...Impact of different window types in regulating natural ventilation of residential buildings of Dhaka, Bangladesh |Md. Nymul Haque¹ |Jinia Sharmeen² | |haque.nymul@gmail.com |jinia_lima@hotmail.com | Abstract Natural ventilation is most desirable for cooling and providing fresh air in residential buildings for better indoor air quality and thermal comfort. The natural ventilation performance is affected by a combination of internal and external factors. External factors include the location, the orientation, the prevailing wind speeds and the building forms of the residential development, which are subject to constraints beyond the control of site planners and architects. Whilst for internal factors like the openings configurations and window types, site planners and architects are always given free hand for a proper design. Dhaka, a city in the Tropics, has become such a city where with rapid urbanization users are moving towards mechanically ventilated buildings putting ever increasing demand on the dwindling energy resources. This paper focuses on the influences of window types on the natural ventilation of residential units in Dhaka in order to improve quality of indoor living environment. Primary objective of the study is an attempt to investigate...
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...Introduction Housing is a basic need of every human beings, it provides security, pride and ownership. It has great significance in human life. One does not require shelter for protection against natural elements and hostile weather, but also for maintaining standard of family and society. It is one of the significant indicators of urban growth and economy of a particular city. Real estate is a legal term that encompasses land along with the improvements to the land, such as buildings, fences, walls and other site improvements that are fixed in location-immovable. Real estate is often considered synonymous with real property (also sometimes called realty), and housing is one component of real estate. Real estate covers both commercial and personal properties. Housing and real estate sector play an important role in overall economic growth, social uplift, and employment in the context of the rapidly expanding economies. Personal residences account for 75–90 percent of household wealth in emerging-market countries, which amounts to three to six times their annual income. Housing represents 15–40 percent of the monthly expenditure of households worldwide. Similarly, investment in housing accounts for 15–35 percent of aggregate investment, whereas housing construction and housing-related sectors constitute approximately 9 percent of the labor force worldwide (Nenova, 2010; Sarker et.al, 2011). Housing companies may contribute significantly in employment generation and in developing...
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...History The area first developed about two hundred years ago in what was then the village of Holbeck. Activities such as flax spinning, iron casting and machine manufacturing were carried out in a range of steam-powered mills and workshops. Interspersed amongst these mills and factories were hundreds of families living in poor conditions in back to back houses. Why was an urban village created? The northern part of Holbeck is an area that is in need of major regeneration and in which there is now strong developer interest. It is also an area that is of great importance both historically, as the cradle of the industrial revolution in Leeds, and architecturally, with two conservation areas and a number of listed buildings including the Grade I Temple Works. The special nature of this area merits a special response from developers that respects the scale and quality of its important buildings, the diversity of the area and its potential to develop into a sustainable community. It was clear from the early schemes to re-develop the area a decade or so ago that this was not happening and that the special quality of the area was being lost. In order for the future of Holbeck to be sustainable, the traditional principles of a village, which include a mixture of living, working and recreational opportunities, need to be adopted. It appeared to be appropriate to regenerate the area as an urban village and the Urban Villages Forum (which promotes urban villages) confirms this. The area...
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...Unit 5 1.1 Define the following types of abuse Physical: The physical ill treatment of a person which may or may not cause physical injury. Physical abuse can also occur when people are not provided with adequate care and support, causing them unjustifiable physical discomfort. Sexual abuse: Sexual abuse includes acts which involve physical contact or non-physical contact. Contact abuse can include rape, sexual assault,and touching in a sexual way. Non-contact abuse can include people being forced to be photographed naked or made to let other people look at their body. Emotional/Psychological abuse: There is usually a psychological element to all forms of abuse. It may involve; The abuser acting in a calm but destructive manner, humiliating a person, treating a person as a child, and, indifference to the needs of a person. Financial abuse: This involves a persons funds or possessions being taken or used inappropriately by a third party. Institutional abuse: This can involve practices of abuse in an institutionalised environment, for example, where the rights of the person using the service are denied. This can involve, amongst other things, ignoring other forms of abuse, abuse by one or more staff member or staff misusing any power they may have over the people using their services. Self neglect and neglect by others: This is the deliberate withholding of, or intentional failure to provide a necessary level of care and support for an adult to meet his...
