...In the professional field of psychology, social biases have become an evident part of society. The United States of America has played an important part of how each individual seeks the world and portrays diverse views. Within each culture, a melting pot affect has taken place. Every individual has been brought into the world with different views and how to encounter the world’s greatest issue with prejudices, discrimination, stereotypes. Race, gender, age, ethnicity, and religion are prime examples of biases. As a reader, one may envision prejudice, discrimination, and stereotype are the same words just used in different context; however, the definitions illustrate the opposite. According to Fiske (2010), all facets of biases include category-based responses, which are directed towards other individuals (Fiske, 2010). Social biases can negatively affect an individual’s life, employment status, and outlook and quality of life. It is important to understand and research the many reasons why social biases are negative and how to conquer and modify one’s behavior to better prepare for the future. Define the concepts of prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination According to Myers (2005), social biases are a typical occurrence in any type of group collaboration that involves negative evaluations of each group (Meyer, 2005). Many social psychologists frequently associate cognition to stereotype, affect to prejudice, and behavioral to discrimination. The first type...
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...Social Biases University of Phoenix Dr. Kinsey August 20, 2012 Social Biases In today’s society social biases can be a problem because many people may look down on another person or group. People and groups can look down on another person believing he or she is better than the other. This type of social influence that some groups may have can generate common biases. Social biases can hinder interaction between people and become very damaging to people (Fiske, 2010). “Just as aggression research reveals the basic social psychology of processes that can prove deadly, the research on bias reveals processes that are demonstrably unhealthy and sometimes deadly for both agents and targets of bias” (Fiske, 2010, p. 428). Characterizing a specific way of thinking or the way a person is being view is sometimes called bias. People’s behavior and attitude which may be influenced by judgment can be displayed as bias. Many people do not realize they are bias, because it is not common to know you the person is bias. Others may identify a person being bias but one may not realize they are bias. In this paper I will define the concept of prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination. Explain the differences between subtle and blatant bias, and identify some common bias and ways to prevent bias in today’s society. Concept of Social Bias Social Bias is “prejudice attitudes toward particular groups, races, sexes, or religions, including the conscious or unconscious...
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...Social Biases Paper Psych 555 May 5, 2013 Dr. Anthony Social Biases Paper Bias is generally described as favoring thinking of particular way, or something to watch. Being biased means attitude of that person or behavior is particularly prejudice. The person may be aware of that he is bias. Social prejudices are a social problem, because a group is looking at another individual or group as the group feels that they are superior to others. The social interaction among some groups might have to create common biases. Social biases may be very harmful and can interfere with human interaction (Fiske, 2010). Define the concepts of prejudice, stereotyping and discrimination Prejudice means feeling or having attitude towards members of a group, established solely on the basis of membership in this group. Stereotypes dealt with generalizations regarding others that usually cause display of others group predictable and typical characteristics. Discrimination means an act of a group or person against another group or person who is the prejudice subject. Stereotypes put people into groups having similar attributes or characteristics. Stereotypes have the ability to distort the perspective of a person. As soon as a stereotype becomes active, the features belong to the group, either positive or negative, they are easy to remember. Stereotypes can influence social judgments on how much a person loves another, and this behavior is normal. There was a time when because of the stereotyping...
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...personal barriers, physical barriers, and semantic barriers. As an effective manager, I will have to overcome these barriers. The first barrier that I would have to overcome is the process barrier. 1). Process barriers: The process of communication involves a sender of information and a receiver of information. Communication can be defined as the process of transmitting information and common understanding from one person to another. There has to be a common understanding in the exchange of information. This is called the process of communication. The process of communication can break down. Every step of the communication process is necessary for effective and good communication . Any step that is blocked in the process can be a barrier. The way to overcome the process barrier is to make sure that all phases of the communication process are being used effectively from the sender to the encoder, from the encoder to the decoder, and from the decoder to the receiver. The language that is being spoken must be able to be understood. That is the bottom line in overcoming the process barriers to communication. Clarity, purpose, and proper planning are important to overcoming process barriers in communication. The end of this process is for the receiver to respond or react to the sender. This is called feedback. The kind of feedback that is given will be determined by how effective the communication was or was not. 2). Physical barriers: Any number of physical distractions...
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...Bias comes in many forms, including race, age, gender, and ethnicity and can be universal or location specific (Fiske, 2010). Biased individuals believe the biases they are applying to others are right without regard for the truth (Fiske). Prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination are all somewhat similar; however, they are also very different. Each form of bias is performed by one individual or group of individuals judging another individual or group of individuals prior to obtaining factual knowledge of the individual or group (Fiske). However, each form of bias is performed with a different focus. An individual behaves in a prejudicial manner when he or she has an emotional reaction to another individual or group of individuals based on preconceived ideas about the individual or group (Fiske, 2010). For example, a White individual refusing to drink from the same water fountain as a Black individual based solely on racial bias represents prejudice by the White individual. The White individual has no factual information to support not drinking from the same water fountain; however, he or she has a preconceived idea of the Black individual and therefore refuses to use the same drinking fountain. According to Fiske (2010), stereotyping is the application of an individual’s own thoughts, beliefs, and expectations onto other individuals without first obtaining factual knowledge about the individual(s). Many times, stereotypes are created after multiple occurrences of a similar...
