...decision made by the Supreme Court called the “Gun-Free Schools Zone Act of 1990,” and whether this act was constitutional. In other words, is Congress given the power by the Constitution to regulate guns in schools under the Commerce Clause? Alfonso Lopez Jr. was a twelfth-grade student at Edison High School in San Antonio, Texas. On March 10, 1992, he carried a concealed .38 caliber revolver and five cartridges into the school. When confronted by school authorities, Lopez admitted he had the weapon. He was then arrested and charged under Texas law with firearm possession on school property. This was dismissed after federal agents charged Lopez with being in violation of the Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990. This act forbids, “any individual knowingly to possess a firearm at a place that [he] knows ... is a school zone.” Lopez was found guilty following a bench trial and sentenced to six months’ imprisonment and two years’ supervised release. However, Lopez did not believe that this act was constitutional. He moved to dismiss the indictment on the grounds that the Gun-Free School Zones Act was, “unconstitutional because it was beyond the powers of Congress to legislate control over public schools” (Source 1.) The trail court denied this motion. The court ruled that it was a, “constitutional exercise of Congress’s power to regulate activities in and affecting commerce, and the business of elementary, middle and high schools ... affects interstate commerce” (Source 1.) Therefore...
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...Heller and Lopez vs. the United States: a look at Supreme Court gun law cases, rulings, and the current abuse of executive privilege under the Second Amendment. The Second Amendment to the Constitution is the right to keep and bear arms by every law abiding citizen in the United States. In this dialog, we will look at the aforementioned Supreme Court cases to better understand the limitations of the Central Governments ability to interfere with this individual right. In the case of the District of Columbia vs. Heller, the primary issue in this case was the complete ban of handguns in homes within the District of Columbia unless they are unserviceable. This case was brought by Dick Heller in an action claiming that a complete ban violates the 2nd Amendment right guaranteed to the citizens of this country. In the case of Lopez vs. the United States, Congress attempted to control where individuals could carry weapons through the invalid use and exercise of the commerce clause power. At first look into the District of Columbia vs. Heller case, the power to solicit and control gun regulation belongs to the States, not the Federal Government. The District of Columbia is not a state and therefore does not possess the authority to install gun regulations on the citizenry living there as they are residents of Maryland and Virginia and are so governed by the gun laws which exist in those states depending on which state they...
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...Starbucks Control Mechanisms SEARCH Documents 1 - 30 of 1,000 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ... 34 » Control Mechanisms Control Mechanisms Executive Summary February 1, 2006 The control mechanism for Raytheon Missile Systems and TUSD Food Services is bureaucratic while Pima Medical Institute has culture control. A control is any process that directs the activities of individuals toward the achievement of orga Premium 2 Page 344 Words Foucault and Truffaut: Power and Social Control in French Society Foucault and Truffaut: Power and Social Control in French Society Both Michel Foucault and Truffaut's depiction of a disciplinary society are nearly identical. But Truffaut's interpretation sees more room for freedom within the disciplinary society. The difference stems from Foucault's be Premium 3 Page 727 Words Starbucks Srategy 1) Starbucks used mostly a differentiation strategy, however it had also used a cost leadership strategy. Its differentiation strategy was exemplified by their stores providing an experience, offering interesting coffee-related drinks in a theatrical kind of atmosphere, their unique Coffee blending Premium 4 Page 900 Words Problems in Air Traffic Control and Proposed Solutions Problems in Air Traffic Control and Proposed Solutions In northern California this summer, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) unintentionally performed it's first operational test of "free flight"; aviation without direct air traffic control. This was...