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...the next section. Question I: This question is about financial expenditures. (Staff FTEs are reported in Question II.) 1. Salaries In this row, include the cost of salaries, even if these are paid for centrally. Allocate salary costs by functions described below. So, the salary of a single employee may be spread over multiple functions. The salaries by function should correspond to the FTEs by function in Question II. Report the salary costs (exclusive of employment benefits, which go on row 2) of full-time, part-time, and Temporary exempt employees. EXCLUDE salaries of presidents and heads of academic units. Do NOT report all support staff under Advancement Management/Advancement Services. 2. Benefits Report the share of benefits paid by the institution for the salaries and wages reported on row 1. These benefits usually include social security; medical, disability, and life insurance; and retirement plan contributions. Professional staff benefits may also include car allowances, housing subsidies, memberships, and other perquisites. Report these even if they are paid for centrally. 3. Current Operations Expenditures (Exclusive of Salaries and Benefits) Expenditures to be included: • • • • • • postage and delivery services; telephone and personal communication devices (Blackberries,...
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...INTRODCTION Housing is both a social good, providing core security for families, neighbourhoods, societies and communities and an economic good stimulation growth and development. The country faces acute housing shortage with a deficit of over 1 million housing units in the midst of rapid population growth and rising urban population. It is common knowledge that the Housing deficit in Ghana now stands well over one (1) million houses. To address this deficit and accommodate new households, there is the need for an annual delivery of about 150,000 units for the next 20 years. GREDA PROBLEM DEFINITION The rate of construction of homes for a number of reasons has fallen behind the growth of population in general and the number of people entering the working class. This has created a big deficit in the country's housing delivery system, particularly in the urban centers. Needs assessment survey conducted in the housing sector in the 2000's was conclusive that the ideal housing properties on high demand are 2-4 bedroom houses in view of the large family size they tend to have. The trend in population growth coupled with the rising cost of building materials has shot up the prices of houses and rent chargeable is exorbitant. The size of the market for residential properties is large as it covers Ghanaian national's resident abroad. The general consensus is that the houses constructed are of poor quality and the finishing fall short of the dream houses that potential homeowners are...
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...Workplace Harassment and Violence Report Jacquie Carr, Community Researcher Audrey Huntley, Community Researcher Barbara MacQuarrie, Centre for Research on Violence Against Women and Children, University of Western Ontario Sandy Welsh, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto Names are listed in alphabetical order and reflect varied, but equal contributions to the overall project and report. We are grateful to Status of Women Canada for funding this project and for the continued sponsorship of the Ontario Coalition of Rape Crisis Centres. We also thank the members of our Advisory Committee for pushing and challenging us throughout this project. We thank the women who facilitated focus groups and helped us contact the women in this study. Finally, this report would not be possible without the contributions of the women who told us about their experiences. © 2004 Centre for Research on Violence Against Women and Children ISBN# 0-9688655-3-4 1 “To understand violence, we have to examine both the personal experience and the terrain of that experience.” Dr. Yasmin Jiawani This report is built on the personal experiences of women who have experienced workplace harassment, but their stories are also about the “terrain” or the context of those experiences. In drawing out the commonalities of their experiences, we have begun to shed light on the terrain. We must transform the terrain if women are to have equality and safety in their workplaces...
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...countries or economies that have housing policies or measures to stabilize the housing markets. Provide your views or suggestions on the best measure to stabilize the housing markets that could be considered or used in Melbourne. In 2013, Melbourne’s population was 4.3 million. By the year 2030 Melbourne’s population is set to reach 6 million and by 2051 the population will jump to 7.8 million. With population growth of this magnitude the demand on housing will undoubtedly increase. In 2014, in his opening remarks at the Bundesbank/German Research Foundation/IMF Conference, Mr Min Zhu, Deputy Director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) stated remarked: “Housing booms have different characteristics across countries and time periods. What is common is that when the bust comes, it very often damages financial stability and the real economy. The tools for containing housing booms are still being developed. The evidence on their effectiveness is only just starting to accumulate. The interactions of various policy tools can be complex. But all this should not be an excuse for inaction. The interlocking use of multiple tools might overcome the shortcomings of any single policy tool.” Indeed, as there are no magic bullets to ensure a stable housing market, it is prudent to therefore to review differing policies that are currently used by other countries to help stabilize their housing markets. In the paragraphs bellows are housing market policy examples or measures...
