...Historical Paper “The era can be summed up in two words: breadlines and debt (McCabe 12).” This quote is a great description of the time period the book To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee took place. Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird is a book about a young girl growing up in a small town in Alabama. Throughout the book, there are many historical references including the Jim Crow laws, mob mentality, and the Scottsboro trials. One of the very first historical references in To Kill A Mockingbird is the Jim Crow laws. The Jim Crow laws were a set of laws that were made to separate Blacks and Whites (Pilgrim). They separated colored people from white people and made a mindset among people that white people were better than Blacks (Pilgrim)....
Words: 923 - Pages: 4
...freedom riders were people who used interstate transportation to oppose the segregation laws in the south. This film showed two different organizational issues. The issues in the film are important, and as a result some of these issues affected the outcome of history. The social pressures of this film impacted the strength of the organized freedom riders and what they desired to accomplish. The outcome of what could happen to people if they participated in this movement affected the organization and their personal decision who got involved. The legal and ethical responsibility of police are both enforced and disregarded in this film. The two organizational issue facing this period were the freedom riders who opposed racism, and the police enforcing the Jim Crow laws and upholding racism. The two organizations had very different views during this movement. The freedom riders cause was clearly stated, and people defending desegregation and equality took action. Segregation during this period, in the south, was highly enforced. The freedom riders used song to communicate and strengthen their spirits. They received mistreatment from authorities because they would not allow their spirits to be broken. The police at this time felt the riders came down to cause trouble. Their organization issue was to stop the desegregation of blacks. They felt anyone who disregarded the Jim Crow laws was breaking the law; therefore, the police had a duty to arrest many of the freedom riders. The film is...
Words: 752 - Pages: 4
...civil war the South introduced laws, which were called Jim Crow laws. These laws forced segregation of the blacks in the South. With the start of segregation of blacks the civil right movement started. The peak of segregation was during 1950s. The South promoted segregation with saying that the segregate but the facilities, which the blacks had to use were equal. This was a big lie. In this essay I try to explain the major reasons why there was segregation in the South during the 1950s. Before the American Civil War the South had a big plantation economy, where they planted rice, sugar, cotton, tabacco and the major plantation economy in the South, sugar. The plantation economy was the biggest economy in the South due to the climate and it was the closest point to Africa from the New World called USA. The short distance to Africa pushed Slavery in the USA. All the owners of the plantation had African slaves who worked for them. This changed after the Civil War when Slavery got abolished and therefore the plantation economy ended. The plantation economy ended because the whites believed that this was only a job for blacks. As I mentioned earlier was the plantation economy the biggest economy in the South but when Slavery ended the South got poor, farming rural area. Moreover the South believed in the supremacy of the white race and they were in fear when slavery ended that this system could get mixed up therefor the South introduced Jim Crow laws. Laws which segregated the blacks...
Words: 763 - Pages: 4
...As we walk through our schools and communities, we see one thing, segregation. Is this segregation caused by a corrupt society though? No. It is merely people living and socializing where they feel it is most affordable and comfortable. Individuals in society live to their own standards, producing their own living conditions. Residential segregation and school segregation are two concepts widely viewed as a result of white racism. These two notions, however, are not connected by the popular scapegoat of racism, but by the effects caused by what are suitable and appropriate living conditions for people. Residential segregation is defined as “the physical separation of cultural groups based on residence and housing,” which sorts different populations into their own sectors (Schaeffer) (1). The main “issue” of residential segregation is the wealthier white community not allowing blacks to move into their neighborhoods, which is true in some atypical cases. However, it doesn’t make sense why anyone would want to live in a neighborhood where they feel threatened or unwelcome, pertaining to the minuscule amount of neighborhoods that still practice racism. Real estate companies are assumed to sell certain properties to individuals based on race. Yet, this point is not valid. Buyers give real estate agents a budget for what they can afford and this is the factor that limits them to specific neighborhoods. Statistically, minorities’ average income is less than that of a white person...
