...law-abiding citizen. Teach the inmate a trade; rehabilitate the offender so he can become an asset in industrial growth. Both prison systems plans wanted obedience, order, a regular routine of labor and both systems wanted the prisoners to be isolated in some kind of way. The Eastern State penitentiary system structure had a tower in the middle similar to an octagon and all the wings went into it. Like an X with many other radiating lines. The Auburn Prison looked more like buildings. The Auburn system was known as a silent system. They called the Auburn system this because the prisoners slept alone. Under the plan it was one prisoner to a cell. The prisoners were only allowed to come together to eat and work in the prison shops together. The prisoners could not talk or even glance at each other under the Auburn System; this is why they called it the silent system. The Eastern State Penitentiary System was known as the separate system. They called the Eastern State Penitentiary System this because the prisoners were put and kept in their jail cells the entire time they spent in the penitentiary. The prisoners ate, worked and slept in confinement. During their term the prisoners were only allowed to have certain visitors. These two systems were considered the rehabilitative ideals of reform. This idealism aim was to reform during incarceration was not deterrence. These two systems were committed rehabilitate criminals in the system by routines in daily...
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...Prison life is mostly a continuous repetition of the same day, over and over again; finding a purpose and a meaning beyond punishment can be a struggle. Often people are not in prison long enough to discover anything worthwhile beyond a new set of criminal alliances. Or in other cases, people end up inside for so long that any good that might have been achieved along the way is weakened by bitterness and resentment. Prisons are the most shaming of all our public institutions, yet, the vast majority of our prisoners do not present a serious threat to life or limb. Their crimes are such that they can be more humanely, economically and effectively dealt with in the community. Nevertheless, many consider imprisonment to be the punishment of choice. They feel that when the offender is jailed, justice is served. The irony of imprisonment lies in society's expectations: the community wants retribution, as well as rehabilitation. Interestingly, for many, sending people to prison is not enough; they insist that offenders must suffer while they are in prison, but only somebody who has never been to prison would believe that jails are soft places. However, the truth is that the harsher a prisoner feels himself to have been treated, the less of an obligation he will feel to abide by society's rules, and the more likely new victims will be created after his release. Prison is designed for disempowerment. Everyone in jail is vulnerable to a greater or lesser extent. Prisoners live at the...
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...What: In the 19th century the big question that this reform movement was all about was “Are these criminals to be treated like criminals or like human beings.” Another big problem was that prisons were used as punishment for serious crimes but legislatures wouldn’t supply the prisons with the money to run them. Since they didn’t have the money to fund these prisons they couldn’t have large amounts of inmates which they did in the 19th century so instead of holding them they rehabilitate them. Since there were so many prisoners prisons had chaos and the guards were forced to use torture to keep the inmates in line. (A) WHo: Dorothea Dix had a big impact on the prison reform movement. She helped inmates who were mentally ill in the US. She believed that the prisoners were being mistreated and deserved better treatment than they were...
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...person commits a crime, punishment and rehabilitation are needed to address the problem swiftly and effectually. (Punishment vs. Rehabilitation: A Proposal for Revising Sentencing Practices, 1991). When the offender moves from prison to a step-down unit as they get closer to his or her release, they tend to have other issues other than drug and alcohol rehabilitation, and this is what causes recidivism. Research has shown that many prisoners in super maximum units experience extremely high levels of anxiety and other negative emotion. When released, often without any "decompression" period in lower security facilities, they have few of the social or occupational skills necessary to succeed in the outside world (Rehabilitate or Punish, 2003). Craig Haney, Ph.D. states, "This is what prison systems do under the emergency circumstance, they move to punitive social control mechanisms. But it's a very short-term solution, and one that may do more long-term damage both to the system and to the individuals than it solves (Rehabilitate or Punish, 2003)." Throughout this paper, I will be a discussing the strengths of punishment, and how it deters the offenders from repeating the crimes. I will also discuss the advantages of rehabilitation over punishment and how it affects the community, victim, and his or her family, effects on the offender, and finally the fiscal effect on the society. Deterrence in Crime and Its Effectiveness Developing an increase in punishment would have a...