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...DEMAND AND SUPPLY FOR HOUSING The determination of prices in local and regional housing markets is a classic example of microeconomics in action! We are seeing the interaction between buyer and seller with prices being offered and agreed before a final transaction is made. In this section we focus on the demand and supply side factors that determine the value of properties in a market. Each housing transaction in the UK depends on a) The price that the seller is willing to agree for their property with the prospective buyer b) The actual price that the buyer is willing and able to pay. Buyers place offers for a property that the seller can either accept or reject A Sellers’ Market When the market demand for properties in a particular area is high and when there is a shortage of good quality properties (i.e. supply is scarce) then the balance of power in the market shifts towards the seller. This is because there is likely to be excess demand in the market for good properties. Sellers can wait for offers on their property to reach (or exceed) their minimum selling price. A Buyers’ Market Conversely when demand both for new and older housing is weak and when there is a glut of properties available on the market, then the power switches to potential buyers. They have a much wider choice of housing available and they should be able to negotiate a price that is lower than the published price. When the demand for houses in a particular area increases (perhaps because...
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...to live?". The object of this thesis(in depth reporting) "Sanying tribe" is considered to be unapproved construction project beside the river, and it has been being ordered to demolish since 1990. As a result, their life have been going from bad to worse. Then, they organized a self-help organization to protest themselves, and they have been getting a lot of public support for years. For solving the inhabitation problem, the government promote the Social Housing Policy , which emphasize that "rent it, not buy it", trying to reduce the cost of living. After a long-term resist, the Sanying tribe win a chance of the reconstruction plan, which is based on "Social Housing" , trying to re-build a "New Homeland" in city. This reports tried to find the answers for the following questions: 1. What the differences between the former relocation due to demolition, which called ''Public Housing of Sanxia, street Long En Bu" and the present reconstruction plan? 2. What will be the result of the combination of the "Social Housing" and " Aboriginal Tribe Reconstruction"? Does this new reconstruction plan meet the needs of the residents, especially for their cultural needs? How does this plan avoid doing the same defects as the other tribes reconstruction plan? After interviews and researches, I found that...
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...through Housing Programs Services Mary R. Flores Southeastern University Introduction Homeless veterans have consistently existed in the United States. However, just after the Afghanistan and Iraq war, the issue has become more noticeable in the news. The National Health Care for Homeless Council defines homelessness as the absence of a normal and adequate night-time place of residence. According to the ‘National Alliance to End Homelessness’ program, 49,933 of veterans and their families are currently living without having their basic needs met (National Alliance to End Homelessness, 2015). To know whether veterans participating in the Housing First program with the Housing and Urban Department-Veterans Affairs Supported Housing (HUD-VASH) receive housing services more rapidly and keep up long term housing stability, it must be compared to the Veterans in Treatment As Usual (TAU) approach to HUD-VASH. Connection to housing service programs is critical to veteran’s successful re-integration to society after deployment. This is exemplified by the success of Housing First (HF) and the different outcome of veterans who use similar program such as Treatment As Usual (TAU). The HUD-VASH program first started in 1992 as a teamwork effort between the Veterans Affair (VA) and the HUD. HUD provides housing to homeless veterans through a resident-based program named ‘Section 8 vouchers’, while the VA provides supportive services. ‘Section 8 vouchers’ are a housing subsidy...
