...This paper will explore Octavian’s rise to power in government as well as his methods for retaining control over the Roman Empire. Also, I hope to discover how Octavian’s bold actions affected the population of Roman civilization. Octavius won power over the people by fighting in many wars and gaining in rank, especially in the Battle of Actium, which with victory solidified his role as a leader. He had only to gain the affection and trust of the people, so he maintained Roman traditions and befriended the Senate. Because of this tact, Octavian gained more influence over the government and people. Octavian strongly advocated for expansionism and, with the support of the senate and his army, conquered most of the countries around the mediterranean sea. Not only was Octavian a warrior, but an excellent diplomat as well. Though, as a result of his great influence over the people, Octavian was renamed as Augustus Caesar and became the first emperor in Rome. Octavian had developed a new means of government that satisfied himself and the people of Rome, and with this new empire, Octavian paved the way for later rulers to build up the might of Rome. Early Life: Gaius Octavius, who would later be known as Caesar Augustus, came...
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...or influence the behaviour of others or the course of events. Background * At first Caesar belonged to what is referred to as the First Triumvirate in alliance with another general, Pompey and Crassus, a wealthy patrician. * Caesar had forced his way to dictatorial power and destroyed the republic when Crassus died in battle and Pompey began to entertain ideas of ruling without Caesar, who by then had become dangerously popular. This resulted in a in a civil war in which Caesar defeated Pompey’s forces and entered Rome, triumphant and unchallenged. * Upon his return, Caesar made himself dictator and absolute ruler of Rome and its territories. * In 44 B.C.E. Julius Caesar ordered the senate to make him dictator for life. (Caesar’s actions threatened to end the Republic once and for all. * Fearing this change, a group of senators plotted and executed the murder of Caesar on the Ides of March. * Although the senators succeeded in ending Caesar’s life, they did not realise at that time that the Republic had died with him. Rome would now become an empire. Power Although the biggest argument in Julius Caesar is the change of power in the rulers of Rome, Shakespeare tries to show us many different kinds of power and the use of it. As we can see during the play, people with power use power just for their convenience. During the first part of the play, Shakespeare introduces the characters and the situations. He makes us notice how powerful...
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...1) The two legends are that there were brothers Romulus and Remus who were raised by a wolf. While Romulus was building a wall for Rome, Remus mocked him and got killed. Then, Romulus went on to become the first ruler of Rome. The second legend was that a Trojan hero named Aeneas sailed down the Tiber after the Trojan war and the local king gave him his daughter in marriage and he united the people. 2) They were the cruel ruling Etruscan family. 3) A republic is a state or country where the ruler is elected by the people and the citizens have the right to vote. 4) The Roman military were well-trained who were organized into legions. They were happy to fight. 5) 6,000-10,000 soldiers were in a legion. 6) The Roman Confederation was a system where people got citizenship under the Roman law. 7) A Roman dictator is a ruler with absolute control in an emergency situation. In an empire it isn't just for an emergency. 8) Cininnatus was a former consul who ran a farm. He was called to be dictated when Rome was surrounded by enemies. He surrounded the enemies overnight and stopped supplies from coming in. 9) There were the patricians and the plebians. The patricians were wealthy land-owning citizens. The plebians were the commoners, so basically everyone else. 10) The tree branches were the senate, assembly, and consul. 11) They revolted because the patricians didn't tell them the laws and the plebians couldn't run office. What happened was that the plebians got to run assembly...
