...-Describe the nature of the event: A sophisticated intrusion was detected in the company’s financial records that encompassed multiple stealthy tactics, leaving the company in a predicament they never would have imagined. A financial auditor performing their daily tasks identified an error within the company’s financial amounts. They identified that multiple paychecks with modified amounts were sent to an individual. In their attempts to notify appropriate personnel via email, the emails were sniffed; modified and fictitious communications were conducted between the auditor and the attacker. The attacker was then able to gain additional access into more financial records, whereby more modifications were conducted; to include the presidents and other’s salary and then took those deductions and added them to their paycheck. IT personnel were able to identify that an internal system was conducting a man-in-the-middle attack by spoofing an internal Internet Protocol address, whereby all traffic that was sent to a specific location was involuntarily sent to another system. The culprit was lack of access controls, central reporting systems, authentication controls, and a lack of host based intrusion prevention systems. These controls and systems would have prevented this type or at minimal detected this type of attack and could have saved the company many hours of labor costs. -Identify who needs to be notified based on the type and severity of the incident: In incidents such as...
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...Running head: Subcultures in Law Enforcement & Corrections Subculture in Law Enforcement & Corrections Gonzalo Gracia Liberty University Abstract I will be discussing the nine correctional officer’s subculture norms indentified by Kelsey Kauffman and the six stressors identified by Elizabeth Grossi and Bruce Berg.; also, my view of the idea of an unwritten code of conduct governing the behavior of police and correctional officers. I will answer the question on what I would do if I saw my partner beating on a prisoner in handcuffs. Finally, I will answer the dilemma question on how I would handle the situation. The nine norms are identified by the correctional officer are as follows: 1. Always go to the aid of an officer in distress 2. Do not “lug” drugs 3. Do not “rat” 4. Never make another officer look bad in front of inmates 5. Always support an officer in a dispute with an inmate 6. Always support officer sanctions against inmates 7. Do not be a “white hat” (denotes any behavior suggesting sympathy for or identification with inmates) 8. Maintain officer solidarity against all outside groups 9. Show positive concern for other officers [ (Carlson, 2004) ] I believe it’s a great that they have these norms in place. The only people you can count on are the people that you are working along with. They are the only ones that can help you when you are in trouble and understand what you are going through. As a police officer, we follow pretty much the same norms....
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...through DNA testing. There have been 260 exonerations across the country based on forensic DNA testing with 3 out of 4 involving cases of eyewitness misidentification. (Innocence Project 1999) In 1907 or 1908, Hugo Munsterberg published “On the Witness Stand”; he questioned the reliability of eyewitness identification. As recent as 30 or 40 years ago, the Supreme Court acknowledged that eyewitness identification is problematic and can lead to wrongful convictions. The Supreme Court instructed lower courts to determine the validity of eyewitness testimony based on irrelevant factors, like the certainty of the witness, the certainty you express in court during the trial has nothing to do with how certain you feel two days after the event when you pick a photograph out of a set or pick the suspect out of a lineup. It has been said that you become more certain over time. (The Confidential Resource September 15, 2010) An eyewitness viewing a simultaneous lineup tends to make a judgment about which individual in the lineup looks most like the perpetrator relative to the other members of the lineup. This is particularly problematic when a lineup only contains innocent people. Research has shown that the effective use of fillers when composing a lineup can help combat the tendency for the relative judgment process to lead to the identification of an...
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...robbery in Cleveland, Ohio to which a store clerk, (DeWayne Jacobs, 57 years old) was shot in the head and killed during the robbery. The two suspects fled out of the store and was seen getting into a van on the passenger side in the alley behind the store. Since the two that came out of the store got into the passenger side of the van that would indicate that there are at least three suspects involved in the crime. Detective Tim Entenok and Detective Kathleen Carlin of the Cleveland Police Department are called in to investigate the homicide. Delialah Turner worked at the store and lived above the store. During the investigation the detectives find that there has been other robberies around that convenience store which resulted in another murder during one of the other robberies. There was a surveillance camera in the store where the detectives were able to get still pictures of the suspects and gave it the news stations to put out on the air. The move paid off because the detectives received an anonymous tip of who one of the suspects was. The first suspect was identified as 25 year old Steven Mongo. After 6 week of searching for him, police officers were finally able to track him down and bring into homicide so Det. Entenok and Det. Carlin could interrogate him. Det. Carlin starts off the interrogation by telling the suspect that his name has come up in their investigation. The suspect (Steven Mongo) points at himself and says not me. Det. Carlin tells Steven that he...
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...-Describe the nature of the event: A highly technical interference was discovered in the organization's financial reports that rounds off several stealthy methods which puts the company at great risk. This discovery was as a result of an audit carried out by professionals on a routine basis. They noticed that many paychecks which had been doctored were made to a particular person. In a bid to notify the right personnel through mail, the mails were intercepted and fraudulent communications were between the auditor and the attacker. Through this the attacker then gained access to a lot of financial records and altered them; adding the name of the president and that of others in order to deduct money from theirs to add to their own paycheck. However the IT personnel was able to dictate that an internal system had done a middle man attack through an internal internet Protocol address, whereby all traffic meant for a particular location was sent to another system unknowingly. The suspect didn't have the right access control central reporting systems, authentication controls, and a lack of host based intrusion prevention systems. These controls and systems are actually meant to act as guide against this kind of attack and save the company several hours of labor costs. -Who should be notified? In cases like this, the top hierarchy should be alerted and kept informed of the casewhen any move is made becauseeverything stops at their table. The Computer Emergency Response Team or...
