...objective being to determine the outcome of the treatment in case horses. The abstract does not explain that the ‘outcome’ investigated in the study is the racing performance of the horses post treatment, evaluated by comparison of number of starts, total earnings, and earnings per start against a control group of horses. The advantage of a prospective trial is that it allows the researcher the ability to analyse currently available...
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...Memorandum Hong Kong Jocky Club Case Hong Kong Jockey Club was a gambling company with a monopoly on horse racing, football betting and lotteries, and it was also the largest charity and community benefactor in Hong Kong. The club used to have simple origins of horse racing and it had robust growth along with Hong Kong economy before 1998. In 1996/97 season, the Hong Kong Jockey Club race betting turnover rose to a record peak of HK$92.4 billion. However, it faced adverse condition after this and one of the reasons is bad economy situation. In July 1997, the Asian financial crisis started and Hong Kong’s GDP was stagnant and even turns negative in 1998. And then in 2001, the global economic downturn led by U.S gave Hong Kong another strike. Later in 2003, the outbreak of Sever Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) effected Hong Kong’s visitor arrivals and retail sales severely. Besides economy, regional competition from Macau and other Asian countries and the rise of new forms of illegal betting and offshore betting threated Hong Kong Jockey Club’s business. The vision of the club is to be a world leader in the provision of horse racing, sporting and betting entertainment and Hong Kong’s premier charity and community benefactor and their mission is to provide total customer satisfaction through meeting the expectations of all Club customers and stakeholders, which include the racing and betting public, lottery player, club members, charity and community organizations, government...
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...Barrel racing is one of the most popular uses of the American Quarter Horse in North and South America with approximately $14 million dollars awarded annually in prize money. However, this popularity takes a heavy toll on horses most commonly resulting in forelimb lameness. The National Animal Health Monitoring System published The National Estimate of Economic Costs associated with animal events and production. The number one cause of economic loss in the horse industry is lameness. The NAHMS report indicated that for every 100 horses there are 9-14 lameness related events with each event costing approximately $430.00, taking approximately 110 days to recover from each event, making lameness issues one of the most costly and performance...
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...Horses have been around for millions of years. They have evolved, and become important to society over the years. Horses are very complex creatures. They are big, but they fragile. They think, and problem solve, like humans! When trained, they are nice to be around and ride. Horses are great for entertainment too. To conclude, there are many things about the horse. Millions of years ago horses looked way different than they do now. Then they were as small as a small dog and had many toes. Now, they are mostly big (6 5-6 ft); or horses can be smaller. But now horses have only one toe, or hoof, on each leg. Over the millions of years that have gone by horses have evolved and have been bred; there are now over 350 horse breeds in...
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...Betting turnover on horse racing has been steadily declining in Hong Kong since the peak 1996/1997 season. While gambling is a very common activity in Hong Kong, several external factors threaten the annual racing revenue. These include the proliferation of illegal and offshore bookmaking, the government’s betting duty structure, and increasing international competition. The Hong Kong Jockey Club (HKJC) was granted a statutory monopoly on horse racing, football (soccer) betting, and lotteries. It is also the largest single taxpayer in Hong Kong, the largest employer, and has some of the most sophisticated information technology applications in Asia. HKJC hopes to continue to increase revenue through meeting the expectations of its stakeholders, including the betting public, lottery players and Club members. While horse racing is HKJC’s core business, it is also a mature market in which the Club has observed an eight-year decline in revenue. This is believed to be impacted by the turnover-based duty system and the growing number of local illegal and offshore gambling options. In 2005 the HKJC proposed reforms to Hong Kong’s betting duty system to tax on gross margins rather than turnover. By Club estimates, this would enable it to recover HK$20 billion to HK$24 billion a year by making it more price-competitive with the illegal bookmakers, bringing the annual racing revenue to approximately HK$88 billion. Moreover, it estimates that if no action is taken the racing turnover could...
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...There are diverse breeds of horses to complete many different job descriptions. There are working breeds, racing breeds, companion breeds, and light breeds. These different breeds of horses acquired abilities over time that made them the individual creatures they are today. Working breed horses shaped America. Everywhere there was a footprint in history there was a hoof print right beside it. Working class breeds can be divided into four groups, racing, companion, and light breeds . Racing breeds have been derived from careful breeding and trial and error quality combinations. Light breeds, and companion breeds have been kept around and refined due to their popularity, and lovable qualities. Light breeds are also referred to as saddle horses,...
