...Culture and Development EDU 305 University of Phoenix Culture is defined as “the customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a racial, religious, or social group.” (Merriam-Webster Dictionary) All of these factors play a role in contributing to a persons’ culture. Customary beliefs are beliefs that have always been in that group of people. Some might say that they are similar to superstitions. Some people have superstitions about ladders, or black cats, or stepping on cracks in the sidewalk. These beliefs are passed down from generation to generation and can go back to the beginning of that group of people. Material traits are traits that people have within themselves that usually relate to their racial, religious, or social group. These traits can be personality, behavioral, beliefs, etc. Every group has material traits that can be associated with them. Culture plays a big role in influencing people. Culture can start to influence people as young as infants and toddlers. The influence culture plays on infant and toddler development can vary depending on the sensitivities of the child. The three main influences that culture affects in development are security, education, and socialization. The physical and social surroundings of a child can attribute to a child feeling secure in their environment or insecure in their environment. If a child feels secure in their cultural environment, then they are more likely to venture out of their culture to...
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...Chapter 5: Culture and history The Chapter 2, 3 and 4 have considered the important influences of the environment, internal capabilities and stakeholder expectations on the development of an organization’s strategic. However, it is danger that mangers only take into account relatively recent phenomena without understanding how those phenomena have come about or how the past influences current and future strategy. Many well-established organizations such as Mitsui Group are strongly influenced by their historical legacies that have become embedded in their cultures (JSW, 2008). The business environment cannot be understood without considering how it has developed over time. The capabilities of an organization, especially those that provide organizations with competitive advantage may have historical roots and hove built up over time in ways unique to that organization. Therefore, such capabilities may become part of the culture of an organization which is difficult for other organizations to copy. However, they may also be difficult to change. So understanding the historical and cultural base of such capabilities also informs the challenges of strategic change. The powers and influence of different stakeholders are also likely to have historical origins that are important to understand. Thus, this chapter will explain the importance of history and culture in relation to strategy development in section 5.1 and 5.2; then followed by section 5.3 to address the challenges...
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...By looking at the empirical research on nature versus nurture and how it takes both nature and nurture to develop the personality, the baffling question of what influences personality development can start to be answered. The unconscious is also proven to have its influence on personality, by events sealed away in the unconscious of the mind, the influences help to develop the personality and the person to become their self. The self is the person who relates to others. It refers to a unique set of traits, behaviors, and attitudes that distinguish a person in their culture. With in every culture are influences on the personality development by the customs that dictate to how a person should act in the culture they live. There are many other influences on the personality development such as, birth order, a person’s genetics and the different ego states that are all different parts, but are the results of the one whole personality. This research paper will explain and reveal the mystery behind one person being motivated and mature and another person that is not. It contains valuable and revealing information that will explain the different influences on the development of the personality that mold a person’s personality to form one, whole and unique person. View of Personality Development Even after years of research, studies and opinions, all the theorists have not agreed on the definition of how the personality develops. Most of the personality theories, however...
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...substantially determined by the major changes occurred in the external environment in which organizations operate and in their internal environment as well. As Ulrich et al (2001) have argued the HR function was traditionally seen as a primarily executive and professional, with the HR staff focused on administering remunerations, payroll and operational functions. However, from the 1990s, a new emphasis on strategy and the importance of HR system emerged and researchers began to recognise the impact of the HR system in the company’s larger strategy (Ulrich et al, 2001). As stated before, this growth of interest in the strategic HRM has been affected by numerous dramatic competitive changes, growth of new technologies and regulatory reforms that the economic system has seen in the past decades (Boxall e Purcell 2008). Particularly, according to Bas (2012), today’s fast-changing competitive landscape requires that every company needs a clearly defined competitive strategy and in this sense, HR function can assume a strategic partnership role and be a facilitator for the implementation of the strategy. The aim of this article is to critically evaluate how both internal and external aspects of the environment influence HR strategy. In order to attain this aim, the paper will start with a brief definition of two key concepts -strategy and HR strategy- needed to understand how important the internal and external environment are in the strategy formulation process. After this, the article...
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...Abstract Research into the human personality has been conducted for many decades, and much of this work has focused on defining personality and understanding how many dimensions of personality there are. In recent years, more organizations have been using self-reporting personality tests to identify personality traits as part of their hiring or management development processes. Employers recognize that experience, education, and intelligence may not be the only indicators of who the best hire might be. Additionally, understanding one's own personality characteristics may improve one's ability to develop as an employee and manager. Therefore, it is important to understand the different facets of personality and the ways in which they can be measured. One primary area of agreement about personality is that it is a trait. That is, personality is enduring and unlikely to change substantially in one's adult life. The aim of this article is to reflect over different factors that can influence our personality. What influences our personality more? Is it our culture, genetics or our environment? I believe all of these factors influence our personalities one way or another although, one argument is that personality is neither cultural, genetics nor environmental, but, that WE determine personality. We chose - we define ourselves by our actions and our beliefs: neither of which are genetically inherited. One lifetime of experience can undo an eternity of genetics as far as personality...