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...The Zodiac Killer was a murderer accused of killing at least five people in the San Francisco Bay Area of California in the late 1960s. The chronological following of the Zodiac Killer begins with the listing of murders in 1968 and 1969, followed by claims made by the Zodiac leading police to believe that the murders were committed by one person, and ending with evidence and suspects. Based on the facts of the killings, he will not be identified unless some major report comes out and reveals the identity with proof. The Killings The Zodiac started his killings on the night of December 20,1968, shooting a seventeen year old male (David Faraday) and his sixteen year old girlfriend (Betty Lou Jensen) in their car at a remote location in Vallejo,...
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...profiling criminal suspects assessing in truthfulness of suspects and evaluating the validity of their confessions. Psychological theory and techniques can be used to improve police officers evaluations of criminal suspects. * Profiling is usually performed at the beginning of criminal investigation when the police need help focusing on certain types of people who might be the suspect * Once a suspect has been identified law enforcement officials use other procedures to determine whether any of them should be charged. * Police look for visual and verbal cues to determine whether they are giving truthful responses Suspects are sometimes given a lie detector test to encourage them to confess. * The tests provide more information about their guilt or innocence. * They conflict with some psychological findings about their accuracy. * Sometimes they are submitted into evidence. * Many psychologists question the validity of the test. The police interrogate suspects and encourage them to confess because the confessions make it more likely that suspects will successfully prosecute and eventually convicted the suspects. Psychological finding often conflict with the courts evaluations of a voluntary confession. There is some evidence psychological characteristics are linked to behavioral patterns and they can be detected by a psychological analysis of crime scenes. * Criminal profiling is used to narrow criminal investigations to suspects who possess...
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...Unit Three Assignment James Norris Kaplan University CJ499-01 Professor Johnson January 26, 2016 Scenario: Police Officer Jones, in full uniform, was walking the midnight shift in a high-crime area at approximately 2:00 AM and is approached by a civilian who told Officer Jones she had been robbed and beaten by someone wearing a red shirt and white pants. The victim’s shirt was blood soaked from a severe laceration to her head and lip. She said the perpetrator was wearing a ski mask so she was unable to determine the gender/sex of the individual, as well as the race/ethnicity. However, she was able to inform Officer Jones that the perpetrator was approximately 5’8” tall and had a gun. The perpetrator stole her wallet and was holding it when he/she fled the scene, which was only a minute or two earlier. Officer Jones called for medical assistance and for backup as well. While waiting with the victim for medical personnel to arrive, Officer Jones spotted an individual that partially fit the description about a block away from the scene. Though it was very dark, Officer Jones observed the white pants and dark shirt. Officer Jones walked toward the individual, leaving the victim unattended. Medical and backup had not arrived. When Officer Jones was approximately 20 feet away, he identified himself as a police officer and told him in a loud, clear voice, “Stop, Police! However, the individual refused to comply with Officer Jones’s commands and continued to walk away from...
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...to have had a profound effect on her behavior. Because of her drug use I believe that she steals and prostitutes herself in order to have money for the drugs she has become addicted to. The government must protect the rights of the suspect in any case. One way in which this happens is through the Fourth Amendment, which protects people from being investigated unless there is good reason for the officer to suspect they have broken the law. In the case at hand, when Officer Marconi approached the area he saw a woman matching the description given by the store manager, and carrying what appeared to be clothing. He recognized the suspect as Mary Jones, someone he had previous dealings with. Because of the past history with the suspect, Officer Marconi was aware of the potential problems that could take place so he called for backup. When he asked the suspect to stop she started running. Officer Marconi caught up with her quickly, but Jones struggled with Officer Marconi. While being transported to the station, the suspect became very agitated and was yelling. When they arrived at the station, she tried to hurt herself by banging her head on the desk as Officer Marconi tried to interview her. Officer Marconi believed that Jones was under the influence of drugs, so he stopped interviewing her and requested emergency medical services take her...
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...24, 2002. There was ten people dead and three injured. The shootings occurred in Maryland and Virginia. This left the DC, Maryland and Virginia living in fear for the entire time until the shooters had been caught. This was a devastating attack that we had never seen before and have not seen since. It was later discovered that these shootings were being carried out by a man named John Allen Muhammad, and his teenage accomplice Lee Boyd Malvo, in a blue 1990 Chevrolet Caprice sedan (crimemuseum.com). The men used the car as a shooting area to commit these killings with a hole cut in the back of the car by the license plate. There are many factors that helped catch these criminals and prevent further killings. Three of the...