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...Caesar Summary Option K Rome: Julius Caesar Principal Focus: Students gain an understanding of Julius Caesar in the context of his time. Students learn about: 1 Historical context – geography, topography and resources of Rome and provinces – overview of Roman political and social structures – overview of significant political and military developments 2 Background and rise to prominence – his family background and position – his education, early life and ambitions – paths to power: priesthoods; Marian connections; political alliances and marriages – early political career to 60 BC 3 Career – role in First Triumvirate – Gallic Wars: campaigns and tactics, siege of Alesia – relationship with his army – relationship with the Senate – role in the Civil War – political supporters and enemies – personal relationships: Julia, Cleopatra VII, Brutus, Mark Antony, Cicero – impact of personality on career; significance of his writings – dictatorship: policies and reforms – assassination: motives, manner and impact of his death 4 Evaluation – impact and influence on his time – assessment of his life and career – legacy – ancient and modern images and interpretations of Julius Caesar. 1. Historical Context Geography, topography and resources of Rome and provinces Geography and topography • Most of Italy is...
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...In 27 B.C., Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianany historians see the beginning of the Roman Empire as the golden age of Roman literature and arts, however this period would also become known for its great extravagance and imperial notoriety. It's worth taking a look at the eras leading up to the Julio-Claudian dynasty and how each period's contributions would influence the Julio-Claudian emperors. The first era in Roman history, beginning in 753 BC and ending in 509 BC, came to be known as the Roman Kingdom. The Roman Kingdom is generally accepted as the founding of Rome itself. Little is certain about the history of the Roman Kingdom, as nearly no written records from that time have survived, and the historical records that were subsequently written are largely based on legends. It is thought to have begun with the settlements around the Palatine Hill in Central Italy. It is generally thought to have ended with the overthrow of the kings and the establishment of the Republic in approximately 509 BC. The period immediately following the Roman Kingdom came to be known as the Roman Republic, which began in 509 BC and continued through 27 BC. It was during this period that...
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...And the topic I will be covering today is that of Tribunes. What il be looking at in my presentation is a little historical background at how the Tribunes came about, what they stood up for and some of the features of the Tribunes, and what role the Tribunes played in Roman society, and also look at quick Case Study that looks at a prominent Tribune in Roman history. Il begin very briefly with a quick introduction into what Tribune means in the literal sense. So the word, tribune was a title shared by elected officials in Rome. They were called Tribunes because at one time the whole body of citizens were divided into 3 parts, and one Tribune was elected from each part of the 3 Tribes. When reading about Tribunes, to a large degree, it is a constant battle between Plebeian and Patricians. On the one hand you have the Plebeians constantly fighting for equality and a political voice to be heard, and on the other hand you have the patricians trying to hold their control in society and Roman politics. There were also various different Tribunes, which included the Plebeian Tribune and the Military Tribune. The Military Tribunes were officials from each of the 3 ranks of men, the hastate, principes and triarii. The military Tribunes were initially important because before the Plebeian Tribunes were created, plebeian civilians had no else to turn to protect them so naturally they would turn to the military Tribunes for assistance, and as you will find out...
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...in the footsteps of ancient Rome’s decline?" There are many areas of similarity when contrasting the United States with the Roman Empire. The greatest nation on earth today is the United States. The main factors supporting this are that the U.S. is the economic leader in the world. At this time, the U.S. has the strongest military of any nation. There is relevance with what is happening in the United States today and what occurred during the fall of the Roman Empire. One common and provable fact is that in many ways history does have a tendency to repeat itself. Not only on a worldwide scale does this happen, but in the lives of individuals as well. After all, governments and their political entities are made up people. And as part of human nature, people are prone to make the same mistakes again and again, as the Roman Empire and the U.S. similarities and differences in the functioning of the state. The Roman Empire established a connection between the state and the people. The people were subjected respectively by pride in their country. Their pride was extremely strong in a nation who offered a stable and profound class society. They government’s hierarchy included a military emperor or Sacrificial King, senate, consuls, and the forum. The Romans also enacted a class society of peasant farmers, patricians and plebeians, who were among the higher level in the class society. Ruled by a dictator, the Roman Empire was under strict control. The early and late Roman Empire was...