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...Gun Control Debate By Mary Dyke, Lindsey Kjer, Stuart Moneymaker, Christina Marquez and Josh Marr BCOM/275 April 15, 2013 Gun Control Debate Gun control is a heated topic for debate right now in the United States. Many people are pro-gun control while others are against it. One fact is: “The Second Amendment only restricts the federal and state governments from imposing gun control that would completely deprive citizens of the right to defend their homes and their right to take part in defending their liberties as members of a national militia” (Charles, 2013). There is always some level of gun control. It can rise of course, but they cannot be taken away to their entirety. There are many pros to debate as well as cons. As gun control is discussed, we will come across ethical, moral, and legal issues. The Pros of Gun Control Do we not have enough gun violence occurring in today’s society that we feel the need to grant Americans permission to bear arms? Regulation of guns is a necessary action that needs to be taken in order to save lives. Gun control is an effort to stop the rise in violent crime by strengthening laws on the ownership of firearms. “According to studies, 54 percent of Americans say stricter laws would reduce the number of deaths caused by mass shootings.” Terrorism, schools shootings and other modern circumstances cannot be prevented all together; however stricter gun laws will limit the access to firearms and decrease the rate of deaths. Many...
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...Addressing Proposed Nationwide Gun Laws Scholars Roberto Del Angel, Jennifer Mitchell, Vanessa Salloum, Rachel Wright University of Texas at El Paso Table of Contents Introduction…………………………………..………………………………………………...…3Effects of Proposed Gun Laws…………………………………………..…………………......4-6Recommendations……………………………………………………………………………..7-12Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………….13References………………………………………………………………………...……….....14-15Appendix………………………………………………………………………………………...16 | Smith & Wesson Corporation Business Proposal Addressing Proposed Nationwide Gun Laws Smith & Wesson's motto intends to protect the Second Amendment gun rights from attack. Although the company has been around for nearly two hundred years, it has seen its share of challenges from ownership to financial difficulties. Today, the main concern the Smith & Wesson Corporation is facing is of a legal matter as it relates to the gun laws in the United States. Those laws regulate the sale, possession, and use of firearms and ammunition. Presently, Congress is working towards a new gun law despite the fact that statistics have shown a steady decline in our nation's violence within the last decade. So why is Congress contemplating a new law and what impact will it have on the firearms industry? The purpose of this new law is to strengthen penalties against illegal firearms purchases. While it intends to increase safety, the new law would have a financial impact on gun corporations as it might considerably...
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...INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY Criminology 100 Sociology 233 Fall 2012 Professor: Freda Adler, Ph.D. Research Assistants: University of Pennsylvania Walter Campbell Department of Criminology Ryan Gale 483 McNeil Building Marissa Mandala 3718 Locust Walk Telephone: 215-746-3620 Office Hours: Professor Adler: Wednesday, 10am-1pm For all other times, please make an appointment Teaching Assistants will have weekly office hours TBA Overview: This course examines the multi-disciplinary social science of law-making, law-breaking, and law-enforcing. It reviews theories and data that predict when, where and against whom crimes happen. In addition, it addresses questions surrounding crime prevention and punishment of offenders. The role and importance of police, courts, and prisons are critically examined. The relationship between criminology and policy-making will be highlighted. Text: Adler, F., Mueller, G.O.W., Laufer, W.S, CRIMINOLOGY, 8th edition, New York: McGraw Hill, 2013 E-mail version: TBA Additional class materials will...
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...Licensed to: CengageBrain User Licensed to: CengageBrain User This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic rights restrictions, some third party content may be suppressed. Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. The publisher reserves the right to remove content from this title at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. For valuable information on pricing, previous editions, changes to current editions, and alternate formats, please visit www.cengage.com/highered to search by ISBN#, author, title, or keyword for materials in your areas of interest. Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Licensed to: CengageBrain User Criminal Justice in Action, 7th Edition Larry K. Gaines and Roger LeRoy Miller © 2013 Wadsworth, Cengage Learning ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not...
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...TQ 3.1: In Lopez, why did Court find the Gun-Free School Zone Act to be unconstitutional? How could (and did) Congress remedy the Gun-Free School Zone Act? Why did this change to the law make it compliant with the Commerce Clause? For the first time in decades, the 1995 Lopez decision finally reigned in the Congress’s misuse of the Commerce Clause to create almost any federal law it wished usurping state sovereignty. In this decision, the teenager who was arrested and charged under the Federal School Gun Free School Zones Act of 1990 instead of a state charge challenged the law on the grounds that Congress’s use of the Commerce Clause to make a national gun law was an overreach. The Supreme Court agreed. The Solicitor General argued that 1990 Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990 affected commerce between the states in three ways. That guns in schools leads to criminal behavior thus raising insurance rates, and limits persons travelling to high crime areas to perform commerce, and that kids raised in areas of higher crime affects the economy overall....