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...within prison systems. Basically, rehabilitation programs are used to correct and rehabilitate criminal offenders so that they can emerge as useful members of society once they complete their prison sentences. Some of the rehabilitation programs that are commonly used to reform inmates include counseling, health and fitness programs, transcendental meditation, academic programs and religious programs. These rehabilitative programs are usually based on the assumption that criminal behavior in most suspects is caused by some contributing factor such as a history of violence, psychological or mental disorders. Such an assumption does not refute that some criminals make their own personal choices to break the law but rather it argues that these personal choices are usually caused by certain factors which contribute to criminal behavior. Rehabilitation programs are therefore based on such perspectives where the various correctional programs are designed to deal with criminal enforcing behavior. For example counseling programs could focus on the behavior that led to the criminal offender committing the offense while educational programs could focus on how to change negative behavior to positive behavior. Correctional programs in prison facilities are therefore important in reducing the recurrence of criminal behavior as well as reducing recidivism among probationers and parolees. In general, rehabilitation programs have been effective in reducing recidivism among prison convicts...
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...managers of these institutions to create a more acceptable environment in such industries. Employment rates for prisoners declined, and because they didn't have the necessary funds, prisons began to fall apart. Prisons were instructed to rehabilitate inmates instead of just holding them as prisoners, and new prisons were called "reformatories" or "correctional facilities" for this reason. Eventually, prisons were just places for as many prisoners to be held possible. Because there were so many prisoners, it was chaotic, and guards had to use torture to keep them in line. Dorothea Dix was an extremely influential reformer of the 1800s. Her work led to prison reform and improved treatment of the insane. In 1843 Dix sent the following report to the Massachusetts legislature: “If I inflict pain upon you, and move you to horror, it is to acquaint you with the sufferings which you have the power to alleviate (cure), and to make you hasten to the relief of the victims of legalized barbarity.” Another reformer of the 1800s was Eliza Farnham. She was appointed prison matron of Sing Sing Prison in 1844. She believed strongly in prison reform, but faced a lot of obstacles. Previously, Sing Sing Prison had been the quintessential scary "House of Fear" under several wardens, most notably Elam Lynds. A new board of inspectors, helmed by John Worth Edmonds, wanted to reform the prison and ergo appointed Eliza Farnham, a well-known philanthropist, feminist, phrenologist, and author. Farnham removed...
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...such as when you are injured. You get rehabilitation to help you fix or strengthen your injury. When we look at corrections rehabilitation is fixing a person’s mind set. Showing them what is acceptable behavior and what is not. So when we look at this type of rehabilitation we want to reeducate someone to understand that criminal behavior is wrong. Rehabilitation has been around for a while, as early, as the 1800’s in prison. The prison was trying to succeed in showing the prisoners through labor and the use of discipline to show prisoners proper behavior. Early doctors and psychiatrist found that criminal behavior was a disease. They did studies that showed a certain person of a center genetic makeup, height, weight hair and eye color. These findings would be the description of a criminal; it would be found to be false. The true era of rehabilitation from the 1950’s to 1970, in the beginning it was not taken serious and was not part of the curriculum. There was nothing defined to give direction to state facilities and there was no guidance on how to develop a program. The first type of a rehabilitation program was penology; it was a scientific method to punish people. James V. Bennett believes in the individual treatment of criminals in the penal system based on observations and perceptions. The method was adopted as a new model in corrections for this era. Another method that was tried was the Elmira system which was based on penology, but used a more scientific...