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...but to help them. Homeless people go unseen every day, as passersby ignore their existence on sidewalks, in parks, in subway stations. Based on the U.S. Conference of Mayors report from 2008, 19 of the 25 cities reported an increase in homelessness from 2007. More specifically, 16 cities reported an increase in the number of homeless families. Also, due to the recent foreclosures crisis, homelessness has been on the rise. In the U.S. Conference of Mayor’s 2008 Report, 12 of the 25 cities surveyed reported an increase in homelessness. There were some campaigns have been done after the increasing of the population of homelessness in America. Firstly, The National Center on Family Homelessness launched the Campaign to End Child Homelessness in 2009 to ensure that not one child in America goes to sleep for one night without a home. They believe it unacceptable for any child in the United States to be homeless. The Campaign's legacy will be that all children who are homeless will have stable housing, vital support services, and the same opportunities available to more fortunate children. The campaign plans to better address the needs of homeless children, improve programs and services to meet the unique needs of homeless children. Unfortunately, according to the America’s Youngest Outcasts 2010 State Report Card on Child Homelessness the numbers of homeless children increase by more than 448,000 from 2007 to 2010; 1.6 million (one in 45 children) are homeless in 2010—that is a 38%...
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...Shelter Partnership, Inc. Survey of Special Needs Housing Projects Funded by the Housing Authority of the County of Los Angeles (HACoLA) Prepared for the Los Angeles County Community Development Commission (CDC) June 2009 www.shelterpartnership.org HACoLA-Funded Special Needs Projects Survey Table of Contents PAGE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES i ii iv PART I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Background Purpose Methodology Special Needs Housing Services Standards Findings Program Reporting and Outcomes Conclusions Next Steps 1 2 2 3 3 6 6 7 PART II. BACKGROUND AND BASIC DATA 10 9. Methodology 10. Geographic Distribution 11. Occupancy 12. Target Population 13. Waiting Lists 14. Special Needs Housing Services Standards 10 12 15 18 26 30 PART III. PERMANENT HOUSING 36 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 36 39 49 55 59 61 71 74 76 81 84 Units Reserved for Special Needs Populations Permanent Housing Services Funding Adequacy of Services in Permanent Housing Permanent Housing for Individuals Services Funding Permanent Family Housing Services Funding Permanent Housing Services Staffing Permanent Housing for Individuals Services Staffing Permanent Family Housing Services Staffing Permanent Housing Rental and Operating Subsidies Permanent Housing Operating Reserves Permanent Housing Replacement Reserves Shelter Partnership, Inc...
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...social housing. The shortage of homes after the First World War forced the Government to subsidise the first council house building programme. While the Labour Party supported general needs housing for all - the Conservatives only wanted to fill the gap created by the shortage of the war and hoped that the free market would soon pick up. Between the wars there were on-off bursts of council house building.The depression of the 1920s and 1930s led to a return to social housing as a "sanitary" policy and subsidies were only given to house people from slum clearance areas. Social housing became a welfare safety net again - until housing shortages after the Second World War - and tenant direct action - led to another building boom. Housing Policy 1915-1939 1915 Rent and Mortgage Restrictions Act: Set limits on private sector rents as a result of rent strikes 1919 Addison Act: Brings in government subsidies for council house building 1923 Chamberlain Act: No more subsidies for council house building just for private builders or building for sale 1923 Increase of Rent and Mortgage Interest: Ends rent controls on new private sector tenancies 1924 Wheatley Act: New Labour government gives higher subsidy for council house building with contribution from the rates 1930 Greenwood Act: Links council house building to slum clearance, with subsidies according to people rehoused, differential rents and new rent rebates 1933 Housing Act: Ended subsidies for general needs housing - council...
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...and clear, the spreadsheet is not controversial or subjective and so does not have much analytical value, though providing a perfect overview of the issue. It is a good source to start a deeper analysis from. Archibald, R. “Problem of Homelessness in Los Angeles and Its Environs Draws Renewed Calls for Attention”, the New York Times, January 15. In this article, Archibald discusses homelessness from political viewpoint and aims to answer why Los Angeles is the capital of homelessness in America. Taking results of different reports and quoting homeless advocates, the journalist provides interesting statistics about homelessness in the city and the measures taken as well as discredits the popular myth that homeless people come to Los Angeles from other places. The article recalls attention to the forgotten problem. Comparing and analyzing the information provided, Archibald emphasizes discrepancies in campaign promises, official homelessness reports, and commonly spread opinion and explains their political meaning. An experienced journalist, he points out what was done and what can be done more to prevent...
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