...has a very stern and specific view on what history is and what being a historian entails and comprises of in its self. Carr uses various adjectives in his description of what it is to be a historian in an effort to elaborately display his view and excitement on the subject of his profession. Carr describes others views and definitions of what history is which gives him a stronger sense of credibility in my opinion because he has an open minded approach and unbiased. Carr describes the answer of what history is as being: “an answer that consciously or unconsciously reflects our own position in time.” I can completely agree with this theory because though history can be looked at as anything that has preceded an individual’s life, each person may feel that some incidents in time may be more critical and worth recording that others based on personal importance. Something that happened in 1975 may be more applicable to someone who was born in 1989 as opposed to an individual born in 2001. Carr also touches on Professor Sir George Clark’s statement on ‘what is history?’ which states: “It is unique opportunity of recoding, in the way most useful to the greatest number, the fullness of the knowledge which the nineteenth century is about to bequeath. . . By the judicious division of labour we should be able to do it, and bring home to every the last document, and the ripest conclusions of international research.” This to me describes history as being the utmost definition of recollection...
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...Dictionary defines Philosophy as: the study of ideas about knowledge, truth, the nature and meaning of life, etc. A Little History of Philosophy discusses questions, which intrigued humanity from the beginning of time. Those questions include, “How should we live our lives?”, “What is reality?”, and “Whether or not God exists?”. These timeless ideas are discussed in depth throughout the chapters of Warburton’s A Little History of Philosophy. The discussions are kept brief, as he introduces readers to the philosophical reasoning, from the ancient Socrates to the more contemporary philosophers such as Peter Singer. As we journey through the chapters, we contemplate; we formulate new ideas and plant the seeds of inquiry. These...
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...Learning about the history and foundations of nursing helps understand current practice as it sheds light on the evolution of these practices. We know that there are rights for any color human being. That is a current practice. The history of which lies in the past when Mary Mahoney, Mabel Staupers and many others worked very hard to get this right. The knowledge helps nurses today identify with their profession and appreciate the efforts done in the past. Looking at the history of nursing prior to 1800, the trend was for men to care of the sick and the wounded. It seems that in later years women took over. Currently we see men and women choosing nursing as their profession. This is an interesting trend as it has roots in the past. The uniforms in the past were very different than today. We don't see very many colors in the past then what we see today. This change in the trend is very welcoming as nurses now can choose to wear what color they would like. Although some hospitals require a particular color to be worn, most work places are liberal as long as they are scrubs. The head cover changed to a cap and then got completely lost somewhere between the 1970s to 1980s. The scrubs are so comfortable that I have seen people wear them even though they don't work in health care. The technology has also evolved immensely. Looking at the tools in the timeline it is obvious how refined the instruments have become. It also is appreciable how the awareness of the need of those tools...
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...What is -- and How to Write -- a Historiographical Essay (c) Muskingum College, Department of History, 2005 Defining Historiography: Historians do not always agree about how to interpret the events and people that they study; this leads to multiple explanations, which at times, are diametrically opposed to each other. As students progress into upper-level courses in the Department of History, they must move from the mastery of facts and analysis of primary sources encouraged by lower-level courses to a richer and deeper understanding of how history is written and the fact that events and ideas are open to interpretation. Within History 420 (Readings in History), students then move into another level of explanation, where they read intensively on a topic and provide their own historiographical explanations for a series of events/ideas. Therefore, historiography can be described as “the history of history.” What this means in practice is an exploration of a specific topic, and how historians have explained events or people over time, i.e. how their explanations have changed due to their own worldview and/or ideological bent, due to re-interpretation of previously-viewed sources, due to the availability of new sources, previously unexplored, and/or due to the application of different questions and/or methodologies to sources. Revision of prior interpretations of the past is an implicit and important element of historiography. It requires students to not only be able...