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...and paradoxically to retain the traditional Roman power distribution. These reforms did not create an environment in which the Roman Republic was better off, the senate was weakened and corrupted and he failed to curtail the power that the major generals had gained through the Marian reforms. Furthermore he damaged the republic by setting a precedent for future leaders to follow when he marched on Rome with his own army, an example which would be followed by generals such as Caesar. Whilst there was a certain inevitability surrounding the fall of the Roman Republic, some scholars believe that through concerted efforts to reduce the power of the military Sulla could have saved the Republic. Sulla’s reforms, whilst they were able to be enforced by him, curbed the violence and made the Roman Republic a more civil society, however, once he was no longer around the Republic reverted back to violence and instability. This shows that these reforms lacked popular following and there was no longevity in them. Sulla’s dictatorship, though brief, made many changes to the Roman system that would not remain in place after his leadership ended. These reforms and the violent way in which they were enforced set a precedent for other generals to follow. The leadership of Sulla lasted from 82 BC till 79 BC, under his leadership there was a very substantial reform programme which included reforms to the senate, the turbinate, the courts and the way Rome’s provinces where governed. Sulla intended...
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...people in the play. It starts with Brutus being mislead by Cassius to think that killing Julius Caesar will be the best for Rome (1, 2, 32-321). Cassius is able to influence Brutus into thinking that Caesar is the same as Brutus. He says, “Brutus and Caesar: what should be in that Caesar/ Why should that name be sounded more than yours?” (1, 2, 142-143) Cassius also uses many other examples to manipulate Brutus. Later, when the conspirators gather at Brutus’ home, Brutus thinks the other conspirators are...
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... One of the main causes of the plebeian revolt was the existence of poverty among the Plebeians. The poverty was a result of the actions of the Patrician, in some ways. What happened was that the Plebs assisted the Patrician to expel the kings from Rome and led to a republican state. The fight against the kings left the plebs in a very worse off condition. Since the patricians lived in the city, during the war their property would remain secure. The city was guarded by walls. However, since the plebs lived in the countryside, which was not guarded, their property was greatly destroyed during the wars. The plebs’ fields were destroyed as much as their property. The destruction of the property and fields was possible since the Plebs men were fighting in the wars leaving their homes unprotected. So, whereas the men were fighting during the wars their properties and fields were being plundered, making them very poor at the end of the wars. So the Plebs were not happy that their properties and fields were being destroyed by the enemies, when in fact they were serving in the Roman army for the sake of protecting their country. That abject poverty and the resulting distress was one of the main causes of the revolt. The patrician did not assist in making their lives better. The second cause of the revolt was the unjust law of debt. The law of debt stipulated that the creditors could sell their...
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... · 1599, in London date of first publication · Published in the First Folio of 1623, probably from the theater company’s official promptbook rather than from Shakespeare’s manuscript publisher · Edward Blount and William Jaggard headed the group of five men who undertook the publication of Shakespeare’s First Folio narrator · None climax · Cassius’s death (V.iii), upon ordering his servant, Pindarus, to stab him, marks the point at which it becomes clear that the murdered Caesar has been avenged, and that Cassius, Brutus, and the other conspirators have lost in their attempt to keep Rome a republic rather than an empire. Ironically, the conspirators’ defeat is not yet as certain as Cassius believes, but his death helps bring about defeat for his side. protagonists · Brutus and Cassius antagonists · Antony and Octavius setting (time) · 44 b.c. setting (place) · Ancient Rome, toward the end of the Roman republic point of view · The play sustains no single point of view; however, the audience acquires the most insight into Brutus’s mind over the course of the action falling action · Titinius’ realization that Cassius has died wrongly assuming defeat; Titinius’ suicide; Brutus’s discovery of the two corpses; the final struggle between Brutus’s men and the troops of Antony and Octavius; Brutus’s self-impalement on his sword upon recognizing that his side is doomed; the discovery of Brutus’s body by Antony and Octavius tense · Present foreshadowing · The play...