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...Animal Sciences 306 Equine Science Exam #1 2/22/07 NAME________________________ I. Multiple Choice – Place the letter corresponding to the best answer in the space to the left. (38 pts.) 1._____Citrate Synthase and HAD activities of horse muscle _____ after birth (Changes in muscle profile) a. increase b. decrease c. stay constant 2._____ Cutting the superior check ligament is one possible treatment for a horse that is/has: a. stifled b. bowed superficial digital flexor tendon c. osselets d. bowed deep digital flexor tendon 3._____ Intra-articular injection of _____ is a common treatment for horses with poor quality synovial fluid. a. iodine b. aspirin c. hyaluronic acid salts d. none of the above 4._____ A lesion commonly found in a horse’s hock, that is due to a subchondral bone cyst and detachment of the overlying cartilage is called: a. osteochondritis dissecans b. carpitis c. osselets d. windpuffs 5._____ The side of the horse’s leg where you would find the digital flexor tendons in the ___________ surface. a. dorsal. b. palmar c. proximal d. distal 6._____ Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis (HYPP) is a genetic disease that affects a horse’s ______. a. sodium pump of the muscle membrane...
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...Horse Barn Working on the horse farm has to be the most memorable part of my life. Surrounded by fresh air, wide-open space, and peaceful, natural sounds, I cherished every minute spent with the horses. The hot, humid summers were always the laziest parts of life on the farm. Rising early in the damp morning, I tried to get outside and start my daily chores before the inevitable heat struck the air. Breathing the crisp, morning air, winding through the maze of wagging tails and drooling mouths toward the sliding barn door, passed through a sense of importance in my life. At the gates, anxious to get their breakfast after a long, cool night in the fields, the impatient horses pawed and neighed, telling me to hurry my step. The beautiful, bay quarter horse, Impressive, was always at the head of the pack. King of the group, he was also the trusty, old horse that I knew and loved. Unlatching the gate, I allow Impressive to walk through on his own accord and trot off to his stall, awaiting the grain and hay he knows will soon come. The rest of the pack is brought in one by one and placed safely into their spacious, clean and, for the meantime, cool stalls. Perfect, Taffy, Special, Max, Arbitrator, Melvin, Rupert, and more, all having their own turn, all knowing their place in the well-established pecking order. Feeding time is always filled with commotion and seemingly unending, impatient screams. The average outsider would have guessed that the fat, robust horses hadn't been...
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...1969 a 15.1 hand, sorrel, Quarter Horse was born, of the name Impressive. At the age of seven he was a World Champion Open Aged halter stallion. Being such a progeny he sired 2,250 foals, and nearly thirty went on to be World Champions themselves. He was the beginning of something big, something that would affect the genetic makeup of Quarter Horses for centuries. Impressive is the founder Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis, also known as HYPP. HYPP is a major issue in American Quarter Horses and a concern in the (AQHA 2010). Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis is an inherited disease of the muscle, which causes trembling and shaking of the muscles and can lead to weakness and collapse. In the muscle of the affected horses, a point mutation exists in the sodium channel gene and is passed on to offspring (Horse 2008). The sodium channels are pores or openings in the muscle cell membrane, which control contraction of muscle fibers. When the horse has the HYPP gene it causes the sodium channel to become leaky which causes the muscle to be overly excited and contract involuntarily. The channel becomes leaky from fluctuating levels of potassium...
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...American Quarter Horses In the 1700s colonists came across a breed of horses that combined the English horse with the Chickasaw breed that was brought into the Southeast by the Spanish conquistadors. The American Quarter Horse got its name from its ability to run the quarter mile races. Reaching up to 55 miles per hour, there?s no doubt that this breed was the horse for the job. American Quarter Horses have a strong willingness to work and a personality like no other. Originally, American Quarter Horses were found in the Southeastern United States by Spanish Conquistadors, but now they are most commonly bred and sold. Like any other horse, they eat grass and/or hay. They need to have their hooves trimmed every six to eight weeks to keep them from getting overgrown and infected. Owners should also take weather precautions. Horses can...
