...trepidation of being observed through societal constructs as gay. This trait tends to be seen from early teens to initial adulthood with single-sex settings heightening notions that in order to be a successful male one must distance themself from the alternate trait, concurrently exemplifying society’s utopian standard of masculinity. However once these ideas that shaped males were broken down there followed a process of greater acceptance towards difference and discarding of homophobia. Anderson and Adams (2011) explicitly and objectively refer to McCann et al (2009) and the contact theory. Anderson and Adams (2011) expand the contact theory delineating that ‘contact with gay men leads to acceptance of bi-men, as well’ (Anderson and Adams, 2011: 10) While this may be valid, it does not accurately reflect the findings of McCann et al (2009) who does not refer to ‘bi- men’. Further despite both journals conclusions vehemently relating, for example both articles recognize the importance of team sport in creating homophobia, McCann et al (2009) findings are only referred to once and are not discussed in a real substantive way, more used as a stepping stone for Anderson to add validity to his own argument. Additionally Hetzel (2011) accurately represents the content that was concluded in McCann et al (2009) in that while she has used the reference to compare and add validity to her own argument she has not changed the fundamental McCann et al (2009) ideas but rather used it as a basis...
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...Sport must do more to fight homophobia. It is not in denial that homophobia is rampant in sports. However, as mentioned, sport is not doing what's needed to handle homophobic abuse. I think authorities should do something about the offenders. Some LGBTQ athletes are still in their closet because of fear to be discriminated. Even though the sporting world is slowly accepting LGBTQ athletes, only a few people feel that gays are “completely accepted” on the sporting field, while others have been subject to verbal and physical abuse for being homosexual. There are still some people who would bully or even verbally threaten them. But now, they’ve established what they called Gay or Pride Games. This sends a powerful message to the public that homophobia...
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...I chose to implement the program that adresses homophobia in high school. I chose high school because I personally believe that homophobia and heterosexism is most evident amongst high school students. Students in high school feel the need to prove themselves , especially males , and insulting someone using derogatory homosexual terms is quite common in high schools. The biggest insult I today’s society is an attack on someone’s sexuality, it also makes a person (in particular males) feel more empowered when they insult someone based on their sexuality. This problem afflicting the youth of today is getting significantly worse and there should be measures put in place to hault the discrimination against homosexual students. The program I would like to see put in place in high schools is inspired by the “Just Communities’ Safe Schools Program”. It is a two day program which is basically like workshop to inform and teach students , teachers , counsellors and administrators about homosexuality and heterosexist in high schools and how they can make in difference in changing the way we handle situations associated with it. The participants are made knowledgeable of the discrimination against homosexuals that is constantly occurring everyday in schools. Discrimination can be anything from ridiculing someone because of their sexual orientation to homophobic incidents perpetrated by the school systems itself. The first step of the program should be an information session in which the...
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...Wave Your Rainbow Flag Many scientists, professors and sports personnel alike are all interested in the irradiation and eradication of heterosexism in sport. Prof. Guylaine Demers wrote an article in the Canadian Journal for Women in Coaching to help raise awareness of this issue. The Canadian Association for the Advancement of Women and Sport and Physical Activity published a position paper on homophobia in sport. Matt Allen came out to his family, team, the sports organization that employs him and has given a speech about his life in sports. These people are strongly fighting for the edification of homophobia and heterosexism in sport and the world in general. I have found that despite headway, homophobia is still a major foul in the world of sports. Homophobia and heterosexism is affecting athletes, coaches, and sports governing bodies around the world, it’s time it was stopped. What if that joke everyone laughed at scares one, or two, or half of your teammates? What if your joke made your teammates fear being themselves around you and the team? All because you made a casual homophobic joke (Allen, 2015). A joke or a thoughtless comment can make teammates fear being found out that they are gay, lesbian, or...
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...Although homophobia exists throughout many cultures and societies, Russia has recently gained notoriety for its intolerance of homosexuality. In a world that is becoming more accepting and tolerant in social and political views, Russia is moving backwards when it comes to LGBT rights. Many Russians hold a conservative view of homosexuality. Russia’s turbulent political past is a strong contributor to today’s attitudes towards homosexuality and other sexual orientations. Under the tsarist rule, homosexuality was a crime punishable by imprisonment or death. Even under Stalin’s Soviet Union, anti-gay laws were enacted and homosexuals were seen as a danger to the state and sent to prisons. Even though Yeltsin legalized homosexuality in 1993, under the Putin regime, homosexuals have been abused and mistreated due to a series of anti-gay propaganda laws and an increasingly homophobic Russian society....