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...person commits a crime, punishment and rehabilitation are needed to address the problem swiftly and effectually. (Punishment vs. Rehabilitation: A Proposal for Revising Sentencing Practices, 1991). When the offender moves from prison to a step-down unit as they get closer to his or her release, they tend to have other issues other than drug and alcohol rehabilitation, and this is what causes recidivism. Research has shown that many prisoners in super maximum units experience extremely high levels of anxiety and other negative emotion. When released, often without any "decompression" period in lower security facilities, they have few of the social or occupational skills necessary to succeed in the outside world (Rehabilitate or Punish, 2003). Craig Haney, Ph.D. states, "This is what prison systems do under the emergency circumstance, they move to punitive social control mechanisms. But it's a very short-term solution, and one that may do more long-term damage both to the system and to the individuals than it solves (Rehabilitate or Punish, 2003)." Throughout this paper, I will be a discussing the strengths of punishment, and how it deters the offenders from repeating the crimes. I will also discuss the advantages of rehabilitation over punishment and how it affects the community, victim, and his or her family, effects on the offender, and finally the fiscal effect on the society. Deterrence in Crime and Its Effectiveness Developing an increase in punishment would have a...
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...the 1940's prisons have been organized by three models. These three models are the custodial model, the rehabilitation model, and the reintergration model. These three models have created three main goal that must be met by prison management to effectively run the prisons. These three goals are custody, working, and treating of all inmates. The effectiveness of how a prison runs weighs greatly on the shoulders of the correctional officers because they are in continuous close contact with the inmates. Prisoner life can greatly differ depending upon how effectively a prison is managed. Prisoners serve their time as members of a subculture. These prisoners live by what is known as the inmate code. The inmate code teaches prisoners that in order to survive in prison, and not be at the bottom of the inmate social structure, they must not show any emotion, that they must be fearless against other inmates and staff. Prison life greatly reduces the access to many of the goods and services they once easily obtained in the outside world. To meet their needs for these things prisoners have such illegal drugs smuggled into them and for items such as peanut butter and soap they trade what they purchase thru the commisary store. As a prisoner there are many programs and services that are offered. There are educational and vocational programs, industrial, and treatment programs. These programs are meant to help in maintaining order within the prison walls and rehabilitate a prisoner for release...
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...Rehabilitation Kiera Bendolph The University of Alabama Abstract Rehabilitation is one of the key ways to helping prisoners/criminals that are released or still incarcerated. For a successful rehabilitation three components has to come into play: Healing, Treatment, and Education. To successfully rehabilitate someone it takes a process. You have to first take into account their childhood, and how/if they were victims before criminals. Then one has to decided which treatment(s) best fits to rehabilitate that specific individual, because what treatment works for one may not work for another. Lastly, educate them, give them a sense that there is more to life than the life they are living or the one they have experienced as a child. Rehabilitation What is Rehabilitation? To a prisoner it is hope for a better life. The goal of many rehabilitation programs is to reform the prisoners from committing crimes and assisting them in normal lives without any criminal activity. So many criminals return to prison, because they were not able to settle into a normal life outside those walls. That is why rehabilitation is important for criminals. It reduces that number of repeat offenders. Rehabilitation comes with a three component process: Healing, Treatment, and Education. Healing Offenders who were abused, neglected and/or addicted to drugs as children or adults must begin a meaningful healing process either through spirituality, addiction recovery or any other programs available...
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...Purpose and History Chris Souza CJA/234 May 5, 2014 Moore When you think of the purpose of prison, what comes to mind? To house some of the world’s most notorious criminals? To rehabilitate those who has seen the evil of their own ways? Or has America's melting pot of philosophies has made it difficult to manage societal institutions? Throughout this paper the discussion of how the history of prison development was established. The history of punishment for those who committed their crimes will be in focus. We will compare the Pennsylvania system and the Auburn system to each other. Finally, the impact of prison labor overtime shall be discussed. For some the purpose of prison is to protect society from criminals who intend to harm innocent civilians. For others a prison's purpose is to rehabilitate citizens who need skills to become upstanding members of society. Still others believe that a prison provides a way for criminals to be punished and therefore pay their debt to society. Within the correctional system of America there are varying degrees of incarceration. The history of punishment in corrections of prisons can be dated back as far as 1750 B.C. One of the earliest known written codes that specified different types of offenses and punishments was the Code of Hammurabi. The Code of Hammurabi was divided into sections to cover different types of offenses and contained descriptions of the punishments to be imposed to offenders. (Lych, 2014) There were five punishments...
