...United States. From the beginning of the slave trade to the present times in the United States, African Americans have fought to be seen as worthy of having a place in this country. African Americans have had to work for political freedom; it was not handed to them. The African American struggle began when they forcibly became slaves in America. Even when they were declared free, they were not seen as equal to whites and had to fight for civil rights. After earning civil rights, they still had to fight to live among white people and no longer be segregated. Today, there is an ongoing struggle of racism and discrimination in America....
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...“specific references” and cite respective sources. ❖ 15 (Fifteen Points a Piece) + 5 (Five) free = 200 points. Chapter 10: • How and why did southern and northern white people differ over slavery? On what did white people of both regions agree and disagree about race and slavery? • Why did seven southern states secede from the Union within three months after Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1860? • If you were either a slave or free, would you have welcomed the secession of the southern states? How might secession affect the future of your people? Chapter 11: • What did black men and women contribute to the Union war effort? Was it in their interests to participate in the Civil War? Why or why not? • What was the purpose of the Emancipation Proclamation? Why was it issued? Exactly what did it accomplish? • Why did at least some blacks support the southern states and the Confederacy during the Civil War? Chapter 12: • What did the former slaves and the former slaveholders want after emancipation? Were these desires realistic? How did former slaves and former slave masters disagree after the end of slavery? • Why did radical Republicans object to President Andrew Johnson’s Reconstruction policies? Why did Congress impose its own Reconstruction policies? • Why did black men gain the right to vote, but not possession of land? Chapter 13: • Why was it so difficult for the...
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...Birmingham movement was a culmination of King’s ideas, theology, experiences and civil rights tactics’. How far do you agree with this statement? Martin Luther King undoubtedly played a key role in helping black people win civil rights through the Birmingham movement in 1963. However it can be argued that his leadership though effective was only partly responsible for the gains made by the campaign; as the opposition changed their tactics, Martin Luther King’s ideas and theologies were tested and therefore he was made to harness alternative strategies that had been initiated by other civil rights activists. Essentially the Birmingham movement was crafted to allow the best possible outcome. King preached a distinctive philosophy based on the teachings of Jesus and the example of Mohandas Gandhi. He believed that all Christians should love their enemies and never retaliate. Nonetheless, he also taught that Christians should stand up to injustice. Consequently, he advocated civil disobedience and direct action, insisting that protest should always be peaceful. The perseverance shown through peaceful protest won mass support from both the public and media making it difficult for Federal government to ignore demands. King involved in provoking the authorities but it can be said that the brutality stimulated from such protests was what gave King the upper hand; it provided him with the driving force to challenge the system. Peaceful protest was applied to the Birmingham movement, since...
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...What is Victimology? Tysheena Draten American InterContinental University March 25, 2012 CRJS 310-1202A-01 Abstract In this paper, the writer gives the definition of victimology along with its history and how it was developed. The writer also explains how it is different from criminology, sociology, and psychology. The writer also discusses who established the first safe houses for battered women as well as where and when those safe houses were established. The writer then goes on to tell who established the first rape crisis centers as well as when and where they were established. Next, the writer discusses how the civil rights movement contributed to anti-discrimination efforts and the establishment of hate crime legislation and policy. The writer also tells the role children’s rights groups have played in highlighting the problems child victims face in the criminal justice system. Finally, the writer provide the organizations that an individual can contact if he/she has been victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, child abuse, and homicide along with what services are not provided by government crime compensation programs. What is Victimology? Victimololgy is a sub-discipline of criminology concerned with understanding and explaining the patterning of criminal victimization (Victimology, 2008). Victimology draws together academics, activists, and policymakers from all different type of backgrounds. There are three different types of victimological thoughts...
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...How far was the leadership of Martin Luther King responsible for the gains made by the civil rights movement between the years 1955 and 1968? The leadership of Martin Luther King was heavily influential between 1955 and 1968 and his success was almost entirely down to his methods of peaceful protest, especially in the South. His philosophy of non-violent direct action helped him to project the movement across the whole of America with help from media companies, the movement gained a substantial amount of support out of sympathy when the American citizens saw the brutal treatment of innocent protestors, increasing the already large numbers of campaigners. Though his campaigns King showed sheer determination and dedication to achieving the ultimate goal of equality. His campaigns impacted all areas of American society whether that be social, political or economical, his protests had the power to affect all. King was ambitious in his ventures, in 1963, he set out to desegregate the most heavily segregated city in the country, Birmingham. Here he targeted black unemployment by provoking violence and not retaliating. After the demonstrations the process of desegregation began slowly, promises were made to end segregation in employment, department stores were desegregated and those jailed for their participation in the campaign were freed. As well as these progressions, Kennedy announced plans to pass a bill that was said to finally end segregation. The Birmingham campaign helped...