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...The world over, many people have faced suffering as a result of false accusation. One may be accused of doing something by someone with a hidden intention to benefit from the same. Some people may also end up hurting someone and alienating them socially simply because of their beliefs and different ideologies. In this regard, the McCarthyism and Salem Witch Trials have a high score of historical importance with both similar happenings and different happenings that portray the way the varied beliefs of people led to the many killings and jailing of innocent people. In Salem Witch Trials, many people were accused of practicing witch craft. The key accuser of witchery was Abigail Williams. The laws of the time identified witchcraft as a criminal...
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...warnings be given and why? * How might this situation not require Miranda warnings? * Explain your reasoning. Miranda warnings should be given as soon as the suspect is in custody and before any questioning or interrogation. Miranda warnings are given in order to protect the constitutional rights of the suspect. Miranda warnings also ensures comments made by a suspect are admissible in a court of law. If the suspect is made aware of his or her rights, and choose to waive them, any incriminating statements can be used against them. If they waive the right to an attorney, they can be questioned without an attorney coaching them. A suspect may also, at any time during interrogation, request counsel. At this time, questioning must stop until the suspects attorney is present. A request for counsel must be clear and unambiguous. If a suspect decides they want an attorney after initially waiving thir rights, they must clearly state this. Officers conducting the interrogation may ask questions to determine if the suspect is indeed asking for an attorney. Example case: Davis v. US The Supreme Court ruled that clarifying statements were not required if a suspect makes an ambiguous statement of their Miranda right to counsel. The defendant Robert L. Davis, was accused of beating a sailor to death with a poolcue after an argument in a bar. This was originally a Naval Investigative Service (NIS) case. When he was arrested, the suspect waived his Miranda rights after...
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...How DNA Changed Crime DNA is at the forefront in changing how law enforcement solves criminal cases, and how the crime scene is processed. While good old police detective work is still in use, today’s DNA technology is what drives solving criminal cases, and what can mean the difference between guilty and not guilty. There are various ways the criminal justice system utilizes DNA technology. DNA evidence can be used by law enforcement to either identify a suspect or clear a suspect. DNA evidence is gathered at the crime scene such as biological evidence that can include blood, sweat, semen, etc. The DNA evidence is then compared to the law enforcement databases to identify the criminal or rule out any suspects. For example, Rosa Cinnamon, an 80 year old grandmother from Portland, Oregon, was murdered on March 25, 1976. For 35 years, her murder remained unsolved despite the efforts from law enforcement. Edward Warren was able to be identified as Rosa Cinnamon’s killer through fingernail scrapings from the victim, and it was a match from Warren even after he died in prison for another crime. DNA can also be used to exonerate convicted criminals that may be on death row or serving life in prison. In 1985, Kirk Bloodsworth, was convicted of murdering a nine year old girl in Baltimore, Maryland. He was convicted based upon a police lineup where he was singled out by eight and nine year old children. After serving almost nine years in prison, the evidence was reexamined and...
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...Gary L. Wells, Amina Memon, and Steven D. Penrod (2006) that appears in the Psychological Science in the Public Interest journal and an article that was published in the Judicature journal called Four Reforms for the Twenty-first Century written by Barry Scheck (2013). Wells, Memon, and Penrod (2006) address several elements regarding eyewitness accuracy, including the history of eyewitness psychology; common methods used; and the variables such as estimator, system, and postdiction. Whereas Scheck’s (2013) article outlines his personal ideas for reform including but not limited to the renovation of the Manson Criteria (p. 333). In this detailed article Wells, Memon, and Penrod (2006) examine several other system variables not covered within this essay such as interviewing, The Cognitive Interview, evaluation, and analysis of the cognitive interview, training, and composites (p. 55-65). They also delve into the subject of lineups in greater detail including such elements as lineup structure, meaning they examined the effects of culprit-inclusive and culprit-absent lineups, the selection of fillers, the effect of culprit removal without replacement, eyewitness instructions prior to the lineup, and overall lineup size (p. 60-62). This detailed look provided by Wells, Memon, and Penrod (2006) assists with a full understanding of how many elements actually affect eyewitness...
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...prompt action) was necessary to prevent physical harm to the officers or other persons, the destruction of relevant evidence, the escape of a suspect, or some other consequence improperly frustrating legitimate law enforcement efforts.' United States v. McConney, 728 F.2d 1195, 1199 (9th Cir.) * This Is solely used in a case where there Is a suspect either getting out of a car or running out of a car per say, trying to evade authorities. * In this particular case officers respond to a drug activity call on the corner of navy and Main Street. The suspect, a black male, wearing blue jeans and a white t-shirt was seen leaving a dark shady area with something in hand. Responding to the call, Officers A and B drive to the scene at the corner of navy and Main Street in a Marked Police Unit. The suspect sees this and almost immediately drops a small brown paper bag while trying to flee the scene. Officers acted upon impulse and started running for the suspect. Officer B observes him drop the bag and persues the suspect on foot alongside Officer A. The officers quickly acted and hunted down the suspect in his attempt to flee the scene. Officers speedily apprehended the suspect. The Supreme Court held that excessive force claims brought under section 1983 are not governed by a single, generic stan-dard.9 Analysis for this type of claim must begin with identification of the specific constitutional right allegedly violated by the use of force. * After the suspect was apprehended...
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