...Cancer Patient Information H 13 August 2011 Hodgkin’s Disease What is Hodgkin’s disease? Hodgkin’s disease is named for Dr. Thomas Hodgkin, who described several cases of the cancer within the lymph system in 1832. Hodgkin’s disease is a type of lymphoma. Lymphoma is cancer of the lymphatic system, which is the body system responsible for fighting off infections and keeping one healthy. It is the third most common type of cancer in kids and teens ages 10 to 14 but is still very rare for kids to get (The Nemours Foundation, 2011). What causes Hodgkin’s disease? No one really knows what causes Hodgkin’s disease, but it cannot be caused by getting someone else’s germs or by eating the wrong foods. The risk of Hodgkin’s is slightly increased among family members of patients who carry the disease (The Nemours Foundation, 2011). How does Hodgkin’s disease affect the body? Hodgkin's disease affects the body's cells. Healthy cells grow, divide, and replace themselves in an orderly manner. This process keeps the body in good repair. In Hodgkin's disease, cells in the lymphatic system grow abnormally and can spread to other organs. As the disease progresses, the body is less able to fight infection (The Nemours Foundation, 2011). What about detection and prevention? Hodgkin’s disease presents symptoms similar to those of the flu – fever, aches, and swollen glands. One may also feel tired or sweat excessively during the night or losing weight without trying. One may also...
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...13 August 2011 Hodgkin’s Disease What is Hodgkin’s disease? Hodgkin’s disease is named for Dr. Thomas Hodgkin, who described several cases of the cancer within the lymph system in 1832. Hodgkin’s disease is a type of lymphoma. Lymphoma is cancer of the lymphatic system, which is the body system responsible for fighting off infections and keeping one healthy. It is the third most common type of cancer in kids and teens ages 10 to 14 but is still very rare for kids to get (The Nemours Foundation, 2011). What causes Hodgkin’s disease? No one really knows what causes Hodgkin’s disease, but it cannot be caused by getting someone else’s germs or by eating the wrong foods. The risk of Hodgkin’s is slightly increased among family members of patients who carry the disease (The Nemours Foundation, 2011). How does Hodgkin’s disease affect the body? Hodgkin's disease affects the body's cells. Healthy cells grow, divide, and replace themselves in an orderly manner. This process keeps the body in good repair. In Hodgkin's disease, cells in the lymphatic system grow abnormally and can spread to other organs. As the disease progresses, the body is less able to fight infection (The Nemours Foundation, 2011). What about detection and prevention? Hodgkin’s disease presents symptoms similar to those of the flu – fever, aches, and swollen glands. One may also feel tired or sweat excessively during the night or losing weight without trying. One may also enlarged or swollen lymph glands...
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...Tamara Goins- Weekly Research- Week 5- Antonelli College- Ericca Peacock- Instructor For this weekly research, I have chosen Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. From my research, Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma is also called NHL, and no, not for the National Hockey League! But for the acronym of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma is a cancer that starts in your lymphatic system where it in turn, develops into tumors from our white blood cells, called lymphocytes. Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma is a more common type than that of the Hodgkin Lymphoma. Some of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma’s symptoms may include painless, swollen lymph nodes in the neck, your armpits, and your groin area. There could also be abdominal pain and or swelling. You could have chest pain...
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...Lymphoma is a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system that is part of the immune system. It attacks the white blood cells that are called lymphocytes. Normal cells have a lifespan, they do their job and die after they are done and the cycle continues. Abnormal cells that do not die and continue to bloom in a large supply and become out of control is what makes up cancer. The cells become dangerous and begin to attack the body instead of protecting it. Once cancer takes over the lymphocytes, it moves down through the bloodstream and takes over the body, this is what makes up lymphoma cancer. The lymphatic tissue is connected throughout the body and when the cancer enter the system it makes it very easy for the disease to spread to different...