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...RESISTANCE & RACIAL JUSTICE The Civil Rights Movement was a movement that gave African Americans equal rights and freedom. One person who was important during this time was Martin Luther King, Jr. He was a strong advocate that used non-violent resistance against the racial oppression of African Americans. Racial justice is where everyone is treated equally and not discriminated against. No matter if a person has a different type of skin color, they should not be treated differently. The way King did this was speaking to people of other races. One of his well-known speeches was “I have dream.” He claimed that black people should have equal rights as the whites. “One day right there in Alabama, little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers.” Martin Luther King, Jr. wanted Americans to be unified. He wrote about six necessary characteristics of nonviolence and was inspired by Gandhi. Though these were big part of the movement, King really gave much emphasis to it by fighting for freedom, and treating people equally. Three significant aspects that he brought to The Civil Rights Movement were strength of spirit, friendship, and willingness to accept suffering without retaliation Black people bonded together during The Civil Rights Movement in 1950s and 1960s. When people were gathered in the fight for freedom, it kept their spirits strong...
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...The New Left Movement The New Left and SDS (Students for Democratic Society) emerged in 1960. They were a group of young, highly educated and highly motivated students. The SDSers came from very privileged and political backgrounds. They were definitely not your average teenagers. The members of SDS were very concerned with the state of the country and government. They wanted to end poverty, eradicate racial injustice and make the world a better place for everyone. When they first started out, the party was very efficient and organized. As the decade moved on, however, the party’s ideologies and political stance changed. They began to split over political beliefs, drug use and tactics. McAdam’s political process model states that in order to start a social movement, three things must occur. They are; structure of political opportunities, use of indigenous organizational strength and realizing cognitive liberation. The SDS started out on the same page, working to support the Civil Rights movement in the early 60’s. They published the Port Huron Statement in 1962. “They wanted a society based on participatory democracy governed by two aims; first, that individuals participate in decisions determining the quality and direction of their lives, and second, that the society be organized to encourage independence and to provide for such common participation.” After they had published their statement and had an actual list of goals and they knew exactly what they stood for, or so...
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...ways in which we live. Ever since slavery was abolished in the United States, equality has been spread amongst African Americans throughout the world. This was achieved by the African Americans themselves, with their strong effort in fighting for what they felt was right. Following their strong attempts, “A terrible price had to be paid, in a tragic, calamitous civil war, before the new democracy could be rid of that most undemocratic institution” (G. Loury, 2015). A huge part of this time period was the Civil Rights movement. This movement was led by strong leaders that helped secure equal opportunities and privileges for African Americans. Although slavery was not officially outlawed until the 13th century amendment was passed, at end of the war slaves were set free. In M. Stevens (2015), “Fasts about the Slave Trade and Slavery, The Gider Lehrman Institute of American History,” slave trade and slavery itself has been thoroughly described. Steven starts off by stating that the United States had the highest natural increase in slave population. He then goes into slave trade, and explains what a slave would go through on a normal work day. This ties into the fact of the actual cost of slaves, and how vastly it changed through the years. The following line from the text demonstrates this idea, “During the 18th century, slave prices generally rose. Though they fell somewhat before the start of the revolution, by the early 1790s… Prices rose to a high of about $1,250...
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...How effective was opposition to civil rights during the period 1955-1968? The civil rights movement had gained a lot of opposition during the campaign, however some opposition was more effective than others. There were various sources of opposition such as; the rise in black power movement, Federal opposition, State and local government opposition and the public opinion. Firstly, Federal opposition was effective at hindering the civil rights campaign because Eisenhower and JFK had hindered the campaign significantly. Eisenhower was afraid to give african americans power as he believed they would do more harm than good because they would cause resentment among americas white population. JFK also hindered the campaign by persuading campaigns to stop using violence and use peaceful protest, Kennedy knew that this would hinder the african americans campaign as Kennedy knows they will have less power and conviction in their civil rights campaign. However federal opposition wasn't that effective because the congress was in full support of the civil rights act of 1964 and the voting rights act of 196, this enabled the campaigners and the government to force desegregation laws and support voter registration. Therefore the federal opposition was effective at hindering the civil rights movement because the presidents were able to hinder the civil rights movement, while the congress managed to support it, overall the federal opposition had hindered the civil rights movement more than...
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...human rights violated. Our nation’s presidents engaged in these torturous acts of violence while hypocritically declaring the United States as the “land of the free and home of the brave.” For generations, Black Americans were denied freedom and access, which fueled the explosive civil rights movement. In this paper, I will analyze the historical context that before the civil rights era, 20th century literature and black liberation leaders and ideology, as well as its after effects and influence in the 21st century. Freedom was never granted to all. When the United States was a colony, it was severely underdeveloped and must serve...