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...Individual behavior and performance at work; • The nature and working of people in groups; • The nature of social structures and organization design at work; • The processes involved in adapting behavior to meet changing conditions. There is close relationship between organizational behavior and management theory and practice. Some writers suggest that organizational behavior and management are synonymous, but this is something of an over-simplification because there are many broader facts to management. Key Words: organizational behavior, external environment, individual behavior, sociological approach, organizational culture. Journal of Comprehensive Research, Volume 8, Page 14 Organisational Behavior INTRODUCTION The variable outlined above provides parameters within which a number of interrelated dimensions can be identified – the individual, the group, the organization and the environment – which collectively influence behavior in work organizations. Organizations are made up of their individual members. The individual is a central feature of organizational behavior and a necessary part...
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...Management: MBA_ 607 Lecture No.5 Organisational Culture Dr Kwasi Dartey-Baah 1 Overview What is organisational culture? How does culture develop Impact of culture Work Applications 2 1 10/17/2014 What is Organisational Culture” Organisational Culture: What is it? Organisational culture is a system of shared values, assumptions, believes and norms that unite the members of the organisation. Organisational culture is also referred to as Corporate Culture (Internal Environment). Culture is ‘how things are done around here’. It is what is typical of the organisation, the habits, the prevailing attitudes, the grownup pattern of accepted and expected behaviour (Drennan,1992). 3 Type of cultures /how culture develops Types of organisational culture Charles Handy describes four types of cultures basing his work on the earlier ideas of Harrison. (i) Power culture: This is very political, revolving around a central power source found in small entrepreneurial organisations. Few rules or procedures. Emphasis on results rather than means. Advantages: ‘proud and strong organisations’ and has ability to react well to threats or danger. Disadvantages: Only as good as their leader/s. Have problems with increased organisational size and complexity and with management succession. 4 2 10/17/2014 Type of cultures /how culture develops (ii) Role culture: Bureaucratic with an emphasis on rules and procedures...
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...culture Culture is a mode of thought and behavior that is handed down from one generation to the next. Socialization refers to the way in which people learn to conform to their society’s norms, values and roles. It also prepares a child to function from childhood to adulthood, so that the individual can interact with others according to the expectations of society. The interaction between socialization and culture is essential since “it is through the process of socialization that society teaches desirable behavior while inhabiting undesirable behavior, prepares individuals to become successfully functioning members in its principal institutional settings”(Gardiner and Kosmitzki, 2011). All the students in a given class share the common experiences of their classroom, however; within that classroom environment each student also brings the cultural sensitivities from their home environment. Due to this multicultural diversity teachers and students must work together to make the multicultural environment rich with positive experiences for children from different cultures. Culture influences children’s development. In school, culture may cause a child to be developmentally delayed or may exceed a child’s development. The child’s culture influences the way he or she behave, think and act, this can have a negative impact on the student’s ability to learn since the student will need an adequate amount of time to transition to the new classroom environment. As a teacher...
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...review examines the concepts of business ethics and how it is related to the organizational design of a corporation. The first section of this review defines the concepts of business ethics and organizational design to establish their meaning and use throughout this paper. The second aspect of understanding the relationship between business ethics and organizational design comes from understanding how and/or why ethics is important to organizational design. This will illustrate any underlying influences ethics has on business structure and design. The third section of this paper reviews and groups the literature found linking ethics and organizational design. Literature is grouped together based on the similarities found in authors’ opinions, research and/or results. The next section discusses the ideas of micro and macro ethics; first defining them, illustrating the differences and then explaining how they come into play when examining the link between ethics and design. The following sections of the review, provides examples of formal organizational structures, ethical programs, and the ethical decisions that impacted them. Finally, in the conclusion of the review it summarizes the relationship between business ethics and organizational design, how this relationship impacts business, and what this means for business managers. Introduction To sustain in a global economy, organizations must strategically decide how to divide work and activities and coordinate these...
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...Evolving Corporate Culture Report Evolving Corporate Culture Report Diversification of environment is the key to the growth in today's competitive global marketplace. No longer can America's organizations and corporations hide behind their lack of cultural intelligence. All organizations that seek global market relevancy means embracing diversity in elements such as how they perceive, think, act and innovate. Thus, they take into consideration all the factors that affect strategic planning and management. Corporate management is the process of leading, administrating and directing a company. Business tasks often performed by corporate management might include strategic planning, and managing company resources and applying them with a focus on attaining the company’s objectives. Expansion of global business space of an organization or a company can lead to amid challenges in its operations hence the need for change in corporate strategic management. For instance, the Equity Bank in Kenya was a local corporation initially but in the recent years, it has expanded its scope to other countries and states e.g. Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda and Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This has led to the need for changes in its corporate operations due to large scope. Thus, it is true that its expansion has resulted in various changes; these include; change in strategic management, change in business planning, change in controlling and financial management, change in marketing management...