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...Barriers to Critical Thinking Identify two barriers that influence your critical thinking. Write 100 words for each barrier, describing them and how you can overcome them. Two barriers that influence my thinking, in particular, are media and biases. Media serves as an external barrier and is very influence as well as serving as a hindrance. I must first admit that growing up media did not have an effect on me because it was not as developed. Now it has a negative effect on me because everything is displayed on there. The Internet, for example, is a great source to find information, but it also serves as a source for us to become ignorant. I find myself using a search engine to find out everything instead of using my natural resources like finding information in a book or getting lost on a road and using a map to find directions. Social media is also another negative impact. I use social media to keep in contact with my family and friends but often there is so much information on there it would be hard not to believe. Media serves as a hindrance, and most importantly it steals from using my brain and critically thinking. Before taking this class, I noticed that I should simply limit my time on media and use other resources for the information I need. The next barrier is biases, which serves as an internal barrier. A bias is a barrier that I feel I developed when I was young. It is something that you see family, friends, and everyone else around you doing. A bias is basically...
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...Social Biases name Psych 555 date instructor Social Biases Bias comes in many forms, including race, age, gender, and ethnicity and can be universal or location specific (Fiske, 2010). It is described as favoring thinking of particular way, or something to watch. Stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination are all forms of biases because of the treatment the individual receives from others (Fiske, 2010). Bias is defined as “a particular tendency or inclination, especially one that prevents unprejudiced consideration of a question; prejudice” (Bias, n.d.). Social interactions between some groups might create common biases. Social biases may be harmful and interfere with human interaction (Fiske, 2010). Define concepts of prejudice, stereotyping and discrimination Prejudice is a baseless and usually negative attitude toward members of a group. Fiske (2010) states “prejudice entails reacting emotionally to an individual on the basis of one’s feeling about the group as a whole” (p. 429). Prejudice can be based on a number of factors including, nationality, religion, sexual orientations, age, race, and sex. The most commonly seen prejudice in society is racism, sexism, ageism, religious prejudice, homophobia, and nationalism. Every race, culture, country, and community has a stereotype. By stereotyping a group, it has become a way to oversimplifying the group. Stereotyping is often negative and exaggerated; it is a set of generalizations about...
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...Ethics week 2 Team E Week 3 Issue: Team presentation Should tolerance of homosexuality be taught in our schools without parent consent? Does this violate the fundament social responsibility of parents? Week 5 issue: Why should illegal immigrants be entitled to free education, heath care services, food stamps and an assortment of other social service benefits? Does it make sense to reward those who break the law? Individual assignment 1. 5 primary barriers and obstacles that cause us to breach our moral & ethical values 2. How do they cause you to breach your moral and ethical values - Things that cause us to do the wrong things (temptations) ex: how does self interest cause us to do the wrong things 3. What needs be done to over come those obstacles 4. Do this for each of the primary barriers Week 3 presentation: 10 points 1. Provide background on issue- extent of it taught in schools MARCELA Ex: polls, legislature, historical value 2. ID and discuss all arguments on either side of the question (broad implications of this issue) Do schools have the rights where do their rights begin and end JAMES What are the rights of the parents where do their rights begin and end JOE 3. Team conclusion- 4. Justify conclusion, why was one side more compelling than the other MIKE 20 min presentation * Construction (4 out of 10 points) * accuracy * COPY OF PPP 3 slides to each page NOTES Metaethics: understanding where do our...
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...Investors behave rationally so they earn returns from their investment in stock markets. For being a successful investor in stock market and to overcome tendencies one should have rational behavior patterns. Behavioral finance, studies the effect of cognitive, social and emotional factors on the economic and financial decisions of individuals, institutions and in turn affect the consequences like market prices, returns, and the resource allocation. The fields are primarily concerned with the bounds of rationality of economic agents. The study of Behavioral economics & finance includes how market decisions are made and the mechanisms that drive public choice, such as biases towards promoting self-interest. (Ganesan et al, 2013).Two types of biases are present. Cognitive bias is the tendency to think in a certain way, such as a rule of thumb that may or may not be true. These are the result of incomplete information or the inability to analyze information correctly like cognitive dissonance bias and self-attribution bias. Whereas emotional Biases are the result of spontaneous reactions that how individuals seek information like self-control and confirmation bias. Emotional biases are deeply ingrained in the psychology of investors and are much harder to overcome (Pompion,...
