...1. Lacking economy of scale (size of the company). 2. Increasing environmental awareness among customers. 1. Virgin Atlantic lacks economy of scale because of the size of the company and limited routes available. To be able to compete effectively and gain greater profits through economy of scale, Virgin Atlantic has to expand by opening new routes. The implementation of this will require strategic financial planning and adjustment of the company structure. It is likely that this process will take several years; however, this change is necessary to increase Virgin Atlantic’s competitiveness. 2. With the increased concern about the environment among customers, bio-fuel has been tested by Boeing for a few years in order to lower carbon emission caused by airplanes. Virgin Atlantic can be the first company to use bio-fuel aircrafts as the company is currently using an environmentally friendly strategy. This strategy can strengthen the brand image of the...
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...principles Strategic actions Product Policy Plants People Partnerships 6 6 7 7 8 9 9 9 Conclusion 10 Appendix 1 Excerpt from 2004-2005 Sustainability Report 11-20 Appendix 2 California GHG regulations 21 Foreword In November 2004, Ford Motor Company received a shareholder resolution from the Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility (ICCR) and the Coalition for Environmentally Responsible Economies (Ceres) and others requesting we release information specific to our greenhouse gas emissions strategy. Much of the information requested is reported annually in our Sustainability Report (formerly called the Corporate Citizenship Report), and we have excerpted the most recent Sustainability Report as an appendix to this report. However, we agreed to publish the industry's first report dedicated to the issue of climate change and its effect on our business as well as the automotive industry as a whole. While we have worked closely with ICCR, Ceres and other stakeholders throughout the writing of this report, the material contained here is is our view of this important global issue. This report has been reviewed and approved by senior management, the Office of the Chairman and Chief Executive (OCCE) as well as the Environmental and Public Policy Committee of the Board of Directors. What you will read in the following pages is a snapshot of work in progress. We will continue to work on technology, policy, marketing and product initiatives that we...
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...Packaging and purchase decisions ABSTRACT - The importance of packaging design as a vehicle for communication and branding is growing in competitive markets for packaged food products. This research utilized a focus group methodology to understand consumer behaviour toward such products and how packaging elements can affect buying decisions. Visual package elements play a major role, representing the product for many consumers, especially in low involvement, and when they are rushed. Most focus group participants say they use label information, but they would like it if simplified. The challenge for researchers is to integrate packaging into an effective purchasing decision model, by understanding packaging elements as important marketing communications tools. Propositions for future research are proposed which will help in developing better understanding of consumer response to packaging elements. Introduction: packaging at the point of sale Packaging seems to be one of the most important factors in purchase decisions made at the point of sale (Prendergast and Pitt, 1996), where it becomes an essential part of the selling process (Rettie and Brewer, 2000). Packaged food products are moving into ever larger supermarkets and hypermarkets, and there is a proliferation of products, offering consumers vast choice. The competitive context is ever more intense, both in the retail store and household. With the move to self-service retail formats, packaging increases its key characteristic...
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...Global Trade of Wood and Paper Products Abstract Global trade of wood products is accelerating amid shifting regional production of raw materials. At the same time structural change is occurring in regional production and consumption of finished and semi-finished wood and paper products. Some countries which once were major net exporters of wood products, such as the United States, have become major net importers. Conversely, China, a country that not long ago was a major net importer of wood products, is increasingly dominant as an exporter of value-added wood products such as furniture. What are the reasons behind these shifts in sources of supply and demand for wood and wood products? Direct forces such as population growth and rising socio-economic levels drive demand for wood and paper products. Increasing purchasing power in developing economies empowers consumers, both private and public, to purchase homes, furnishings and accessories. Indirect factors, such promotion of wood, strengthen demand and translate to significant gains in consumption in some markets. Consciousness of climate change and the advantages of wood for products and energy is creating a new impetus for increasing wood products consumption, including wood-derived energy products. Government and industry policies are important market drivers. Government policies can support increased utilization of wood, or can restrict wood in construction when standards favor competitive building materials...