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...Hodgkin’s lymphoma formerly known as Hodgkin’s disease. This is a cancer of the lymphatic system, which is a part of the immune system (Mayo Clinic Staff, “ Definition,” 2014, para. 1). Some of the functional changes that are caused by this disease are: unexplained weight loss, a loss of appetite, itching, painless swelling of the lymph nodes in your neck, arm pits, and groin ( Mayo Clinic Staff, “ Symptoms,” 2014, para.1). The cause of this disease is not readily known. The doctors know that most cases of Hodgkin’s lymphoma occur when an infecting fighting cell called a B cell develops a mutation of its DNA ( May Clinic Staff, “ Causes,” 2014, para. 1). The mutation causes the a large number of oversized, abnormal B cells to accumulate in the lymphatic system, where they crowd out healthy cells and causes the signs and symptoms of Hodgkin’s lymphoma ( Mayo Clinic Staff, “ Causes,” 2014, para.1). There are several tests a doctor may order, including a CLIA waived test to determine if a person has lymphoma. A sample of the patient’s blood is examined in the lab to see if there is anything in the blood indicates the possibility of cancer (Mayo Clinic Staff, “ Test and diagnosis,” 2014, para.2). The doctor may give the patient a physical exam, image test to remove a swollen lymph node, and also bone marrow testing. Additionally, doctors use the letters A and B to indicate whether you’re experiencing symptoms of Hodgkin’s lymphoma: A means that you don’t have any significant...
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...Cancer Patient Information 13 August 2011 Hodgkin’s Disease What is Hodgkin’s disease? Hodgkin’s disease is named for Dr. Thomas Hodgkin, who described several cases of the cancer within the lymph system in 1832. Hodgkin’s disease is a type of lymphoma. Lymphoma is cancer of the lymphatic system, which is the body system responsible for fighting off infections and keeping one healthy. It is the third most common type of cancer in kids and teens ages 10 to 14 but is still very rare for kids to get (The Nemours Foundation, 2011). What causes Hodgkin’s disease? No one really knows what causes Hodgkin’s disease, but it cannot be caused by getting someone else’s germs or by eating the wrong foods. The risk of Hodgkin’s is slightly increased among family members of patients who carry the disease (The Nemours Foundation, 2011). How does Hodgkin’s disease affect the body? Hodgkin's disease affects the body's cells. Healthy cells grow, divide, and replace themselves in an orderly manner. This process keeps the body in good repair. In Hodgkin's disease, cells in the lymphatic system grow abnormally and can spread to other organs. As the disease progresses, the body is less able to fight infection (The Nemours Foundation, 2011). What about detection and prevention? Hodgkin’s disease presents symptoms similar to those of the flu – fever, aches, and swollen glands. One may also feel tired or sweat excessively during the night or losing weight without trying. One may also...
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...Hodgkin disease Mary-Beth Stilwell 7/7/2015 ITT Technical Institute There are many diseases of the lymphatic system. The one I am going to focus on today is Hodgkin Disease. I will begin by explaining what Hodgkin disease is. Followed by what are the causes, signs and symptoms. Next I will explain possible treatments for the disease. Then, I will discuss how Hodgkin disease affects everyday life of a person who suffers from it. “Hodgkin disease also known as Hodgkin lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system. Cells in the lymphatic system grow abnormally and may spread beyond the lymphatic system” (mayoclinic.org, 2014).” Hodgkin disease is a type of lymphoma, a cancer that starts in white blood cells” (The American cancer society, 2015). There are two types of this disease Hodgkin disease and Non-Hodgkin disease. “The two types differ in how they behave, spread, and respond to treatment. So it is important to tell them apart. Doctors can usually tell the difference by looking at the cancer cells under a microscope or by doing special lab tests. Both children and adults can develop Hodgkin disease” (The American cancer society, 2015). Hodgkin disease spreads through the lymph vessels. “Because lymphoid tissue is in many parts of the body, Hodgkin disease can start almost anywhere. Most often it starts in lymph nodes in the upper part of the body. The most common sites are in the chest, neck or under the arms. It spreads lymph node to lymph node. Rarely and late in...
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...University of Phoenix Material Body Systems and Diseases Complete the table below for the required systems listed. You are required to list four to six of the main organs of each body system, one or two sentences explaining the function of the system itself in your own words, and a short list of five to six major diseases that afflict each system. This assignment is due in Week One. |System |Organs in the System |Function of the System |Major Diseases Afflicting the System | |Nervous System |Brain |The most impost important |Alzheimer | | |Spinal Cord |system in our body which |Parkinson | | |Peripheral System |assist the nerve impulses to |Epilepsy | | | |control what is receive and |Stroke | | | |process. |Multiple sclerosis | |Cardiovascular System |Heart |The cardiovascular system |Coronary artery | | |Blood Vessels |helps food and air (oxygen) to|Heart...