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...Probation System There are three theories or models of criminal justice. The first one is the retributive theory while the second is the rehabilitate theory and the last is the restorative theory. The first basically concerns itself with the punishment of people by putting them in boot camps, in order to deter their ways. Such instills discipline and fear, which in turn reduces crime. The second one believes that working with these people change their ways to reduce crime, the U.S. Penal System: Restorative and Retributive Justice. The third aims to reintroduce and reincorporate the person back into the community after retribution or rehabilitation. To begin, the first one is optimistic and believes that people are innately good such that prison cells are built so that the prisoner inside the cell can be silent. As he is silent, he can meditate on his wrong-doings. This tradition believes that then spiritual transformation may take place thus rehabilitating such person. On the other hand, the second one is pessimistic, which is why facilities were built to bring about obedience. What is done is to “instill habits of work in people, help build their skills then they will be rehabilitated. The third one, which believes that true rehabilitation, takes place when such person is allowed back into the community and is a combination of both retributive and rehabilitative theories, such as deter future and past criminals from doing a crime because the threat of incarceration...
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...Jails and Prisons Jailsand prisons Jails and Prisons As the population grows along grows crime rates and jails, prisons, and community based programs are needed to punish and make criminals responsible for his or her acts. However, criminals will receive his or her punishment accordingly to the crime and type of person he or she is. There are different levels of punishment established from jails to prisons. The four main types of correctional facilities county jail, state prison, federal prison, and juvenile facilities. County jails are used for criminals who are lawfully custody of the state and are awaiting trial. Criminals who have been convicted and have a sentence less than a year are incarcerated in a county jail. County jails are like small prisons, only county jails have work programs for inmates who demonstrate good behavior who allow a prisoner to go out to the community do a job and return at the end of his or her shift. A total institutional life is similar to an incarcerated inmate because a total institution is a place where a person lives and works him or she is away from a community for a considerable amount of time. People in a total institution place learn to live an enclosed life style surrounded by certain persons, and administrated by the people of the facility. In a total institution like jail or prison freedom is completely lost in all aspects a person loses even the privilege to have a different identity because he or she do not have access to cosmetics...
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...Jails and Prisons Alma Rodriguez CJ/204 September 20, 2011 Rey Culler Jails and Prisons As the population grows along grows crime rates and jails, prisons, and community based programs are needed to punish and make criminals responsible for his or her acts. However, criminals will receive his or her punishment accordingly to the crime and type of person he or she is. There are different levels of punishment established from jails to prisons. The four main types of correctional facilities county jail, state prison, federal prison, and juvenile facilities. County jails are used for criminals who are lawfully custody of the state and are awaiting trial. Criminals who have been convicted and have a sentence less than a year are incarcerated in a county jail. County jails are like small prisons, only county jails have work programs for inmates who demonstrate good behavior who allow a prisoner to go out to the community do a job and return at the end of his or her shift. A total institutional life is similar to an incarcerated inmate because a total institution is a place where a person lives and works him or she is away from a community for a considerable amount of time. People in a total institution place learn to live an enclosed life style surrounded by certain persons, and administrated by the people of the facility. In a total institution like jail or prison freedom is completely lost in all aspects a person loses even the privilege to have a different identity because...
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...Fyodor Dostoevsky stated that, “You can judge a society by how well it treats its prisoners”. Many prison systems in the world seem rather harsh. North America has received much criticism for having 76.6% of their ex-prisoners re-arrested within 5 years. Whereas Norway has a much superior rate, only 20% of ex-prisoners continue to be arrested within 5 years. This illustrates how the prison system of the United States is corrupt. For instance, the United States has nearly 5% of the world’s population, but nearly a quarter of that 5% is serving time in prison. The society of the United States can truly be judged, and blamed for many ex-prisoners being re-arrested, considering the annual wage of an American citizen drops an average of 40% after...
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