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...Historiography is the study of how history is written or how it has been passed on, which includes different sources, levels of credibility, motives of the historian(s), and perspectives. “Critical analysis” in history writing means that one is to analyze a text and the author’s purpose of writing it, and how it affects the argument being made and the evidence that is being used. i.e. When writing about the causes of World War I, one would have to discuss both sides because if only one side, like Germany, were to be discussed, then it would be seen as biased, but then one could also use that as evidence in his/her arguments. “Historical context” is being aware of the historical setting and situation of a certain event, which means that political and social issues and conditions should also be noted. Context will show what is relevant and/or significant to the event....
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...more effective learning and teaching strategies for History is considered as one of the most challenging task for educators (Mr. Truong Tan Sang 2012). The quality of teaching and learning History has stood low and even had tendency to get worse in the past few years. A report in Tuoi tre (July 26, 2011) revealed that the year 2011 witnessed an unprecedentedly disappointed result in History of the entrance exam, approximately 80-90% of candidates got the mark below five, in some extent, the figure even reached over 98%. This is a seriously alarming warning for Vietnam about the unacceptable quality of teaching and learning History. Although it is significantly crucial to do a research to figure out the effective ways of educating History, the number of studies about the methods of History teaching is relatively limited; in addition, all of them still have not provided enough necessary information (Mr. Truong Tan Sang 2012). Nevertheless, thanks to these studies, we at least have had an overview about what should be done to improve methods of teaching and learning History in Vietnam. According to Phan Ngoc Lien (2002) and Nguyen Thi Coi (2006), changing attitude, upgrading facilities and holding up training courses would be three crucial measures to improve the quality of History educating in Vietnam. The Ministry of Education has already implemented diverse campaign focusing on these measures such as textbook reforming and History teachers’ training about teaching skills; however...
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...Name Teacher Juvenile Justice 113 I1 Date History of Juvenile Correction Philosophies and Facilities To talk of the history of juvenile correction philosophies and different juvenile correction facilities, one should understand a brief juvenile justice history to bring us to a point where a correction philosophy or correction facility would be needed. Dealing with juveniles in criminal matters can be traced back as far as the beginning of time. However, early Europe in the fifth century A.D. is where we will start. What is considered a juvenile??? At this time in history the age was fixed at seven for determining whether youths would be exempted from criminal responsibility. With the onset of puberty, at the age of twelve for girls and fourteen for boys, youths were held totally responsibility for their socially unacceptable behaviors. English juvenile justice had some 160 to 200 capital offenses statutes listed for which children could be executed. In London in 1785 eighteen of twenty juveniles were executed. Executions of juveniles continued into the 1800s. (Bartollas, Miller, 2014, p. 4) Here in the United States during the colonial period juvenile justice was shaped by the culture and religious ideas of the Puritans. The family was expected to control their children and when juveniles were caught breaking laws they were sent back to their families for punishment. Of course the older the child got the greater the chances the juveniles would be dealt with by colonial...
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...the people have the power to choose to whom they will entrust the power to lead them in a society. I consider this the best of all political philosophies because the individuals tend to agree to be governed in order for the whole society to put into proper order. This principle is also the basis of Democratic form of government. If the society does not want the people in their government, they possess the right to revolt against it because they are the ones who vested the authority to them. In our country, the social contract theory is present. We had already experienced to revolt against our president twice which shows democracy. We also cannot question the efficiency of these principle based on what our country’s current phase because our political culture has been inculcated with corruption, and this principle was created with good intention of making the society better. Therefore, I would still choose to live in a society based on Hobbesian principles. 4. I do not agree with Hegel’s philosophy that history is the unfolding of a rational pattern. Hegel tried to bridge the gap of philosophy and history. And for me, this is wrong. Philosophy deals primarily with universal rules and meanings while history generally applies itself to definite periods of change or unrest. Philosophy sees all things as essentially the same; history...
