...The adult education movement flourished, during the colonial era. The earlier class, gender, and race relationships persisted, influencing education provision (Stubblefield & Keane, 1994). The 1787 Ordinance on the Northwest Territory provided for education by setting aside revenue from the sale of land to support public education (Stubblefield & Keane, 1994). This funding has continued until today, local cities, and states have used taxes from land revenue to support efforts of education. During the Jeffersonian Revolution there was a debate over how to education would look in the colonials. Slaveholders, at the time, did not want to educate their slaves or nonslaveholding white population (Stubblefield & Keane, 1994). Some of this exist still today, many of our poor whites and minorities are unable to access the quality education as the privilege society. Skills learned from Native Americans and African Americas are still used today. During colonial era, slaves were used to build and develop structures. Those structures in place not only contributed to skilled workers learning how to build craftsmanship work, additionally it leaded to jobs being created. Many of the jobs were apprenticeship which allowed for slave-owners to learn from the skills of the Africans during this time. Today formal education is in place...
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...The Impacts of Foreign Education in Obi Okonwo's Life as Depicted in No Longer At Ease Irwandi Hidayat F1F011040 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND CULTURE JENDERAL SOEDIRMAN UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL SCIENCE DEPARTEMENT OF HUMANITIES ENGLISH LANGUANGE AND LITERATURE PROGRAM PURWOKERTO 2014 Abstract This paper titled "The Impacts of Foreign Education in Obi Okonwo's Life as Depicted in No Longer At Ease" will mainly focus on finding how foreign education changes Obi's Life. This paper will explore this issue by explaining how his foreign education affected his life and what impacts it brings to Obi's life. This paper will use Post Colonialism Criticism to try to explain what happens to Obi after his foreign education. As a theoretical approach, postcolonialism asks readers to consider the way colonialist and anti-colonialist messages are presented in literary texts. It argues that Western culture is Eurocentric, meaning it presents European values as natural and universal, while Eastern ideas are, for example, inferior, immoral, or savage. What post-colonial literary criticism does is analyze literature written both by colonial powers and by those who were colonized in order to look at the cultural impact of colonization. After further analysis are done regarding the impact of foreign education in Obi Okonkwo's life, the analysis concludes that there are three main impacts that are caused by Obi's foreign education. The first is the loss of identity...
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...glory of god or in honor of their King and country. During their first days in North America, settlers did not know how to adapt to the wilderness and survive out there on their own, many of these settlers were sick or hungry. Life during the seventeenth century was harsh, there were many obstacles people had to face in order to survive. Since there were many problems, it was difficult for a family to form. Children were brought up in harsh conditions, and forced to adapt to different conditions. As time passed, settlers learned to live in the wilderness and small...
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...made the colonies more diverse. The diversity caused the colonies to be primarily divided along cultural lines. The colonist divided themselves according to their ethnic, regional, racial, and religious differences (Davidson, 2006). Because many of these immigrants had no money and no way to pay for their trip to America, they had arrived in the colonies already signed into indentured servitude (Davidson, 2006). The population increase had a significant impact on the lifestyles of the colonists in the eighteenth-century. At this time the birth rate had increased dramatically as women typically gave birth to five to eight children. This fast population increase made nearly every part of the eighteenth –century American life more frantic and hectic. Social relations in the era grew more strained, as many of the colonials found that this diversity made it impossible to form a shared and common identity. Eighteenth-century colonial societies most often divided along many social lines (Davidson, 2006). An individual’s political and legal rights determined their social class; additionally, clothing was a key factor, as well as a person’s religious affiliation and obligations. The gentry’s class had access to most money and financial power, the highest...
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...stories to be told for as long as one can remember. Before the days of bound books and magazines, there were stories that were told by people in the village around the campfires, or the bards and traveling entertainers telling stories to the court in the castles. This form of literature is labeled as oral literature. Oral literature has been around as long as there has been a language to speak. It is the stories that have been passed on from generation to generation. These stories included folklore, fables, stories about animals, or stories about brave heroes who performed a majestic deed to win the hand of his true love. They were told to both children and adults alike, because children and adults were all treated similarly during this time. In the early years of the fifth century through the fifteenth century this was the avenue for entertainment and to teach many of the lessons that they needed. Children would listen to the stories that the adults would listen to. These stories were often kept or preserved by the means of carving them into the wall of a cave, or putting them onto clay tablets, (Kiefer, 2010, p.65) Kiefer explains that some of the earliest noted types of books were Bible picture books. These books were some of the first books that children may have read. Another early book is from the Twelfth Century, called the Elucidation. This was a book very similar to what we would have as...