Words: 295 - Pages: 2
...Victoria Price and Her Mother * Victoria Price – born in Fayetteville, Tennessee * Victoria lives with mother, Mrs. Ella Price – unpainted shack in Huntsville * Victoria – Confident young woman, arrogant, pretty * Victoria worked in mills – almost 10 years (Earned good money) * Known as prostitute throughout Huntsville and Chattanooga * Mrs. Russell – Neighbor of Prices’ ; Victoria cause of divorce between Mr. and Mrs. Luther Bentrum ; Caught Victoria one morning – lying in backyard unconscious with a man in her lap Plausibility of the Charges Questioned * Girls pressed no charges against Negroes – changed mind until put into custody * Victoria Price – Enjoys attention and publicity; The case meant nothing – showed no emotion and seemed unbothered by experience as long as they are charged with death penalty * Ruby Bates – Against position Victoria put her in; People at trial thought she was slow and stupid; Victoria wanted trial to hurry so death charges will be against Negroes The Trial * April 6, 1931 – 5:45 in the morning – nine Negroes locked in county jail at Scottsboro * Thousands of people from nearby countries and states – came for trial – only people with special permits allowed in The Return to Huntsville * March 25 – 10 in the morning; couldn’t find any work at mills, returned home to Huntsville – train * Met seven white boys – Ruby; did not speak to boys but Victoria talked, laughed, sang with them; Victoria declared...
Words: 546 - Pages: 3
...Kindermann 1 Catherine Kindermann Mrs. Bernard English 10 24 March 2015 Racial Segregation Do you think that racial segregation was ethical or unethical? Well during this time in American history, blacks had to follow the Jim Crow laws. They were not allowed to sit or eat with whites. Also when they finally decided to do something the bus boycott was to first thing that they turned to. I believe that racial segregation was unethical. The Jim Crow laws had a big part of how blacks were treated during this time. For example, a black male could not offer his hand or any other part of him to a white woman because he could be accused of rape (Pilgrim). Also a black male could not offer his hand (to shake hands) with a white male because it implied being socially equal (Pilgrim). Another Jim Crow law that blacks had to follow is that they couldn’t show public affection toward one another because it offended whites (Pilgrim). So blacks could not do all the same things that whites could do. Which isn’t showing that “all men are created equal?” Also blacks were not allowed to sit with or eat with whites. If a blacks and whites were allowed to eat at the same restaurant, whites were always served first (Pilgrim). Also a partition had to be placed between blacks and whites (Pilgrim). Also if a black person were to ride in a car driven by a white person, the black person had to sit in the back of the vehicle (Pilgrim). The Kindermann 2 same thing goes for when...
Words: 641 - Pages: 3
...Assignment 2: The Statutes Sara Barboza Dr. Joseph McCue PAD 525 Constitutional and Administrative Law October 18, 2015 INTRODUCTION The word miscegenation comes from the Latin words miscere (to mix) and genus (type, family, or descent) and has been used to refer to cohabitation or intermarriage between racial groups. Regulated by state law, miscegenation was illegal in many states for decades. However, interracial marriage in the United States has been fully legal in all U.S. states since the 1967 Supreme Court decision, Loving v. Virginia, that decreed all state antimiscegenation laws unconstitutional. Many states, of course, had chosen to legalize interracial marriage much earlier. According to a May 14, 2012, Huffington Post article entitled “Interracial Marriage Statistics: Pew Report Finds Mixed-Race Marriage Rates Rising,” the 1980 Census (the first to collect data on interracial marriage) reported that 3% of all married couples were from different races. The number had risen to 8.4% (one in twelve couples) by 2010. Looking at marriages recorded in the years between 2008 and 2010, we find that 22% of newly-married couples in Western states were of different races or ethnicities, compared to 14% in the South, 13% in the Northeast, and 11% in the Midwest. QUESTION 1: Analyze and evaluate each case independently by providing the following (about two paragraphs per case): LOVING V. VIRGINIA CASE. 1. Facts of the case: In 1958, Mildred Jeter, a black woman...