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...it's a start. The 2015 season has been very disappointing for the coaches and fans who believed the Dolphins were ready to take the next step after a decent 8-8 record last season. Much of the anticipation came because of the improved play of QB Ryan Tannehill who threw for 4.045 yards and 27 TDs last season. He hasn't been quite as effective this year, but that night be because the defense has failed to give him a chance for enough quality snaps without defenses being able to lock in against the passing game. In a twist of fate, Coples will be playing his first game with the Dolphins against none other than the New York Jets in New York. While his playing time will likely be limited until he has had the opportunity to adjust to the new system, Coples might be able to help his new employer by providing information about the Jets offensive and defensive schemes. After hearing news of the transaction, Jets coaches are surely scrambling to switch things up just a little....
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...The horse is an odd toed ungulate mammal of the family equidae. The horse has played a key role in the evolution of human society during the bronze age and iron age (Levine, 1999). As per the most widely accepted concept, human started horse domestication around 4000 BC in Ukraine and Kazakhstan (MacFadden, 1995; Clutton-Brock 1999). The horse became widespread till 3000 BC. The wild stock, from which all domestic horses were bred, inhabited in the plains of southern Russia from Ukraine to Turkestan. All breeds of the horse were developed as a result of artificial selection (Clutton-Brock 1999). The earliest documented method for control of the horse is nose ring, a device borrowed from ox driving and pictures of asses in Mesopotamian artistic...
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...Horse training refers to a variety of products to teach horses to do certain behaviors when asked by someone. They are trained to be manageable by humans for everyday care, even for people with disabilities. Be a leader, always work hard and keep confident and calm. Keep a slow yet steady past to build trust. some things you could do to bond are: cleaning the stall while its in there, but be very careful when doing that. You could brush it, feed it, just anything small you could do as long as you are not riding or on the horse. that could be very dangerous. Always be sure of your horses safety, both physically and mental. Also to be a strong leader is to be compassionate, kind patient and calm. Never get mad when your horse isnt doing something you ask from them, it is never the horse's fault. (well sometimes but it depends on how you act). Also be sure your horse is good around people, if not then it could...
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...wagers (These wagers only involve one horse): Win: You collect only if your horse finishes first. The minimum wager is $2 Place: You collect if your horse finishes first or second. However, if your horse wins, you only collect the Place payout. The minimum wager is $2. Show: You collect if your horse finishes first, second or third, but you collect only the Show payout. The minimum wager is $2. Across The Board: You are wagering on a horse to Win, Place and Show. You receive one ticket for all three wagers. If your horse wins, you receive Win, Place and Show payouts. If your horse finishes second, you receive Place and Show payouts; and if your horse is third, you receive the Show payout. Because you are actually placing three wagers, the minimum wager is $6. 2. Combination or “Exotic” wagers (These wagers involve two or more horses): Daily Double: To collect, you must select the winner of two races. For example, you must select the winner of the first race and the second race. Of course, you must place the wager before the first of your two races! Exacta: To collect, you must pick the horses that finish first and second in exact order. For example, if you play a 3-5 exacta, the #3 horse must Win and the #5 horse must Place (come in second) for you to collect. Exacta Box: Is made to guarantee the outcome of the first two finishers regardless of which horse wins. For example, if you box the #3 and #5 horses and either the #3 or the #5 horse wins and finishes second, you win. Trifecta:...
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...necessary expenses paid or incurred during the taxable year in carrying on any trade or business, including – (1) a reasonable allowance for salaries or there compensation for personal services actually rendered; (2) traveling expenses (including amounts expended for meals and lodging other than amounts which are lavish or extravagant under the circumstances) while away from home in the pursuit of a trade or business; and (3) rentals or other payments required to be made as a condition to the continued use or possession, for purposes of the trade or business, of property to which the taxpayer has not taken or is not taking title or in which he has no equity. In 2001, Andrew Mayo qualified as a professional gambler. Andrew was gambling on horse races and had total wagers of $131,760. During 2001 Andrew had winnings totaling $120,463 and $10,968 of other business expenses such as travel, subscriptions, car and truck expenses, etc. Claiming he was a professional gambler, her reported his income and expenses on Schedule C, showing a net loss of $22,265. Although the IRS agreed that he was a professional gambler, the IRS limited his total deduction to his total winnings of $120,463 thus eliminating the $22,265 loss that was claimed by Andrew. The IRS based its position on Section 165(d), which states that losses from wagering transactions shall be allowed only to the extent of the gains from such transactions. In 1951, the Tax Court in Offutt (16 TC 1214) ruled that Section 165(d) applied...
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