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...University of Phoenix Material Body Systems and Diseases Complete the table below for the required systems listed. You are required to list four to six of the main organs of each body system, one or two sentences explaining the function of the system itself in your own words, and a short list of five to six major diseases that afflict each system. This assignment is due in Week One. |System |Organs in the System |Function of the System |Major Diseases Afflicting the System | |Example: |Thymus |Protects the body from disease and|Hay Fever | |Immune System |Lymph Nodes |infection by defending against, |Asthma | | |Skin |attacking and removing pathogens. |Urticaria (Hives) | | |Tonsils |Removes debris from the body, such|Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) | | |Bone Marrow |as dead cells. |Rheumatic Fever | | |Spleen | |Rheumatoid Arthritis | |Required: |Brain |The nervous system allows us to |Multiple sclerosis...
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...Lymphoma Lymphoma is when cells in the lymph system change and grow uncontrollably that may form a tumor. In the lymph system there are thin tubes that branch out to all different parts of the body ("Types of Cancer: Lymphoma"). Its job is to fight infections and diseases. In the lymph system it carries lymph which is colorless fluid containing lymphocytes that are white blood cells. The main job of a lymphocyte is to fight of germs in the body. Two main lymphocytes are B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes. B-lymphocytes also called B-cells make antibodies to fight off bacteria and T-lymphocytes kill viruses, foreign cells and triggers B-cells to make antibodies ("Types of Cancer: Lymphoma"). In different areas of the lymph systems there are lymph nodes through out the body. “Lymph nodes are found in clusters in the abdomen, groin, pelvis, underarms, and neck. Other parts of the lymph system include the spleen which makes lymphocytes and filters blood, the thymus an organ under the breast bone and the tonsils which are located in the throat” ("Types of Cancer: Lymphoma"). There are two types of lymphoma Hodgkin and Non Hodgkin. They both have different types and it is important to know which you have so the treatment is affective. Hodgkin is a blood cancer but may appear as a solid tumor in the glands, most common in teenagers and young adults. According how the cells look under a microscope is how they are identified ("Leukaemia & Lymphoma Research"). Most patients...
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...observed under his left armpit. Preliminary diagnosis suggests follicular lymphoma which is indicative of the lymphatic cancer Non-Hodgkins lymphoma. Hodgkins lymphoma is a malingnant disorder of the lymphoid tissue often characterized by the painless progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes (Braun and Anderson, 2011). The exact cause of HL is unknown. Risk factors include exposure to viruses such as Ebstein-Barr virus, genetic factors, and immunosuppression. Incidence is highest in the ages between the aggression. Incidence is highest in those between the ages of 10 and 30 years and in those older than 50 years (Braun and Anderson, 2011). HL is characterized by the presence of multinucleated giant cells (macrophages), called Reed-Sternberg cells, or mononuclear giant cells, called Hodgkin cells, surrounded by multiple other inflammatory cells, such as neutrophils, eosinophils, plasma cells, small lymphocytes, and fibroblasts. The pathogenesis of HL is still under investigation. The Reed-Sternberg or Hodgkins cell has been identified as the neoplastic cell diagnostic for HL. Susceptibility to specific viral oncogenes or certain HLA subtypes suggest a multifactoral etiology with a genetic influence (Braun and Anderson, 2011). Non-hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a genetic classification made up of a broad range of B-cell and T-cell malignancies within the immune system (Braun and Anderson, 2011). NHL occurs much more frequently than HL, does not exhibit the malingnant Reed-Sternberg...