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...Chapter 3 Influences in the Business Environment Personal use only Businesses operate in a dynamic, often turbulent, environment. The business environment refers to anything that affects the operation of a business. Farmers have understood the impact of the environment for centuries. The farmer has no control over aspects of the environment The business such as drought. However, the farmer can prepare for possible adversity in the environment and environment refers to quickly adapt to those changes. Effective managers are constantly monitoring the business environment to pick up any change that may impact on their business. If they pick up a change quickly and respond before their competitors, it may lead to a significant advantage to their business. This is what happened when Woolworths’ managers picked up the trend to the healthy life style before the managers of Coles. The Woolworths’ managers immediately responded by developing a focus on fresh produce, delicatessens, bakeries and dairy. Customers responded by leaving Coles and shopping at Woolworths. Now that Wesfarmers Limited has purchased Coles its managers are quickly implementing strategies to regain their competitive advantage. anything that affects the operation of the business 55 HomeThink Draw the Woolworths’ logo. What does it represent? Is it effective? 3.1 External influences The external influences from the business environment are those outside the control of a business’s managers. The...
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...http://www.sooperarticles.com/business-articles/organizational-behavior-articles 1 An Explanation of Swot Analysis And Why Your Business Needs It. SWOT analysis or 'position' analysis is a crucial exercise that all businesses should undertake at regular intervals, whether they are new or old. By: Elizabeth Cromwell Published Date: 06-28-2010 SWOT analysis or 'position' analysis is a crucial exercise that all businesses should undertake at regular intervals, whether they are new or old. It is basically a critical appraisal of the Strengths and Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats in relation to the internal and environmental factors affecting a business. SWOT very simply stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats, and the easiest form of SWOT analysis is to take a sheet of paper or Excel spreadsheet and head four columns with these four categories. Once you have done this you can begin to list things under each heading; giving you an honest in-depth analysis of your business. By undertaking a SWOT analysis a business will be able to prepare much better short and long term plans. It will also allow them to identify gaps between their actual and desired performance and aid them in closing these gaps. It is however important that you are completely honest when it comes to the negative parts of your examination for the SWOT to be an effective tool. Let us have a look at the...
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...Atonement and Sacrifice: Influences of Setting in A Prayer for Owen Meany Mark Lawrence once said, “Anything that you cannot sacrifice pins you. Makes you predictable, makes you weak.” Should one believe that this quote reigns true, then surely Owen Meany from John Irving’s A Prayer for Owen Meany was exceptionally strong. Owen’s environment influenced his ideology spuriously throughout the novel. Thus, the setting of A Prayer for Owen Meany has a profound effect upon the characters and their actions as it affects and is affected by personal development and beliefs, symbolism, and various religion themes that are present. The setting (time, place, culture) affects the character development of various individuals presented throughout A Prayer...
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...working world and its environment has always been a complex aspect to consider and as an evolving field, Human resource management has provided a collection of policies, theories and practices which help debate the importance and effect it has on how an organisation’s perform in diverse situations. This assignment will thus seek to explore through the use of models and theories brought forth by scholars; means by which people in organisations should be managed and ways by which those in managerial position could adopt in order to resolve issues in the work place efficiently. Also by using 2 main organisations (provided as case studies), the assignment further seek to bring to clarity certain similar practices shared and also expose certain contrasting means of operation between both organisation in term of: *Organisational design and structure & *Organisational Culture Brook (2003) in his findings has acknowledge the complexity that most organisations finds themselves in and rightly identifies that there are forces which not just influences an organisation but also frames it. So through the PEST model (Political, Economic, Social and Technology), it can be argued on the other side of the coin, that organisations are not only affected by their environment and its forces, however their means of operation (which is classified in other terms as organisational design and culture) can also in return influence the environment in which they operate...
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...LO1-UNDERSTANDING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORGANIZATION’S STRUCTURE AND CULTURE INTRODUCTION Organization can be defined as a collection of people who perform tasks, whether in groups or individually, but in a coordinated and controlled way by acting in a particular context or environment in order to achieve a pre-determined goal; it must be receptive to collaboration and participation of every member of staff and be committed to the changes that come out. This coordination and control is usually effected by a leader, someone capable to influence others to achieve their targets by stipulating rules and giving them enough motivation to achieve them; someone who can make sure that all the necessary resources to carry out its activities are available. All organizations must determine not only their goals, but also define the measures and forms of action and allocation of resources that they think most appropriate to achieve them. When looking for an organization there are a few points that we should take in consideration: * The current development of the organization, structure and design * How organizational behaviour is used and what types of personalities are involved * The advantages and disadvantages of the existing structure and how it affects people's behaviour * The key factors that contribute to the success (or failure) of the organization * What is the organizational culture, which has undergone changes, the motivations and attitudes which delineate...
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