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...level our nation was colonized with the overarching ideals of the Christian religion. The interpretation of the bible was fulfilled by the most conservative and shared with those in such colonies. This evolution of Christianity through the interpretation and ultimately manipulation of the Bible has had a great influence on the exclusion and creation of homophobia within the United States. While ideals of homophobia are interpreted within the Bible the concerns of its regards to gays and lesbians were not discussed until an overarching presence of gays and lesbians became more prevalent in the United States. In this essay I will begin by explaining the views of different denominations within the larger Christian faith regarding homosexual relationships and their existence within the congregations. Following these descriptions I will discuss why this is important when we evaluate the roots of homophobia and where it can be found within the faith. I will conclude my essay with a personal story and share why I believe it is important to understand the evolution of homophobia as we make progress from dismantling it from our society. What’s...
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...Homophobia; A Widespread Disease We all hear the words like ”Homo”, “Dyke” and “Faggot” tossed around a lot socially these days, and they may seem harmless. They’re not! These words are used daily by individuals who are known as homophobes. If you were to look up the definition of this term homophobia, it would best be defined as “irrational fear of, aversion to, or discrimination against homosexuality or homosexuals”(Merriam-Webster Dictionary). Homophobia is more wide spread than what most people think, it is present in our country, but also all over the world. In this paper I will discuss how homophobia is not just present here in Canada, but that it exists in Tanzania, South Africa, Johannesburg and how same-sex individuals are effected by the homophobes in their community. The novel Tommy boys, lesbian men and ancestral wives, documents same sexuality in east and southern Africa, where each of the chapters has been co-authored by women activists spanning across six different countries, from Uganda to Namibia. I will be focussing on the Introduction chapter as well as chapter six, which portraits the live of African women engaged in same-sex relations and practices, including the pains of betrayal and the hatred in their communities. When looking at Busi Kheswa and Saskia Wieringa Chapter Six in the novel, Kheswa discusses Nunu, Nokuthula and Zozo, and their experience as same sex individuals in Johannesburg. Kheswa discusses how all her responders have been faced...
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...Homophobia/LGBTQ Issues in Entertainment “Homophobia is the fear or hatred for homosexuals.” (Lincoln 62). People face homophobia issues everyday through other people within the entertainment industry through films, television, music, sports, fashion, the arts, and advertising. “Homophobia is a social, cultural, and religious illness that paralyzes society,” (Kamua 241). LGBTQ simply stands for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender, There are many homophobia/LGBTQ issues in entertainment. “I can’t think of a time when I’ve seen homophobia on television. But I see it in movies all the time. In an industry so well-populated by gay and lesbian filmmakers and producers, we can do better.” says Kelly Bush Novak. In the film & television industry they don’t address homophobia issues quite often due to being fearful of alienating even a portion of the audience. The hit “Brokeback Mountain” which made about $178 million worldwide are written off as “just luck”. On the other hand, the LGBT representation on tv has evolved drastically. “Over the past few years, we’ve seen LGBT representation on TV evolve to more accurately reflect its audience and our culture, with diverse programs like ‘Empire’ and ‘How to Get Away With Murder’ also becoming some of TV’s biggest hits,” Ellis says. “The film industry, on the other hand, lags years behind — and must improve its track record on diverse representations if it is to stay relevant to a wide audience.”. Films are nothing like...
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...Sandra Robinson Professor Duarte SSC 101: Social Issues October 1, 2015 Internalized Homophobia I would like to say that this is most interesting subject and one that is really miss understood by many in our society. I have started to research some information concerning this subject and I find that there are many dealing with this situation in my mist and even in my circle in the church. The definition is defined as lesbians and gay men that really fear being the way that they are but it is what it is. I have through my studies in the last week found out that Internalized homophobia is defined as the involuntary belief by lesbians and gay men that the homophobic lies, stereotypes and myths about them are true. There are two logical, predictable consequences of a lifetime of such messages.1 First, heterosexuals will grow to believe many of the messages, and treat these with this issue and kind of people accordingly. They will be thoroughly indoctrinated into their role in heterosexism, protecting their heterosexual privilege by colluding with the perpetuation of heterosexism / homophobia. But there is a second logical consequence - these same messages also stick to lesbians and gay men, resulting in internalized homophobia. Lesbians and gay men are taught to act out the lies and stereotypes, doubting themselves and other gay people (sometimes called “horizontal hostility.”) This is the...
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...sex. Most people may refer to them in words like "gays" or "gay people" as common terms instead of "homosexuals", whereas "lesbians" are only used to describe female homosexuals. These radical definitions of homosexuals already indicate that this minority group is evenly distributed throughout the entire society. Homosexuals can be both men and women. They exist in all classes, social groups, races, positions, and countries, regardless of their age or origin. Believe it or not but as far as historians can trace back the past, homosexuals have always been in existence, from Julius Caesar to Alexander the Great. How does a student know if he/she is gay, lesbian, bisexual or transgender? This is a question a lot of scientists want an answer to when concerning the GLBT community. Finding his/her identity is a good way to become stress free! After a student is able to find their identity, there is a greater chance him/her will become more comfortable with them self. College is seen as a place for individuals to express themselves and figure out whom he/she is this becomes more challenging for students of the GLBT community. While the acceptance of GLBT individuals in society has increased, the issues they face are continuously increasing as well; especially on college campuses where students go expecting to find a home away from home. As a developing professional, I believe that it is influential for institutions to acknowledge the issues of this matter that exist among college...