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...seemed to divide our country as to what the people actually want. This can be evidenced through the midterm elections in November 2014 with a sweeping number of states going red, and the Republicans taking control of both houses of Congress (ABC News, 2014). It is still early to know who and how our next President will run their administration, but it will be interesting to watch how the future of federalism in our country unfolds. The purpose of this paper is to determine how special interest groups can affect the future of federalism. Special Interest Groups and Federalism Special interest groups are very important in the political realm as they are formed by individuals coming together with a shared common goal: to lobby their views to change public opinion and pass policies. The passing of these policies is where special interest groups and federalism intersect. Special interest groups can be dangerous to federalism as they can exert much influence over politicians and an issue. An example of this is the National Rifle Association which yields over 4 million members and donates millions in campaign contributions (The Washington Post, 2010). These contributions often own candidates and can result in them unwilling to work with others to make changes when it comes to gun policies. New Federalism Concepts There are three important concepts which can play a critical role in balancing the effects of special interest groups by creating a system of...
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...ECO/372 Week Four Reflection Firstly, the National Debt is passed along from generation to generation which makes it harder and harder to buy basic consumer necessities. As a result, we become a "service based" economy with a dwindling middle class to use those services. Taxes would rise, further disenfranchising the poor, causing our jails to overpopulate. Which puts China in a position to dictate and hold a gun to our heads and threaten to pull the trigger on Washington, D.C. Consumer confidence would be severely injured because this is the engine of our economy. Consumers would worry about the future of the economic stability, holding, rather than spending their money. Only when big debts and deficits begin to show hope of declining will the consumers relax and start spending again. I would establish attainable nation fiscal goals that are ambitious and commit to those goals. “By placing caps on all gov't programs, they would be forced to make budget cuts and to not spend needlessly because they will not be able to exceed the allotted cap without a penalty. I would also limit the size of government programs allowing wages to keep pace with the programs spending.” (Riddix, 2014) There's no clear cut decision to be made here, however, very hard decisions need to be made and some commitments also need to be made. Some innovating and unconventional methods should be deployed since doing the same things over and isn't working. The Richardian equivalence also known as the...
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...Assignment Step 1 – Introduction My name is Angelanne Peni and I’m here to talk to about the economic system. I will be comparing Australia’s economy to North Korea’s economy. I will also be analysing both countries GDP and Economic freedoms in each country. Lastly, I will be evaluating each economic system based on the criteria of choice and public services. Step 2 – Body paragraph 1 The economic system most resembled in Australia is mixed market economy. The economic system most resembled in North Korea is a command economy. Australia is considered to be a mixed market economy due its characteristics by private enterprise coupled with strong controlling oversight by the government and government provision of public goods such as roads. Australia's mixed market economy is a wealthy, market economy where the GDP is high and the rate of poverty is low. (Discoverwhy, 2016) In North Korea they have a planned economy, they also have a dictator. Their dictator can do whatever he wants and make whatever decisions he chooses with respect to the economy, military, etc. The inner circle around a dictator has influence over all kinds of important decisions, including economic decisions. Rather than having buyers, producers and sellers determine how much to produce or supply, such decisions are made by central planners who enforce production quotas based on some idealistic preference. This regularly leads to shortages, surpluses, misallocation of resources and poverty. ...