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...on the investment staff of a family office. Pompian is a Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA), a Certified Financial Planner (CFP), and a Certified Trust Financial Advisor (CTFA). He is also a member of the CFA Institute (formerly AIMR) and the New York Society of Security Analysts (NYSSA). He holds a BS in management from the University of New Hampshire and an MBA in finance from Tulane University. Pompian is a regular speaker on the subject of behavioral finance and has published several articles on the subject. He is married with three sons and can be reached at michael.pompian@mercer.com. “ Michael M. Pompian describes various biases which we can see in human beings , also tells about various experiments on human beings in his book “ BEHAVIOURAL FINANCE AND WEALTH MANAGEMENT “ and tells “HOW TO BUILD OPTIMAL PORTFOLIOS THAT ACCOUNTS FOR INVESTOR BIASES “ The book is published by John wiley and sons, inc. ,Hoboken , New jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada. The book was published in the year 2006 . SUMMARY : Understanding the use of behavioral finance theory in investing is a important topic these days. Nobel laureate Daniel Kahneman has described financial advising as a prescriptive activity whose main objective should be to guide investors to...
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...subject who might be said to preexist the deed .... There is no gender identity behind the expressions of gender ... gender is performatively constituted by the very ‘expressions’ which are said to be its results’ (Butler, 1990: p24- 25). Thus, Kee-Yoon Nahm illuminates many concepts of Butler’s work especially performativity in her writing ‘Subvert/Reinscribe: Performance Research’ (2016). She writes that ‘Judith Butler’s theory of gender performativity has greatly impacted our understanding of performances that strategically employ stereotypes of minorities in order to subvert naturalized biases of gender’ (Nahm, 2016: 92). Therefore, questioning these ‘biases of gender’ can then lead to being a barrier to learning and developing. Although, to overcome this social division, unlike Butler, Nahm believes that ‘in the case of stereotypes, performativity could explain how cultural signifiers [or social division such as gender] are mistaken for ‘truth’, but we can only examine the subversive deployment of these stereotypes in performance’ (Nahm, 2016: 92). Thus, instead, like Butler, individuals should not accept implemented on them, they should take a subversive approach towards them in order for them to be able to develop and learn in...
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...and public assistance status (Esty, et al., 1995). There are the obvious characteristics such as gender, race, religious beliefs, social class, etc.; and of course there are those characteristics that are not so obvious such as mental ability, religious beliefs, physical ability among others. It is tough to decipher those hidden qualities on an individual without knowing much about that person. For my first example I have chosen Jenna, this was very tough for me as I let my personal bias get in the way of a rational choice when I came across the decision to match a picture to the description. I was wrong! Her Drive is eminent; her commitment to succeed is unprecedented. She was able to survive drug dependency (demonstrates drive and the will to succeed) and established herself as she once had after she graduated college. Mental toughness was very important as she went through hard times after losing her mother, these hidden characteristics cannot be detected by the naked eye and most of us base our judgment on our own personal bias and stereotypes. Kim was my second choice, She too has the drive to succeed, and she was the first one of her family to attend college. Her humble origins and the opinion of others as well as their stereotypes did not stop her from pursuing her dreams. Her social status was an big hurdle she had to overcome, being one of many to come from humble beginnings it was hard to break the pattern that follows most of us. Kyle is my third and...
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...Attributional biases are a class of cognitive errors triggered by people in evaluating the qualities or dispositions of others based on incomplete evidence. A self serving bias is a cognitive bias that tends to enhance the ego and self confidence of an individual, through different processes. Since everyone wants to be strong and successful individual so most people demonstrate this one way or other. We tend to relate success to our internal attributes (hard work, intelligence, and dedication) and our failures to external attributes. If we are aware of these processes it can help us to evaluate our performance and progress more critically, and learn from our failures. In the just-world theory people believe that world is just and that the people get what they deserve. They believe that world is fair and they look for ways to explain any injustice. I think the just-world theory can lead people to not look for alternatives and try to overcome real obstacles to difficulties and problems and achieve success in life. We should make a sincere attempt to understand why things happened the way they happened and the self-serving attributes should not interfere with our desire to correct our mistakes and excel. Self-serving attributes might become self- handicapping by preventing a person to feel responsible for his/her failures. We can externalize failures and internalize success if we have self-serving attributional biases. Self-fulfilling prophecies change our actions and the actual...
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...World War Two social conditioning. Unfortunately, throughout history, propaganda and war have gone hand and hand, like two entangled serpents. To have a war that is abstractly agreeable by its population, a government needs its people behind the war. Hate, many, times is manufactured against another race to justify going to war and killing the...
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...sources, and consider how they define critical thinking. In 300-500 words, explain your own personal definition of critical thinking. Keep the following guidelines in mind: Select a direct quote from one of your resources to include in your explanation. A reference page that documents the three sources you found (and any other resources you used) is required. Remember, all outside sources must be cited both in-text and on your reference page. The articles you found in your research may influence your definition, but your own ideas should be evident. In other words, your process should be: a) Read some definitions and descriptions of critical thinking; b) Comprehend or digest the information; and c) Write your own definition of critical thinking. (Note: Do not simply reword the definitions you read. Consider a new way to explain what you understand critical thinking to be.) Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the GCU Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Refer to the directions in the Student Success Center. Critical thinking has many benefits. It identifies the elements that are sound and faulty in reasoning, sorts out sensible deductions, then defines and separates them from biases and opinions. Critical...
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