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...The Important Concepts and Effects of A Commodity Price Change In The Malaysia Market A commodity is a raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold without qualitative differentiation across a market, such as gold or wheat. A Commodity also maintains a close universal price regardless of who produces it. The main commodities such as aluminium, cocoa, coffee, copper, corn, copper, cotton crude oil, lead, heating oil, gold, lean hogs, live cattle, natural gas, nickel, platinum, palm oil, soybeans oil, soybean, silver, sugar, tin, unleaded gas, wheat and zinc. Economic recovery will make food, metals and other raw materials more expensive in 2011, the head of the World Trade Organization said on Monday. Addressing a United Nations conference, WTO Director-General Pascal Lamy said the prices of crude oil, copper, gold, corn and soybeans would be rises most this year, with less pronounced increases in natural gas, zinc and cattle. Besides that, Frenchman said "2011 will see the prices of most commodities rise, as the rise in global GDP bolsters demand, led by emerging economies”, estimating worldwide economic output would increase 4 percent in 2011. Over 70 percent of the growth will come from commodity-intensive emerging markets. China, India and Latin America, in particular, will be acting as a 'pull' for global commodities. That’s means rising commodity prices could be a boon for countries where raw materials are grown, mined, produced and refined...
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...Market Research On Fashion & Sustainability Submitted by Ishita Bhatia Under the supervision of Jagriti Mishra Submitted to Department of Fashion Management Studies (FMS) National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT) (Ministry of Textiles, Govt. of India) GH-0 Road, Behind Infocity Gandhinagar 382007. Gujarat http://www.nift.ac.in December, 2013 Fashion & Sustainability BackGround Myth: Sustainable Fashion is just wearing natural, organic or green fashion. Truth: Sustainable Fashion is about being * Eco friendly * Socially-Responsible * Commercially feasible * Animal-Cruelty Free Sustainability and responsibility are two sides of one and the same coin. Today Apparel Industry stands as a big medium of innovation and smart up cycling. Sustainability becomes more crucial if one has to deal with it in the apparel sector in order to manage excess and wastage. This systematic research aims to find out about all the sustainable measures practiced by companies producing such articles. Acknowledgement I would generously like to thank my Mentor Jagriti Mishra for her continual support, feedback and constructive discussions. I owe my secondary research to Ebsco, DELNET Google Scholar, Nift Resource Center and Library and the whole FMS department of NIFT, Gandhinagar. table of contents Background study 3 acknowledgement 4 table of contents 5 1 INTRODUCTION 7 1.1 Statement of the problem 8 1.2 Objectives 8 ...
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...Keywords Organic food, Consumer behaviour, Spain Abstract Organic production and its consumption have grown tremendously in recent years. However, in the case of Spain demand still represents only 1 per cent of food expenditure. The main obstacle seems to be that organic food faces problems related to consumers' acceptability; lack of food availability and seasonality make it difficult to establish appropriate retailing outlets; also, higher costs of production and retailer margins jointly may result in higher prices than consumers are willing to pay for organic food attributes. Research studies have mostly elicited consumers' willingness-to-pay (WTP) for organic food through contingent valuation. Alternatively, explores, using an experimental second-price sealed-bid auction, the value that consumers place on organic food and the effect that information included on ecolabel and physical appearance have on their WTP. This methodological approach involves the use of real money and real products, which, in fact, may overcome the hypothetical bias detected in previous studies. Also discusses the effect on WTP of consumers' demographic characteristics and lifestyles, as well as attitudes towards food safety and buying behaviour. Results show, that as more accurate information is offered, consumers' acceptability of labelled organic food products increases; and that WTP is highly correlated with consumption habits variables. Consumers' acceptability of organic food in Spain Francisco...
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...A Project On Consumer Behaviour Submitted To University of Mumbai In the partial fulfillment of the B.M.S. Degree By Vivek .R. Jaiswal Roll No. 29 Uder the guidance of Prof. Furquan Shaikh Studying at Rizvi Education Society’s Rizvi College of Art, Science & Commerce Rizvi Educational Complex, Bandra (West), Mumbai Academic Year 2012-2013 Declaration I Mr.Vivek .R. Jaiswal a student of the TYBMS class, Roll No.29 of the academic year 2011-2013 studying at Rizvi College of Art, Science & Commerce, herby declare that the work done on the project entitled CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR is true and original to the best of my knowledge and my any reference used in the project is duly acknowledged. Date: Signature of Student (Name of student Vivek .R. Jaiswal) Cerificate This is to certify that Mr.Vivek.R.Jaiswal a student of TYBMS class, Roll No. 29 of the academic year 2012-2013 studying at Rizvi College of Art, Science & Commerce, has successful completed the project entitled Consumer Behaviour. Prof. Furqan Shaikh Prof. Furqan Shaikh (Project Guide) (Prof. Furqan Shaikh) External Examiner Dr.M.Z. Farooqui (Principal) . Introduction As the twentieth century has come to a close and we have move into the third millennium...