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...3D Printing: Manufacturing Randall Ballard, Jerry Boggs, Bol Bol, and Jiro Newton DeVry University LAS 432 Professor Lynn Wallace April 19, 2014 Table of Contents I. 3D Printing: Manufacturing – Randall, Jerry, Bol, and Jiro 4 II. How 3D Printing Works – Randall 4 a. 3D Printing or Additive Manufacturing? 5 b. Commercial Manufacturing 5 III. The Historical Development and Context of the Technology – Randall 6 c. Chuck Hall 6 i. Time line. 7 d. A 3D Printer in Every Home 7 IV. How New is the Technology? – Jerry 8 e. Is it Really Printing? 8 V. The Technology’s Potential to Disrupt Industries – Jerry 9 VI. Communicating With the 3D Printer – Jerry 9 f. The Process 10 ii. The 8-step process. 10 g. Reducing the Development Time 11 VII. Economic Considerations – Jerry 11 h. Rapid Prototyping 12 i. What Is the ROI? 12 j. Manufacturing Processes 13 iii. Economies of scale. 13 k. The Level of Interest 14 iv. Digitizing creative content. 14 v. Is it your creation? 15 l. Localization vs. Outsourcing 15 VIII. The Psychological Perspective & Social Effect – Jerry 16 m. A Paradigm Shift...
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...Arms Trafficking between the United States and Mexico: The Drug Trafficking Nexus Transnational Crime and Globalization By: Katrina T. Mason May 2, 2008 The United States is quite known for their proactive stances on the “War on Drugs”, “War on Terror”, and “War in Iraq”. Some view them as the international police and others view them as the international fiend, but it is in no doubt that the United States takes a very active stance in fighting what they believe is evil and wrong within the world. This is increasingly true for the evils that occur within its own borders such as the continued drug epidemic, domestic violence, child abuse, poverty, gangs, and prostitution (with the exception of Nevada). Unfortunately though, the United States’ stance on legal activities crossing from their own governance into neighboring states where the activity is illegal is not held with the same level of concern or dedication. A primary example of this double standard can be seen on the Mexican-United States border. This is not in reference to the debris from the giant wall being built on the Mexican border falling to the southern side, the young Americans fleeing across the borders to intoxicate themselves, or even the revolution of McDonalds springing up in towns throughout Mexico; but instead to the small arms and light weapons trafficking continually flowing down from the border states into Mexico causing alarming murder rates, economical...
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...Analysis Money is a driving force that makes the world go round. From the purchases of homes, vehicles, and even to the way we make a living, we cannot escape the importance of currency. Without it every economy in this world may just fall apart. In this article analysis we will look at the various functions of money, the Federal Reserve and its role in the United States (U.S.) money supply, as well as the evolution of bitcoins and its future or nonexistent future in the U.S. Economy. Money serves as three functions: medium of exchange, a store of value, and a unit of account. The most important function of money is a medium of exchange to facilitate transactions. Without money, transactions would have to use the barter system. The Barter System is the act of obtaining a good or service of equal value in exchange for a desired good or service. A store of value is a medium of exchange that must hold its value for a period of time such as land or art for example. Money is more liquid than the average store of value, due to it being accepted everywhere, in various denominations. Lastly, as a unit of account, money provides a common measure of value of goods and services being exchanged. The supplier and the purchaser of goods make decisions on how much to supply and how much to purchase by knowing the value or price of a good. [1] The two objectives of the Federal Reserve in managing the U.S. Money supply are price stability and full employment. Price stability is the situation...
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...of looking at the perpetrators of these violent acts, the nation needs to look at the schools and their safety measures. Schools need to be updated to allow newly developed safety measures as well as providing training for staff on emergency procedures so a person in authority will know what to do if an emergency situation arises. Children need to be taught about gun safety at an early age to help prevent any misuse of firearms. Even though undefined, violence needs to be stopped; innocent people are dying and people are scared to go to school. Key information that needs to be determined includes what type of violence is happening and why. There are many research questions to be considered to begin assessing issues behind violence in schools. The tragedies of school shootings in the USA and Canada have occurred on more than one occasion. Why wait until a series of tragedies occur rather than fixing the issue after the first incident? Some schools already provide training to teachers for gun use. Should schools provide guns to male or female teachers? Parents want to know about the impact of teachers using guns to protect students. In Canada, anybody who wants to purchase a firearm needs to get a license and present a reference letter from five people who have known the person for more than five years. A series of questions are sent to these references, kept confidential, and the government decides if the license is granted or not. The government running an examination of...
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