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...political backgrounds existent in eighteenth-century America, explain how the diverse backgrounds and views led to the Seven Years’ War and explain how the outcome of the Seven Years’ War affected me and America. All of this will be explained as you read along in this paper. In the seventeenth-century before I was born, “the colonies were becoming overrun by various, very different immigrant groups” (Davidson, J., 2006). Famine, warfare, and religious persecution forced many non-English groups to flee their homes in Europe to the American colonies. This immigration quickly increased the population and made the colonies greatly diverse in backgrounds. This diversity in backgrounds caused the colonies to be divided along the cultural lines. The colonists divided themselves according to ethnic, regional, racial, and religious differences (Davidson, J., 2006). “Since many of these immigrants had no way to pay for their trip to America, they arrived in the colonies already signed into indentured servitude” (Davidson, J., 2006). The population increase had a significant impact on the lifestyle of colonists in the eighteenth-century. “At this time the birth rate also increased with women typically giving birth to between five and eight children” (Davidson, J., 2006). My family, for example, is quite large. I have my parents, my three brothers, and my two sisters. I was thirteen years old at the time and I was the middle of the girls, the ages of my siblings ranging between...
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...filled to the brim with a rich history in athletics, education, science, politics, and the arts. What is not common knowledge is the history and richness of children's literature and how it eventually became what it is today. Just like most things, what we now know as children's literature is nothing like what it was originally, it has transformed into something else entirely. Nonetheless, it has as colorful a history as it does some of it's own books. Before children's literature was ever even written down it was given to children in a less tangible way; orally. Prior to publishers like Scholastic and Golden Books existence, the technology to write books was long and tedious, especially if the author was trying to make many copies. So instead, children's literature was told out loud where many could hear it at once and the time factor for preparation was at a minimum. Once authors had better technology to help simplify the process of physical writing, oral literature transformed into written literature. It wasn't always computers or even typewriters though, written used to literally mean written. Like the transformation from mouth to pen, pen evolved to computer which is how oral literature was transitioned away from. Oral to written is not the only change that has taken place in children's literature, the entire purpose has shifted multiple times throughout American history. The most notable three periods are Colonial America, the 1960s, and contemporary America. ...
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...benefits of female education. As Rush believed that women should be taught “geography, bookkeeping, reading, and arithmetic” (146) although he excluded needlework. He however believed that women had no need to be taught natural philosophy, advanced math, or languages such as Latin or Greek subjects he considered were for the education of men. Rush held the beliefs that the benefits that female education would lead children and the public to “wisdom in every station of life.”(147) Murray, on the other hand believed that women needed further education in order to be “self-reliant and even self-supporting.” (148) She spoke of wanting her daughters to understand “industry and order” (148) Murray constantly spoke out about women being educated in order to strive for their own independence. However, she still held the assumption that women should marry and have children. She believed that by improve education for women would cause for “better wives and virtuous Republican Mothers.”(148)...
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...‘Patriotic History’ • Patriotic History’s detractors • What is Patriotic History? • The opposition’s use of history 5 5 6 6 8 CHAPTER 2: History in secondary and higher education 11 History curriculum development in Zimbabwe’s secondary schools and higher education institutions, and the implications for reconciliation, national healing and transitional justice • The growth in education since independence • History in secondary schools • History in higher education • A review of the NASS syllabus 11 11 14 17 CHAPTER 3: Teaching history 23 Challenges of teaching history in Zimbabwe, points of contention and consensus, and future prospects • Repression in tertiary institutions • Decline in secondary schools • National youth training service centres • Reasons for optimism 23 25 25 26 CHAPTER 4: Supporting history teaching 29 Supporting secondary and higher educators, and proposals towards learning sessions, modules and activities for history teaching • Funding education • Resurgence of liberal principles • Key proposals and teaching suggestions 29 30 30 CHAPTER 5: Teaching with Becoming Zimbabwe 33 How the Zimbabwe history book can offer opportunities to support history teaching at secondary and higher levels iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY History is the study of the transformation and growth in society over time and space....
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...EDU 604 HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN NIGERIA COURSE GUIDE Course Code Course Title Course Developer History of Education in Nigeria EDU 604 Dr Samuel Amaele Guidance and Counselling University of Ilorin Kwara State Dr Samuel Amaele Guidance and Counselling University of Ilorin Kwara State Mr Akanbi G. O. Department of Educational Foundation College of Education Oyo state Dr. O. I. Salawu School of Education National Open University of Nigeria Lagos Course Writers Course Editor Programme Leader NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA ii EDU 604 HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN NIGERIA National Open University of Nigeria Headquarters 14/16 Ahmadu Bello Way Victoria Island Lagos Abuja Annex 245 Samuel Adesujo Ademulegun Street Central Business District Opposite Arewa Suites Abuja e-mail: centralinfo@nou.edu.ng URL: www.nou.edu.ng National Open University of Nigeria 2006 First Printed 2006 ISBN: 978-058-134-0 All Rights Reserved Printed by …………….. For National Open University of Nigeria iii EDU 604 HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN NIGERIA Contents Page Introduction ……………………………………………. 1 Course Aims ………………………………………………... 2 Course Objectives ………………………………………….. 2 Working through this Course ………………………………. 2 Course Materials …………………………………………… 3 Study Unit …………………………………………………. 3 Assessment …………………………………………………. 4 End of Course Examination ………………………………... 4 Summary ………………………………………………….. 4-5 Introduction To appreciate the current educational development and plan better...