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...Was the legislation that gave African Americans equal rights to ‘whites’ the result of famous, glorified leaders such as Martin Luther King and Lyndon Johnson or was it those who worked behind the scenes, the local groups and individuals, who set the stage for these legal amendments to be possible? The Civil Rights Movement was one of the most significant events in the modern history of the United States that has formed the basis of many of its core values and laws today. The Civil Rights Movement unofficially ended with the passing of the long awaited “1964 Civil Rights Act and the 1965 Voting Rights Act” which legally saw an end to the racial discrimination faced by African Americans. However the historiography of the Civil Rights Movement has “undergone some serious revision” since 1965 as it ‘gained popular appeal.’ Initially the Civil Rights Movement was “romanticized” and considered to be a “heroic narrative of moral purpose and personal courage by which great men and women inspired ordinary people to rise up and struggle for their rights” such as the famed Martin Luther King, who was painted as the ‘driving force behind the movement’ ,President Lyndon Johnson and Kennedy and organisations such as ‘The National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People’ (NAACP) This idea of the federal government, prominent leaders and organisations playing the defining role in the passing of these bills soon became less plausible in the 1970’s and 1980’s as the “second...
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...slaves. African Americans were brought to North America via the middle passage which originated during the fifteenth century. They were enslaved for approximately 400 hundred years until the end of the Civil War in 1865. Although African Americans were enslaved in America, they were determine to survive and one day be freed in this great country. During The African American’s journey to freedom several significant events took place which was inclusive of but not limited to: The Civil Rights Movement of 1865-1877, Separate but Equal Legislation (Plessy vs. Ferguson court case) in 1896, The Harlem Renaissance of 1920, Brown vs. Board of Education in 1954, The March on Washington Movement of 1963, and The Black Power Movement of the late 1960s and 1970. I will discuss the significance of these events in relation to the African American journey to freedom and how they have help shape American society today. THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT OF 1865-1877 Frequently when one hears of the Civil Rights Movement we automatically think of the Civil Rights events that had taken place in the 1950-1970s. However, the Civil Rights Movement actually began in the 1860-1870s immediately following the Conclusion of the Civil War. After hundreds of years of enslavement of African Americans, the Civil War was fought with the intent to abolish slavery. The winning of the...
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...many different methods used to discriminate against them. To focus on one race in particular the African American race was discriminated for a long period and was discriminated in various ways throughout this time. The longest and most prominent method used was slavery, then after slavery ended segregation was another method, and lastly African Americans not being treated equally or having the same rights was another method that was used to discriminate against the African American race. To start with, the first method that was used to discriminate against was slavery which was the most prominent and abrasive method used to oppress the black race for hundred of years. Slavery caused the black race to basically be treated as property and not a person for hundred of years and even when slavery finally ended blacks still were not treated equally and were discriminated against. Slavery was also the most brutal of methods used to oppress the black race and the longest method used to discriminate the black race. During slavery blacks had no rights what so ever and and no say in what they did because there masters told them what to do and when to do it and they had to follow their orders. Also, during slavery blacks were not able to be their full potential because they were not even considered to be people and were treated as property. Also, during slavery slaves couldn’t even stay with their families a lot of the time or their significant other so hypothetically everything was taken...
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...born to be slaves, and deserved any kind of subjugation and poverty they get along during their life. The history of racial discrimination in America began when the English colonists settled in Virginia, United States. Most of African Americans that were occupied the colonial area were either descendants of Africans custodies or immigrants. They were forced to leave their homeland and subsequently sold as slaves to farm owners in the Southern states of America. The African American slaves were despotically treated as 'personal investment properties' by their owners, because it was legally governed by the laws of individual states. Racial discrimination worsened during the 19th century as segregation, anti-black violence, and the expressions of white supremacy increased rapidly. Although, practices of slavery were eliminated during the half of 19th century, African Americans still faced injustice throughout the 20th century. Racial discrimination and segregation of society were legally exposed in public until the Great Depression came. The great depression was the catastrophic for all ethnic groups of Americans, and no ethnic group experience harsher circumstances than African Americans. During the great depression, African Americans were laid...
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...the different type of culture and races that it carries. In the process of building this land, the Americans had help from people that they brought over from Africa in which they turn into slaves. These people were called African Americans, people of color, and Negros. African Americans lived under the rule of the White American people. They served them, and did everything that they were told to do. Many did not know how to read nor did they know how to write. Living as an African American in those times was like not living at all. Many were killed, raped, and treated like animals. With the United States progressing there was another process in the making. With the help from their own people, legislatures, and many other types of movements, African Americans were able to accomplish ultimate freedom. As they came into slavery, they stayed slaves for many years. African Americans worked day and night, not as people but as property. The nation was very much divided in the 1860s because the south highly supported slavery while the north did not, and that division helped bring on the civil war. The war ended but that did not mean the winner got what they wanted. In 1865, The Thirteenth Amendment that outlawed slavery was submitted to the states, “AMENDMENT XIII Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime...
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