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...The Branches of Philosophy Transcript S1: Hello, and welcome to another presentation in Philosophy 201: Philosophy and Contemporary Ideas. In this presentation, I want to introduce you to three major branches of philosophy, and talk about each branch a little bit separately, and then I’ll finish off by talking about some miscellaneous branches of philosophy that are kind of an overlap of those three branches. S2: The first major branch of philosophy is the branch of metaphysics. The word metaphysics means, ‘above or beyond physics.’ It investigates questions of reality and existence. But as the word implies, it’s not just simply the existence that we see or the things that we experience with our senses, but what’s beyond those. What’s beyond this real world that we see here? Why does it work the way that it works? Why is it here? How did it get here? Those are some metaphysical areas that we deal with here. We can break metaphysics into four sub-categories here. The first sub-category is cosmological metaphysics, and this deals specifically with the origin and purpose of reality. Why does anything exist at all? That’s often been called the first philosophical question. Why does anything exist? Where did reality come from? How did it develop the way that it was? What is its purpose—why is it here? Those are all cosmological questions. A second area of metaphysics is theological metaphysics, and this deals with the reality of something beyond the natural reality...
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...Effects of Philosophy From The Renaissance to the Modern Age Era Philosophy for most of Europe was latent throughout the entire Middle Ages which lasted nearly nine centuries. Medieval Philosophy was the only recognized and practiced philosophy during that time period. There were individuals during the Medieval time period that tried to preach different philosophies, however it was not something that was encouraged. If someone tried speaking publicly about a different way of life or theory on life, they were usually brutally chastised. When the Church began to restore power it helped to the “rebirth” of philosophy. Towards the late Middle Ages and beginning of the Renaissance era, there were several very influential philosophers’ starting to rise such as Marsilio Ficino and Giovanni Pico della Mirandola (Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2012). It was philosophers like these men that contributed towards the rebirth of philosophy. The Church did have some involvement in this movement as well. It was then that the Churches began to rise against foreign enemies and stand up for their selves. They started to break out of the orthodox way of life they were used to. The Church showed people that there is still hope. That is when people started to bestow their selves in the Church and grasped on to the thought of change. Once people started to think for themselves, they began to realize there is more to life, and life may actually have a purpose. That is where philosophy began...
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...000 – Computer science, information, and general works • 000 Generalities • 001 Knowledge • 002 The book • 003 Systems • 004 Data processing and Computer science • 005 Computer programming, programs, data • 006 Special computer methods • 007 Not assigned or no longer used • 008 Not assigned or no longer used • 009 Not assigned or no longer used • 010 Bibliography • 011 Bibliographies • 012 Bibliographies of individuals • 013 Bibliographies of works by specific classes of authors • 014 Bibliographies of anonymous and pseudonymous works • 015 Bibliographies of works from specific places • 016 Bibliographies of works from specific subjects • 017 General subject catalogs • 018 Catalogs arranged by author & date • 019 Dictionary catalogs • 020 Library & information sciences • 021 Library relationships • 022 Administration of the physical plant • 023 Personnel administration • 024 Not assigned or no longer used • 025 Library operations • 026 Libraries for specific subjects • 027 General libraries • 028 Reading, use of other information media • 029 Not assigned or no longer used • 030 General encyclopedic works • 031 General encyclopedic works -- American • 032 General encyclopedic works in English • 033 General encyclopedic works in other Germanic languages • 034 General encyclopedic works in French, Provencal...
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...Department of Philosophy / Programs / Undergraduate Program / What is Philosophy? What is Philosophy? Quite literally, the term "philosophy" means, "love of wisdom." In a broad sense, philosophy is an activity people undertake when they seek to understand fundamental truths about themselves, the world in which they live, and their relationships to the world and to each other. As an academic discipline philosophy is much the same. Those who study philosophy are perpetually engaged in asking, answering, and arguing for their answers to life’s most basic questions. To make such a pursuit more systematic academic philosophy is traditionally divided into major areas of study. Metaphysics At its core the study of metaphysics is the study of the nature of reality, of what exists in the world, what it is like, and how it is ordered. In metaphysics philosophers wrestle with such questions as: Is there a God? What is truth? What is a person? What makes a person the same through time? Is the world strictly composed of matter? Do people have minds? If so, how is the mind related to the body? Do people have free wills? What is it for one event to cause another? Epistemology Epistemology is the study of knowledge. It is primarily concerned with what we can know about the world and how we can know it. Typical questions of concern in epistemology are: What is knowledge? Do we know anything at all? How do we know what we know? Can we be justified in claiming...