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...2-20-04 DERMATOLOGY PIC: Stasis Dermatitis • Erythema, hyperpigmentation, and scale occurring on the distal lower extremities, particularly over the medial malleolus • Stasis dermatitis is frequently preceded by chronic and recurrent edema of the lower legs 1. Vinette: Pt w/o TX whould have a progosis with lrg tortuous vericose veins high vol. Venous reflux & early stasis changes of medial ankle. Answer: - Venous ulceraton 2. Vignett: Pt with lrg varicosities above the knee Answer: Venous ulceration (takes a while to take place) - Constant irrition could produce a squamous cell CA Palms/Soles: - TSS – 15y/o female - Secondary Sphyllis - Kwasaki - Rocky Mt. Spotted Fever - If you culture a Strep bovis – Think Colon CA • Meningococcemia: o Emergent • ID-RASH DZ: a. Lyme Dz - Taget rash - Look for Long Island Conn. - Rash – erythema chronicum migrans b. 5th Dz - erythema infectiosum - Rash “slapped cheek” - Parvovirus B12, can cause aplastic anemia - Test for Ab c. Measels (rubeola) - cough, roryza, conjunctivitis, Koplik - rash accoumpanied by fever for measels - Roseola – rash after fever - Rubella – 3rd measels, lymphadenopathy - Can immunize against measels, rubella, Lyme d. Rocky Mt. Spotted Fever - Look for Carolina’s - Rash palms/feet - Cat-scratch fever – papule, granuloma, lymphadenitis - PCR most senstitive for Dx - Kittens transmit more than cat e. Rheumatology - Juv. RA Types: - polyarticular- many, small joints...
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...Alterations in Blood Flow Circulatory System: * Primary function: transport of oxygen and nutrient and removal of metabolic waste products * Requires complex circuitry of vessels powered by heart General Mechanisms That Alter Flow: * Flow reduction in systemic circuit creates ischemia, leading to hypoxia * Flow reduction in venous system alters waste removal and increases systemic pressure * Venous engorgement or venous obstruction * Flow reduction in lymphatic system causes edema * Changes to lymphatic vessels and lymph circulation * Blood vessel obstructions * Blood vessel structural alterations Lymphatic Vessels: * Lymphatic circulation overwhelmed when changes in capillary or interstitial oncotic pressures increase filtration, or when fluid movement at capillary bed is impaired * Causes edema * Causes wide variety of conditions * Lymphedema- lymphatic flow alteration due to impairment in lymph circulation Blood Vessel Obstructions: * Alteration of blood flow may involve impedance of arterial or venous flow * Some obstructions specific to arterial or venous * Others form on both sides * Will now cover those that affect arteries and veins- specific later * Thrombus= blood clot attached to vessel wall * Thromboembolus- detached thrombus * Develop where conditions activate hemostasis * Different triggers for arteries and veins * Shock can lead to thrombi ...
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...Introduction A system is made up of different tissues and organs working together to perform a specific function in the body. Skeletal system: Skeletal system is the system of bones, associated cartilages and joints of human body. Together these structures form the human skeleton. Skeleton can be defined as the hard framework of human body around which the entire body is built. Almost all the hard parts of human body are components of human skeletal system. Joints are very important because they make the hard and rigid skeleton allow different types of movements at different locations. If the skeleton were without joints, no movement would have taken place and the significance of human body no more than a stone. Components of Human Skeleton Human skeleton is composed of three main components; Bones, Associated cartilages and Joints. Bones: Bone is a tough and rigid form of connective tissue. It is the weight bearing organ of human body and it is responsible for almost all strength of human skeleton. Cartilages: Cartilage is also a form of connective tissue but is not as tough and rigid as bone. The main difference in the cartilage and bone is the mineralization factor. Bones are highly mineralized with calcium salts while cartilages are not. Joints: Joints are important components of human skeleton because they make the human skeleton mobile. A joint occurs between “two or more bones”, “bone and cartilage” and “cartilage and cartilage”. Divisions of Human Skeleton:...
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...their functions The four basic human body structures and their units are as follows – • Cells • Tissues • Organs • Systems Cells A cell is the simplest and smallest unit of the human body. They can live independently and can also reproduce themselves. Cells exist in a variety of shapes and sizes including elongated, oval and square. Cells have many different functions. A group of cells is called a tissue. The study of the structure, and the form of cells and tissues is called histology. Joanne Thomas NC26585 Assignment 1 Page 2 Tissues Tissue is a group/organization of a number of similar cells, not all are identical, but all are from the same origin. They carry out a similar function, of which consists of a varying amount of non-living and intercellular substances. There are four main types of tissues – Epithelial tissue This is widespread throughout the body. They form the covering to all the body surfaces and is the main tissue found in glands. This tissue performs a variety of functions including protection, secretion, absorption, filtration and sensory receptors. Connective tissue This binds structures together and provides a framework and support for organs and the body as a whole. It also acts as a transport system to carry substances around the body, and it also helps to store flat. It helps to protect the body against disease and helps repair tissue damage...
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