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...Resorts and Climate Change Name: Institution: Date: Resorts and Climate Change Introduction Resort business is affected greatly by different climatic conditions. The purpose of this report is to identify and discuss the potential impact of climate change on beach resorts and destination resort marinas. The report will: evaluate the fundamental issues and trends that relate to developing, managing, and operating beach resorts and destination resort marinas; outline the internal and external factors influencing the market position of property; review the social, environmental, and economic issues that relate to planning and development process of resorts; and lastly, critique sustainable practices and policies related to resorts. Wherever appropriate, particular reference will be made on resort sector particularly in Western Australia and across other coastal areas in Australia. For example, Perth is popular for beach resorts and destination marina resorts owing to its proximity to the coastline. Indeed, the region is an attractive site for tourists. According to Pham, Simmons and Spurr (2010), tourism contributes significantly the total GDP and resort business is a major economic activity in Western Australia. Development, management and operation of beach resorts and destination marina resorts: key issues and trends Most resorts in Australia are in situated in regional zones. In Australia, major development...
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...the history, mission, vision, purpose, and Sunsilk’s total brand and how company strategy manages these brands for segmentation, targeting, and positioning. This reporttells us that how company selects their segmentation, targeting and positioning strategy for aspecific product Sunsilk shampoo. This report tells that what are the pricing, promotion, and packaging strategy of Sunsilk shampoo. It also mentions that what are the version of Sunsilk shampoo launch into the market according to consumer need and evaluation The competitive strategies Sunsilk follows is also included in this report. Marketing programs and promotional activities are clearly and briefly covered in this report. Some othe significant issues such as: market leader, market challenger and market follower are identifiedclearly. Mind share, market share and heart share are also included here, which helps tounderstand about consumer perception about the product. Introduction: Sunsilk is a hair care brand, primarily aimed at women, produced by the Unilever group.Sunsilk is Unilever’s leading hair care brand, and ranks as one of the Anglo-Dutchconglomerate's “billion dollar brands". Sunsilk shampoos, conditioners and other hair care products are sold in 69 countries worldwide.Sunsilk is sold under a variety of different names in markets around the world includingElidor, Seda and Sedal. The brand is strongest in Asia, Latin America and the Middle Eastand is the number one hair care brand in Brazil, Argentina...
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...level but one business area where environment issues have received a great deal of importance is marketing. Now a days modern business houses have accepted green marketing as a part of their strategy. Green marketing subsumes greening products as well as greening firms. In addition to manipulating the 4Ps (product, price, place and promotion) of the traditional marketing mix, it requires a careful understanding of public policy processes. This paper will attempt to introduce – the terms and concept of green-marketing; about the importance of green marketing; examine some reasons that make the organizations interested to adopt green marketing philosophy; it also highlights some problems that organization may face to implement green marketing and it’s managerial implications along with few case points. WHAT IS GREEN MARKETING? So in this scenario of global concern, corporate houses has taken green-marketing as a part of their strategy to promote products by employing environmental claims either about their attributes or about the systems, policies and processes of the firms that manufacture or sell them. Clearly green marketing is part and parcel of over all corporate strategy; along with manipulating the traditional marketing mix(product, price, promotion and place) , it require an understanding of public policy process. So we can say green marketing covers a broad range of activities. According to Polonsky(1994)- green or environmental marketing consists of all...