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...railways.” Indeed, India’s railways act as the most enduring legacy of colonial rule. Facilitating movement of people and ideas, modern India may not be the way it is today if not for the interconnected railways across the landscape. But an argument arises from discussing the infrastructural advancements of India thanks to British rule: could India have built the infrastructure themselves, making it equal, if not better? While colonial apologists and critics argue over the effects of major infrastructural projects in the 1840s and 1850s in India, it is important to remember that without either, India and Britain would not have developed the same. Although...
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...development and spread of religious liberty, mass education, mass printing, newspapers, voluntary organizations, and colonial reforms, thereby creating the conditions that made stable democracy more likely. Statistically, the historic prevalence of Protestant missionaries explains about half the variation in democracy in Africa, Asia, Latin America and Oceania and removes the impact of most variables that dominate current statistical research about democracy. The association between Protestant missions and democracy is consistent in different continents and subsamples, and it is robust to more than 50 controls and to instrumental variable analyses. ocial scientists tend to ignore religion in the processes of post-Enlightenment modernization. In individual cases and events, the role of religious actors is clear—especially in the primary documents. Yet in broad histories and comparative analyses, religious groups are pushed to the periphery, only to pop out like a jack-in-the-box from time to time to surprise and scare people and then shrink back into their box to let the important historical changes be directed by “secular” actors and forces (Butler 2004). Yet integrating religious actors and motivations into narratives about the rise and spread of both Western modernity and democracy helps solve perennial problems that plague current research. In fact, most research on democracy and other macro historical changes has...
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...ETH / 125 April 10, 2011 Ellen McPeek Glisan Axia College of University of Phoenix Week 3: Ethnic Groups and Discrimination This first question, did African Americans get colonized or immigrate to the United States caused me to take pause and reflect on my history in a manner that I had not done before. As an African American student there were always classes in which we were taught about our history, how we came to this country as slaves, etc. But never did the question come up about whether or not we were colonials or immigrants. The concept has always been, “people of African descent have not been counted as part of America's migratory tradition. The transatlantic slave trade has created an enduring image of black men and women as transported commodities, and is usually considered the most defining element in the construction of the African Diaspora…” (Diouf, n.d., In all of the history classes taken never once was there addressed the question of whether or not African Americans come as colonials or immigrants. Interestingly enough, after extensive research there was more confusion that expected. The transatlantic slave trade is all that was generally taught, especially when I was in middle and high school which was over 40 years ago. Therefore, my initial response to this question was we were neither colonials nor immigrants, we were simply ‘property.’ Now, I’m not so sure. According to my research there were not less than thirteen migrations from Africa to...
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...1 (1970) Education is a vital weapon of a people striving for economic emancipation, political independence and cultural renaissance. We are such a people. Philippine education therefore must produce Filipinos who are aware of their country's problems, who understand the basic solution to these problems, and who care enough to have courage to work and sacrifice for their country's salvation. Nationalism in Education In recent years, in various sectors of our society, there have been nationalist stirrings which were crystallized and articulated by the late Claro M. Recto, There were jealous demands for the recognition of Philippine sovereignty on the Bases question. There were appeals for the correction of the iniquitous economic relations between the Philippines and the United States. For a time, Filipino businessmen and industrialists rallied around the banner of the FILIPINO FIRST policy, and various scholars and economists proposed economic emancipation as an intermediate goal for the nation. In the field of art, there have been signs of a new appreciation for our own culture. Indeed, there has been much nationalist activity in many areas of endeavor, but we have yet to hear of a wellorganized campaign on the part of our educational leaders for nationalism in education. Although most of our educators are engaged in the lively debate on techniques and tools for the improved instructions, not one major educational leader has come out for a truly nationalist education. Of course...
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...Indian Education System: What needs to change? What do we need to change about the Indian Education System? Education has been a problem in our country and lack of it has been blamed for all sorts of evil for hundreds of years. Even Rabindranath Tagore wrote lengthy articles about how Indian education system needs to change. Funny thing is that from the colonial times, few things have changed. We have established IITs, IIMs, law schools and other institutions of excellence; students now routinely score 90% marks so that even students with 90+ percentage find it difficult to get into the colleges of their choice; but we do more of the same old stuff. Rote learning still plagues our system, students study only to score marks in exams, and sometimes to crack exams like IIT JEE, AIIMS or CLAT. The colonial masters introduced education systems in India to create clerks and civil servants, and we have not deviated much from that pattern till today. If once the youngsters prepared en masse for civil services and bank officers exams, they now prepare to become engineers. If there are a few centres of educational excellence, for each of those there are thousands of mediocre and terrible schools, colleges and now even universities that do not meet even minimum standards. If things have changed a little bit somewhere, elsewhere things have sunk into further inertia, corruption and lack of ambition. Creating a few more schools or allowing hundreds of colleges and private universities...
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