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Hum 130 Hinduism Paper

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Assignment: Hinduism Paper  Write a 700- to 1000-word paper answering the following questions:

o Considering that Hinduism lacks a uniting belief system, what makes up the Hindu religion? o What are the cultural and societal influences that have made Hinduism vital to the region in which it originated? o Explain the desire for liberation from earthly existence.

 Format your paper according to APA standards.

Hinduism

Hinduism Sanatana Dharma makes up the Hindu religion, which is also known as Hinduism. “The spiritual expressions of Sanatana Dharma range from extreme asceticism to the extreme sensuality, from the heights of personal devotion to a deity to the heights of abstract philosophy and the oneness behind the worship of a multiple of deities.” (Fisher, 2005, pg 69). Hindu’s do not view Hinduism as a religion but as a way of life. A person is a Hindu either by birth or chooses this form of worship. Hinduism is made up of beliefs that have changed through the centuries and the new additions to the belief system can be one of many reasons for its lacking a uniting belief system. According to Fisher (2005), there are “extreme variations within the Hinduism system of Santana Dharma which has been shown throughout time. Some scholars argue that there are no central traditions that can be called Hinduism proper” (pg 69). Forms of worship can be diverse depending on the village visited in India or in any other country. While American’s see life according to historical events. Hindus see life according to what they will become and history as unimportant. Reincarnation Reincarnation it the teaching “that the soul leaves the dead body and enters a new one. At death one takes birth again and again into countless bodies including animals or any other life form.” Rebirth as a human is rare but “allows the soul to advance towards its ultimate goal” not to be reborn again but to merge with “absolute reality” (Fisher, 2005, pg 75). The process of reincarnation repeats itself a multiple amount of times until the ultimate reincarnation when the soul reaches the goal of complete liberation. According to Jayaram (2009), “In Hinduism a soul reincarnates again and again on earth till it becomes perfect and reunites with it Source. During this process the soul enters into many bodies, assumes many forms and passes through many births and deaths.” The aim in Hinduism is to achieve moksha according to Fisher (2005) “moksha is the realization of the immortal Absolute. Many lifetimes of incarnations are required to reach the transcendence of earthly miseries and the liberation from earthly existence is one of the underpinnings of classical Hinduism” (pg. 75). Achieving moksha means a release from the grinding wheel of rebirths. Since moksha is a release from the many reincarnations, it is the goal of every Hindu. Hindus do not fear death due to the fact that they believe that they will reach a better place which will free them from the miserable life on earth. Karma Karma is the “principle that every action has its positive or negative consequences for the next life of the reincarnated soul. Hindu’s believe as a result of Karma that one’s present condition is the result of a previous existence and is deserved” (Mankind’s Search for God, 1990, pg 112). The only way to change a bad existence is to try to live a better life so that the next life so that the next reincarnation will be a bearable existence. The Hindu believes in reaping what is sown in a previous life. The goal of the Hindu is to live the best life possible in order for Karma to deal them a happy reincarnated life. “Hinduism speaks of the existence of heavens above and hells below. The former are sun filled, inhabited by gods and innumerable divine souls. The latter are dark worlds (asurya lokas) and populated by all the dark and demonic forces. The individual souls go into these worlds according to their deeds. But they do not stay there permanently till the end of destruction. They go there basically as a consequence of their actions, either to enjoy or to suffer. In either case they learn the lesson and come back to earth to start a new earthly life all over again.” (Jayaram, 2009) The teachings of Karma are centered on the idea that all humans are wandering from life to life through countless rebirths and suffering from past and present deeds. Karma and reincarnation are important in the teachings of Hinduism, and can determine future, and present lives. Hindu Gods According to Parthasarathy (1985), “The Hindus are not polytheistic. Hinduism speaks of one God. The different gods and goddesses of the Hindu pantheon are mere representatives of the powers and functions of the one supreme God in the manifested world.” Hinduism worship millions of gods, and three of the most worshiped gods are called a triad of gods. “The triad consists of Brahma the Creator, Vishnu the Preserver, and Siva the Destroyer, and each has at least one wife or consort. Brahma is wedded to Saraswati, the goddess of knowledge. Vishnu’s wife is Lakshmi, while Siva’s first wife was Sati, who committed suicide. She was the first woman to enter sacrificial fire, and thus she became the first suttee” (Mankind’s Search for God, 1990). The teaching of three gods as one is universal and is a teaching in Christian churches as well. “Hinduism perceives the whole creation and its cosmic activity as the work of three fundamental forces symbolized by three gods, which constitutes the Hindu Trinity or ‘Trimurti’: Brahma - the creator, Vishnu - the sustainer, and Shiva - the destroyer” (Das, 2009). Hindus believe that there are millions of gods but their main form of worship consists of the triad. Brahma is the main god due to the fact that he is believed to be the creator. Conclusion In conclusion, Hinduism is a misunderstood form of religion. There are many forms of worship, although only few of the most understood were discussed in this paper. Reincarnation and Karma are important beliefs in Hinduism due to the fact that their lives depend on it. Karma can either constitute a good life or a bad one. The belief in three gods in one is an important belief because it explains creation and the reason for life. Cultural and societal influences leave little room for any other form or worship in India, and any other Christian beliefs are viewed as a cult or heathen religion. Hinduism is widely misunderstood and this paper noted a few important beliefs to help in the understanding.

References
Das, S. (2009). Lord Brahma: The God of Creation. Hinduism. Retrieved October, 04, 2009, from http://hinduism.about.com/od/godsgoddesses/p/brahma.htm
Fisher, M. P. (2005). Living religions (6th ed.). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. (Chap 3, pg 69 - 75). Retrieved October 04, 2009
Jayaram, V. (2009). Hinduism and the belief in rebirth. Retrieved October 04, 2009, http://www.hinduwebsite.com/reincarnation.asp Mankind’s Search for God. (1990). Hinduism A Search For Liberation. Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania. (Chap 5, pg 112, 115)
Parthasarathy, A. (1985). The Symbolism of Hindu Gods and Rituals. Retrieved October 04, 2009, from www.goodreads.com/author/show/498190.A_Parthasarathy

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