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...Herek in 2000 used the term ‘sexual prejudice’ to replace ‘homophobia’ and defined it as negative attitudes which emerge from one’s beliefs and behaviours of personal ideology toward individuals because of their sexual orientation that results in the marginalization of gay and lesbian people. The term heterosexism as defined by Herek (2004) describes the cultural ideology that maintains social prejudice against sexual minorities. Alden and Parker (2005) offered another definition of heterosexism stating that heterosexism is a belief system that assumes the superiority of heterosexuality over homosexuality. Both heterosexism and homophobia appear in every society and culture, some of which are more tolerant and some being more conservative and play a major role in the formation of attitudes towards homosexual...
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...allegiance to its government and is entitled to its protection. The legal view on citizenship is a person with rights of residence, rights to vote within the country, rights to own private land within the country, rights for privileges. Legal citizenship is for a person who is born within the country or has sworn loyalty to this country is able to have all the rights above. Qualities of a good citizen would be someone who obeys the law and doesn't cause corruption within society. Someone who has respect for everyone, someone who is going to follow rules, laws, respect others. One who contributes to society and gets involved within society, here they is reliable and trustworthy. They will need to be able to stand up for the rights of others, this shows that they respect they law and its show respect to the function of society. To the public services all these factors will help the services in reducing crime. If everyone followed these policies/characteristics then it would reduce crime within society. Also it would benefit the environment, e.g. there would be less pollution, dropping litter etc. People would have respect for the environment and others. People would feel safer and happier as there would be less crime and a cleaner environment to live in. Within the public services, there would be no war, so we wouldn't need an army as much as we do now, we wouldn't need police officers to on edge all the time, patrolling, the environment we would be living in would be relaxed...
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...I will be explaining the following: radical feminism; marxist feminism; hegemonic masculinity;gender;homophobia;misogyny; rape culture; and Heterosexism. I have focused on these six terms because they highlight how sexuality and gender are categorized culturally and in our Western Capitalist society, causing women to be oppressed. I have focused on the previously mentioned feminist theories because they focus on a male dominated society that encourages unrealistic gender stereotypes. Also, these theories explain how women experience discrimination and unfair disadvantages. Radical Feminism Radical Feminism relates to the idea that women are being dominated in a male driven patriarchal society. Oppression of women has been engrained into the structure of society is reinforced through areas like motherhood,family, the state. Radical feminism indicates that we live in patriarchal society that sexualizes women and never allows them to be an authority figure. It affects women on a global scale and continues to build a prioritized system that continuously gives men dominant power and control. Women cannot seek help through the system because it is biased and controls women’s sexuality. Social dominance allows privileges to be given out according to gender and basically states women should not be in control of their own bodies and men are connected to power. Women are prone to unjust treatment and every aspect of their lives in shaped around male dominance. Women are put in a...
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...1. Homosexuals are not depraved individuals; being gay is not a mental disorder. As such, they are considered fully functioning members of society. They go to school, go to work, pay taxes, etc. There are no distinct qualifications for becoming a parent; however, most would suggest that a good parent possess the following characteristics: Responsible; Capable; Loving; Trustworthy; etc -- none of which are exclusive to heterosexuals. So, if we can accept that homosexuals are for all intensive purposes equal to heterosexuals in their personalities and behavior (outside of sexual endeavors), then there is no good reason to deny them the right to have or adopt children. It would seem that whom one sleeps with is a personal choice that should have no bearing on their qualification for parenting. As such, it would be wrong to deny gay couples the same parenting rights as other people in society. To do so would be to exhibit blatant homophobia, or the idea that gay people would somehow make inferior parents. The only way to eradicate this absurd ideal would be exposure; people need to see that gay people are just as competent as straight people in being good parents. Moreover, exposure to the homosexual lifestyle would decrease homophobia and other bigotry in general. 2. Parenting is in no way limited to be between a child's biological mother and father. In fact, 1/3 of children in America are not raised in two-parent households [1]. Plus, the 2000 U. S. Census reports that 33% of...
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...different methods of capital punishment like- disembowelment (example beheading ), electrocution (the electric chair), shooting, and also hanging, these are just a few ways, from which hanging is the most common form of death penalty. Capital punishment is legal in India. The most recent examples of death penalty in India being Ajmal kasab in 2012 and Afzal guru in 2013. Currently there are 135 countries that have abolished death penalty and around 62 countries including India that have retained the penalty. http://image01.w.livedoor.jp/t/n/tyburn/1a9e12a435428605.jpg Citation: (Ritzer & Ryan, 2011, p. 47) 3. Crime: Ancient Babylon’s codes of Hammurabi are the earliest evidence of a society that clearly identified a set of rules governing social life. King Hammurabi (1795-1750 BC) established a historical precedent for other...
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