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...ACCRA, NOVEMBER, 2011 Table of content pages Introduction 1 1. Philosophy of history 1 2. Philosophy of religion 4 3. Logic 6 4. Ethics 8 5. Cosmology 10 6. Philosophy of mind 12 7. Metaphysics 14 8. Philosophy of beauty 16 9. Philosophy of language 18 10. Philosophy of science 20 11. Epistemology 21 Conclusion 23 Bibliography 24 Introduction Philosophy is the pursuit of wisdom. Philosophy at this contemporary world has gone through a lot of changes before getting to this stage. It can be seen in the historical perspective and also the topical perspective. The historical or chronological is when we look at the ideas of some philosophers in the past how they influence society with their way of thinking and the motive behind them. In these chronological system is the ancient era, the medieval era, the modern era and presently the contemporary era. In the beginning all systematic search for knowledge was philosophy. This is clearly seen in the modern university where the highest degree granted in all of the science and humanities is the Ph. D. the doctor of philosophy. But the children began to leave home. The first to leave was physics and astronomy. As they begun to develop experimental techniques of their own. This exodus, led by Galileo and Isaac Newton and Johannes...
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...1-29-2015 Prospectus I will study the workings of Classical Greece’s political economy. It is important for me to understand this because I am minoring in Philosophy. Greece is important to Philosophy because many great thinkers such as Pythagoras and Socrates were “Greek” thinkers. So more or less, I chose Greece for a personal educational gain rather than just some random society to write a research paper on. World historians and readers alike should be interested in this research because from Greece came the father of Western Philosophy, which is the backbone of what is taught in Western academia and really had a huge impact to the world, as we know it. With Philosophy comes questions, with questions come many great answers that impact societies and even the earth. I want to study how Greece’s political economy impacted philosophic thinkers and people alike. In order to help readers understand whether or not outside forces like society’s political economy impacts deeper thinking like philosophy I will dive deep into Athenian Democracy, documents certain philosophers wrote in the day and time in which they lived, and even look into some other people of the time who had strong opinions on what exactly was going on them. Philosophy impacted more than most people think and I am sure in my research I will be able to back that up with primary sources to prove my argument. In writing this research paper I will be exploring the political economy of Classical Greece between 510...
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...Philosophy Essay Tracey Carroll Liberty University EDUC 200 Ms. Angle June 12, 2016 Forming an educational philosophy is an important part of becoming a successful teacher. One’s philosophy determines how they will teach. During my 6th and 7th grade history classes I distinctly remember memorizing exactly what I needed to pass the test. Then like a miracle I got Mr. Brody for my 8th grade History teacher. With his teaching history was brought to life. Based on how Mr. Brody changed my perspective on history and how to teach I am a big supporter of progressivism teaching. This form of learning dynamically involves students, makes facts related to everyday life and pools actual information with individual interest. Beginning with, keenly encompassing my students with my progressive philosophy of instruction. Leading them through inquiries and establishing fun events. If I were a History teacher, I would try to resist from furnishing them facts only in extensive speeches. I would however, start with a detailed aid and then ask questions in such a way that the students would eventually relate the example to the intellectual historic theme on their own. “Guided discovery may take more or less time than expository instruction, depending on the task, but tends to result in better long term retention and transfer than expository instruction”(Mayer, 2002, p. 68). I would also have exciting activities prearranged for the history lesson such as reenactments of the...
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