Words: 5896 - Pages: 24
...ruled the society. For example, Blacks had to enter through the back door (Lambert 14). There were double standards in the community. Blacks were not allowed to enter through the front door because it was only for Whites to enter from. According to James Silver, a professor at Ole Miss, “A closed society, is where citizens not only showed little awareness of a larger world, but exhibited open hostility to “outside” opinion, especially those that were at odds with Racial segregation, white supremacy, and States Rights” (Lambert 139). There is segregation within the society, open hostility to outside opinions. Prior to any beginnings of a Civil Rights movement, white supremacy and the closed society were established through Jim Crow Laws. Jim Crow Laws were created and separated...
Words: 1362 - Pages: 6
...Jim Crow During 1876 through 1965 Jim Crow Laws were created for racial segregation in the United States. The laws allowed public segregation in public facilities such as schools, restaurants, and public transportation to name a few between white and black people. These laws followed the black codes which restricted the civil rights and civil liberties of African American with no pretense of equality. Being born in Georgia had its advantages during the Jim Crow era for me as a young child. Although my father was a construction worker and my mother was a domestic worker I thought my life was set because, I was able to go to work with my mother and play with the white children that she took care of. I was also taught how to read and write. Once I school age; My mom no longer took me to work with her and so I was no longer able to play with my white friends but it didn't matter because I had made new friends that look like me. One day in class I realized that it wasn't any white people at my school I asked my teacher why and she explained that according to the laws of the state I wasn't allowed to attend school with white people. I was shocked with all of the information that she had giving me about these so called laws; That I had made up in my mind from that day forward that it didn’t matter who attended my school, I would do whatever it took for me to achieve in order for me to have a life just as good as any other race. Being determined to be better I was so...
Words: 677 - Pages: 3
...society are born out of the white race. These concepts are a direct product of the White race. It is white culture. When we give honor to these ideals we give honor to our ancestors and our White Christian culture. Is this wrong? We don't think so. Is it wrong to instill this sense of pride and appreciation for our White Christian culture in our children? We don't think so. Many people around the world can agree that America has the best government bar none. We have many more freedoms in America than anywhere else. True, there are politicians in Washington D.C. working around the clock chipping away at our liberty, but thanks to the foresight of our founding fathers America has held out the longest against the global, race mixing, homosexual, anti-Christ forces working to wipe out White...
Words: 611 - Pages: 3
...the last 100 years as a result of legislation. During the 18th century both Britain and the United States were involved in the very profitable business of trading opium; however, social reformers and many leaders disapproved of this across the world. In 1833 the first treaty on the trade of opium internationally was passed in the United States. Shortly thereafter more legislation was passed in 1842, which taxed crude imports of opium into the country. At this time the United States was outsourcing to China for labor in constructing railroads and they brought the habit of opium smoking with them. This habit...
Words: 1235 - Pages: 5
...and Their Association with Hated Minorities Opium dens and the Chinese Opium first appeared in El Paso, Texas. The Chinese immigrated to El Paso and began selling Opium to Caucasians. Although the Chinese have been smoking Opium for years, it finally became popular with the Caucasians. The business boomed because the Chinese were selling their Opium along the railroad. Almost every stop along the railroad across New Mexico and Texas had one Opium shop. The Chinese were becoming wealthy that led to a racial divide. El Paso said the Chinese were taking advantage of “fine folks”. This problem led to an ordinance in March of 1882 prohibiting excessive use of Opium. Then in July of 1882, Caucasians were prohibited of even entering an Opium establishment. I found this interesting because the government allowed the Chinese to smoke Opium way before these laws were established. They didn’t start cracking down on the issue until Opium became a problem with Caucasian railroad workers. The government showed no concern for the Chinese and yet they passed laws to target the Chinese and not punish the Caucasian males who were originally the problem. San Francisco, California was one of the first places Opium became immersed in America culture along with the Chinese people. The Chinese were isolated from Caucasians during this time, which allowed them to create Chinatown. Since the Chinese were so isolated and frowned upon, this led to opium dens. Almost every store, laundry, grocery and...
