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Homosexuals in the Military

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Homosexuals in the Military
Matthew Martin
ENC1101
Mrs. Couch
Keiser University
April 19, 2012

Homosexuals in the Military

Homosexuality within the military is a controversial subject. Sexual segregation in the military became relevant in the early 1940’s. Homosexuality is viewed differently among soldiers, veterans and the general public. As a soldier in The United States Army, I have encountered first-hand how this impacts both the military and workplace environment. Central to this issue is the question of whether or not homosexuality is detrimental to a soldier’s duty.
George Washington, the nation's first Commander-in-Chief, held a strong opinion on this subject and gave a clear statement of his views on it in a court Marshall for a soldier who stood accused of sodomy. (Fitzpatrick, 1934) “At a General Court Martial Lieutenant Enslin [was] tried for attempting to commit sodomy with John Monhort, a fellow soldier. He was found guilty of the charges levied against him and was sentenced to be dismissed from the service. George Washington approved the sentence due to the abhorrence and detestation with which he viewed such infamous crimes.” (Fitzpatrick, 1934)
The sexual orientation of military personnel was first recognized by The Military Code of Conduct in 1942. This stated that “homosexuals” were different than “normal” people or heterosexuals. This was revised in the military literature of army mobilization regulations 1943. (Cannistra, Downs, Rivero, 2010) Further revisions in the military code of conduct solidified the ban against homosexuality. Homosexuals were discharged within the past decades even if they had not engaged in sexual conduct while serving in the military. (Kauth, Landis, 1996) “President Harry S. Truman signed the Uniform Code of Military Justice in 1950. It outlined the rules for discharging homosexual service members. In 1982 President Ronald Reagan stated that ‘homosexuality is incompatible with the military service.’” (Cannistra, Downs, Rivero, 2010)
“In 1992 Bill Clinton, as a presidential candidate, promised to lift the ban against gays in the military. Soon after taking office in 1993, President Clinton faced powerful military and congressional opposition to lifting the ban. In December of 1993 President Bill Clinton issued a defense directive that military applicants should no longer be asked about their sexual orientation.” (Cannistra, Downs, Rivero, 2010) It was later known as the, ‘Don’t ask, don’t tell’ policy. “DON’T ASK, DON'T TELL, Don't Pursue refers to the policy, begun in 1993, regarding lesbians and gay men in the U.S. military. Service personnel may be discharged for homosexual conduct but not simply for being gay. Therefore, military commanders do not ask military personnel about their sexual orientations or begin an investigation except upon the receipt of "credible information" of homosexual conduct. If a person acknowledges his or her homosexuality publicly, military commanders presume that he or she intends to engage in homosexual conduct. Homosexual men and women, he said, should not be prevented from serving their country based on their sexual orientation.” (Poe 2003) “Congress later inserted text in a bill that required the military to abide by the regulation set up by President Reagan. In 1994 a federal court reinstated Col. Grethe Cammermeyer to the Washington State National Guard allowing her to serve on until she retired in 1997. In 2003 the Supreme Court ruled that the federal government could withhold funding to colleges and universities that accept military recruits who openly admitted to homosexuality.” (Cannistra, Downs, Rivero, 2010)
“In 2008 President Barrack Obama campaigned against the banning of homosexuals in the military by calling for a full repeal of the ‘Don’t ask, don’t tell’ ban. In the presidential primary debate in June 2007 all candidates to include John Edwards, Hilliary Clinton as well as Barrack Obama raised their hands stating that they would all eliminate the don’t ask don’t tell law. In May 2010, the House and the Senate committees agreed to a provision that would repeal the ‘Don’t ask, don’t tell law’.” (Cannistra, Downs, Rivero, 2010) However, the provision would be contingent upon the results of a study to determine the impact of allowing homosexuals to serve as full pledged members of the armed forces. (Cannistra, Downs, Rivero, 2010) “The results of the study were released on November 30th 2010, stating that the impact would be minimal and low risk to the armed forces. On December 18th 2010 the senate vetoed the bill of don’t ask don’t tell and ended a 17 year ban on openly gay individuals serving in the military.” (Cannistra, Downs, Rivero, 2010)
Mike Coffman, a former congressman from Colorado and Marine veteran, states “Interjecting sexuality into a ground combat team potentially creates an emotional divide between marines and undermines confidence and prevents the interdependent bond from forming, ultimately destroying the combat effectiveness of the unit”. (McManus, 2010) This opinion is mirrored by numerous soldiers who comprise the armed forces community. A large portion of heterosexual soldiers, myself included, are concerned over the presence of homosexuals in the military. Within my tenure I observed intricate details of every day military life. One specific example would be the manner in which personal hygiene is conducted within close proximity of fellow soldiers to include up to forty men showering in a confined area. This close contact with individuals of varying sexual orientation will cause a detriment to morale. An essential element of going into battle is to be able to rely upon your fellow soldiers. Sexual tension in the face of battle will destroy this essential trust.
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References

Cannistra, Downs, Rivero, M. K. ,. K. ,. C. (2010, November 30). A history of 'don't ask, don't tell'. The Washington Post. Retrieved from: http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp- srv/special/politics/dont-ask-dont-tell-timeline/
George Washington, The Writings of George Washington, John C. Fitzpatrick, editor (Washington: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1934), Vol. XI, pp. 83-84, from General Orders at Valley Forge on March 14, 1778.
Kauth, Landis, M. R. ,. D. (1996). Out in force: Sexual orientation and the military . Chicago: University of Chicago Press.. Retrieved from http://psychology.ucdavis.edu/rainbow/html/military_history.html
McManus, J. F. (2010). Congressman who is a marine veteran explains opposition to homosexuals in the military. The New American, 9.
Poe, C. R. "Don't Ask, Don't Tell." Dictionary of American History. 2003. Retrieved April 18, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3401801257.html

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