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...City Paper 05/13/2016 Rome originally was a small town on the banks of the Tiber River, Rome grew in size and strength, early on, through trade. The location of the city provided merchants with an easily navigable waterway on which to traffic their goods.Greek culture and civilization, which came to Rome from Greek colonies to the south, provided the early Romans with way to build their own culture. From the Greeks they borrowed literacy and religion as well as the fundamentals of architecture. The Etruscans, to the north, provided a place for trade. Etruria was also well set for trade and the early Romans learned the skills of trade from by the Etruscans who were in the area around Rome. Early on, the Romans showed a talent for borrowing and improving upon the skills and concepts of other cultures. The Kingdom of Rome grew rapidly from a trading town to a prosperous city between the 8th and 6th centuries BC. The ruling class in Rome called themselves Optimates or “the best men” while the lower classes, were known as the Populares or “the people”. In general, the Optimates held with traditional political and social values which favored the power of the Senate of Rome and the superiority of the ruling class. The Populares, favored reform and democratic side of the Roman Republic. Early forms of the Roman religion believed that spirits were in everything around them, even people included. The first citizens of Rome also believed they were watched over by the spirits of their...
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...at Italica in Spain where his ancestors had migrated from Hadria. From there the Roman Empire would recognize two rulers: Hadrian and Trajan who had ruled before him. At a young age, Hadrian’s father passed and he became a ward of a Trajan, who was an ex-praetor at the time in Rome. Therefore, the guardianship gave a young Hadrian the opportunity to form a close connection and to learn from the future emperor. Young Hadrian’s greatest passion was the sport of hunting in which few compared to his skill. Although mostly consumed during his youth by the pleasures of hunting, Hadrian did not neglect his desires for knowledge. There was no better place for Hadrian to be then in Rome, the sphere of learning. In Rome, Hadrian indulged his mind studying among poets and intellectuals and painting or carving in studios. According to Gregorovius, Hadrian’s mastery grew to encompass all so that, “With no branch of knowledge did he remain unacquainted.” Hadrian was particularly interested in in the studies and culture of the Greeks. Hadrian was so deeply invested in learning about ancient Greece that Gregorovius states...
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...History is written by the winners, so with this logic, Shakespeare wins. Although frequently forgotten as the writer’s third genre, Shakespeare’s histories reveal insights on human action and reasoning. His other plays, such as the comedy A Midsummer Night’s Dream, include allusions to political powers of his time, but his histories always contain relevant reminders to play attendees: history has and always will repeat itself. From the battle fields of England and France, all the way to Ancient Rome, leaders of the state will take any action necessary to protect the state, other than place themselves in harm’s way, as without them, no state exists. King Henry IV fascinated Shakespeare; the author tells the man’s achievements over the course of two plays. In 1 Henry IV, the monarch faces rebellion from both Scottish...
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...The Gladiator, is a film which revolves around two main characters, protagonist Maximus Meridius and antagonist Commodus. Through the film, we are able to see the struggles and accomplishments of both these characters. We are also able to differentiate each of their own unique personalities, how they are motivated in achieving their goals and how they leave an impact on others around them. Need-Based Theories Both Maximus and Commodus are motivated differently through the many need-based theories described by Sniderman, Bulmash, Nelson, and Quick (2010). The theories as explained in the textbook, includes Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, Alderfer’s ERG theory, McClelland’s theory of learned needs, and Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory. According to Sniderman et al. (2010), Maslow’s theory suggests that people start from the bottom of needs and move up in the hierarchy and that as each need is achieved, they will no longer motivate the person. He or she would then need to move up to the next level of the hierarchy in order to be motivated, which is also known as the progression hypothesis. From the beginning of the film, Maximus was already seen at the highest level of needs, which is self-actualization (Sniderman et al., 2010). The audience never gets to see Maximus go through the different stages of needs, because the first scene of the film is already showing his victory on the battlefield. However we can see just by his character that he has already fulfilled the lower level...
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