Words: 1011 - Pages: 5
...Marijuana Legalization: The War on Drugs and Criminal Law Howard R. Burke Strayer University Abstract This research will point out that the United States’ current policy on drug prohibition, the so called “War on Drugs,” is ineffective. The current draconian prohibition policies against drug consumption may actually increase their use. As well, contrary to claims made by current drug policy supporters, increased drug enforcement can reduce public safety and compound the individual and social costs of drug use. The U.S. drug policy, born over a hundred years ago, has gone through several transformations becoming more voracious with each new invocation. The War on Drugs is an expensive and failed concept which has incorporated racism in its administration, increased crime rates, imposed harsh sentences for nonviolent offenses, facilitated police corruption and aggressively eroded civil liberties. Table of Contents INTRODUCTION Introduction to the Problem Background of the Study Statement of the Problem Purpose of the Research Research Questions Significance of the Research Assumptions and Limitations Organization of the Remainder of the Study LITERATURE REVIEW CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Marijuana Legalization: The War on Drugs and Criminal Law INTRODUCTION The United States has conducted a long experiment of drug prohibition. The prohibition of marijuana and other illicit drugs has only...
Words: 5079 - Pages: 21
...CHAPTER 2. A HISTORY OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE IN AMERICA Written by: Tammy L. Anderson To appear in: Harrison, L., Anderson, T., Martin, S., and Robbins, C. Drug and Alcohol Use in Social Context. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing -1- A HISTORY OF DRUGS AND ALCOHOL IN THE UNITED STATES Introduction The purpose of this chapter is to review the history of drug use and its social control in the United States so that students can gain an improved and thorough understanding of today’s problems and policies. Our approach to this matter is sociological, i.e., exploring how the interconnection between culture, social institutions, groups, and individuals function to create drug-related phenomena. A sociological approach integrates many kinds of social, cultural, political, and economic factors that manifest themselves in everyday life. While pharmacology helps us comprehend how specific drugs impact brain activity, sociology can inform us about the social roots of drugrelated behaviors which ultimately shape beliefs and behavior and motivate social policy. Therefore, a review of drug use in the U.S. and the social response to it must consider many diverse phenomena. This broader framework will move us beyond domestic borders and into the international community, for the history of drug abuse is an international, socio-political marvel. Another idea warrants mentioning before we begin our history lesson. It centers on the idea that drug use and abuse are socially...
Words: 16400 - Pages: 66
...The Anti-Drug Campaign and the First Opium War In 1930, Chinese officials began to have growing concerns about the increasing trade of opium with the British. China’s social and economic status started to decline due to the opium trade agreement. Chinese addiction to opium became overwhelming and eventually forced China to launch Lin Zexu’s Anti-Drug Campaign in 1839. As a result, this campaign was viewed as a violation of the trade agreement with Britain and helped led to the First Opium War. China isolated themselves from the western world, believing they didn’t need anything from foreign trade. For eight decades, the only port that China opened was called the Canton System. The problem was China only wanted silver in exchange for their exports to Europe. Unfortunately, Europe only traded in gold and silver was hard to come by. Desperate to resolve the foreign trade, Britain realized they can acquire such a commodity in opium from India to exchange for exports in China. The trade of India’s opium started as a medical drug in the early 1800’s between China and Britain. Eventually, it triggered massive dependences throughout China’s society that affected the rich and poor equally. Before long, the demand for the drug was overwhelming, resulting in China importing more opium than exporting trades. Thus, resulting in an imbalanced foreign trade and stability of China’s society. A decree issued in 1810 from the Chinese Emperor stating, “Opium is a poison, undermining our good...
Words: 1788 - Pages: 8