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...COCA-COLA BUSINESS ANALYSIS PART II Angel Hale Mgt/521 Coca-Cola Business Analysis Part II This paper will take a look at the financial health of the Coca-Cola Company in comparison to two of their competitors Pepsico & Nestle. As a potential investor, this information will help provide insight on the option to move forward, while looking at technological advantages and globalization effects on the company. At the end of this paper, you will be one step closer to deciding if the Coca-Cola company’s practices, financial & operational findings are in line with a potential investor’s requirement. It has often been said that business is about finding and exploiting advantages and the goal of any business is to maximize profits. As we look into the Coca-Cola Company as a potential investor some of the things to consider are: assets and liabilities, company track record, market position and future potential within the respective market. In general an investor wants to know how attractive current assets and future projects are in order to gauge how successful they may be. One of the first items to look into will be the financial standings for the company, not only will we review the current 2011 annual report, with regards to the balance sheet, cash flow and income statements. In order to understand how efficient the company is, we will also show the comparison between two other competitors within the same niche market: Pepsico & Nestle (see exhibits A, B & C)...
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...ACE TECHZION 2K15 Implementation and explanation of the Green Building concepts PRESENTED BY Y.SAI KRISHNA 138P1A0137 Towards the implementation and explanation of the Green Building concept Y.SAI KRISHNA (1256sai@gmail.com) Abstract: The “Green Building” is an interdisciplinary theme, where the green building concept includes a multitude of elements, components and procedures which diverge to several subtopics that intertwined to form the green building concept. Generally, the green building is considered to be an environmental component, as the green building materials are manufactured from local eco-sources, i.e. environmentally friendly materials, which are then used to make an eco-construction subject to an eco-design that provides a healthy habitat built on the cultural and architectural heritage in construction while ensuring conservation of natural resources. This ensures disassembling the building components and materials, after a determined building lifetime, to environmentally friendly materials that can be either re-used or recycled. During their lifecycle, the green buildings minimize the use of resources (energy and water); reduce the harmful impact on the ecology, and provide better indoor environment. Green buildings afford a high level of environmental, economic, and engineering performance. These include energy efficiency and conservation, improved indoor air quality, resource and material efficiency, and occupant's health...
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...The economic benefits of environmental policy A project under the Framework contract for economic analysis ENV.G.1/FRA/2006/0073 - 2nd FINAL REPORT November 2009 Matt Raymenta, Elke Pirgmaierb, Griet De Ceusterc, Friedrich Hinterbergerb, Onno Kuikd, Henry Leveson Gowera, Christine Polzinb, Adarsh Varmaa a b c d GHK Sustainable Europe Research Institute (SERI) Transport & Mobility Leuven VU University Amsterdam, Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM) Institute for Environmental Studies Vrije Universiteit De Boelelaan 1087 1081 HV AMSTERDAM The Netherlands Tel. ++31-20-5989 555 Fax. ++31-20-5989 553 E-mail: info@ivm.falw.vu.nl Internet: http://www.vu.nl/ivm vrije Universiteit amsterdam Contents Executive Summary 1. 2. 3. 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 4. 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 5. 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 6. 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 7. 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 8. 8.1 Introduction Environmental Policy and the Economy Environmental Policies and Productivity Description and background Policy instruments Review of evidence from the wider literature Evidence from examples and case studies Scale of economic benefits to date and assessment of the further potential Beneficiaries and timescale Environmental Policies and Innovation Description and background Policy instruments Review of evidence Examples and case studies Scale of economic benefits Beneficiaries and timescale Environmental Policies and Employment Description and background Policy instruments Review of evidence from...
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...Coconut Oil: An introduction For about 3960 years of the of the past 4000 years of the documented historical use of the fruits of the coconut palm as a food and a pharmaceutical, the news has all been good. It was seen as a sustainable resource from which the harvested materials influenced every aspect of the lives of tropical communities, but most importantly its fruit, the coconut flesh, water, milk and oil. The use of coconut oil around the world in tropical regions is prolific: South and Central America, Africa, the Indian subcontinent, Micro-, Mele- and Poly-nesia and most of Asia. The uses are so respected that they were documented by Ayurvedic medicine in Sanskrit from 1500BC in all areas relating to the mind, body and spirit. Early European explorers including Captain Cook wrote affectionately about the beauty of communities across the Pacific using coconut oil as an integral part of their daily lives. During WWII the water of the young green coconut was successfully used as a substitute for a saline drip saving the lives of many allied soldiers. After the war, in England coconut oil was sold as "margarine" and in the USA as "coconut butter". However, this all changed in 1954. In the social environment of the USA in which coronary heart disease (CHD) was becoming the primary cause of mortality in the adult population, the young researcher David Kritchevsky published two academic papers. The initial research described the effects of feeding cholesterol to rabbits and indicated...
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