...SCIENCE II - Credit: 3 Credits III - Course Description: Human being is the most complicated formation with a complex behavior which is obviously predictable. Organization is managed by human beings and business is done through and for human beings. This course enlightens the students in understanding why human being behaves the way s/he behaves. This course also allows the students to understand how to monitor control and empower self behavior, and behavior of other human beings and eventually prepare both to be productive. This course deals with the basic concepts in the behavioral science: namely psychology, social psychology, sociology and cultural anthropology that will form the basic for understanding the complex issues of human behavior processes such as language, symbol, perception, memory, emotion, social attitude, morale, motivation, personality development & adjustment, and attitude development and adjustment. IV – Objectives: After successfully completing the requirements for this course, students will be able to: • Learn or understand the concept of human behavior and other related theories and practices • Discover new approaches to behavioral science as gleamed from different cultural presentation and locations in region • Appreciate the different activities/ practices in enhancing the awareness and consciousness in promoting desirable human behavior suitable to different situations. • Find out how...
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...Nature vs. Nurture has been one the oldest debates in the history of psychology. Each of these sides has valid points that makes it a challenge to decide whether a person’s behavior is predetermined by his DNA, or it is based on the influence of his/her environment. As of now, it has been validated that both nature and nurture has a considerable impact on human’s behavior but what has to be discussed is whether we are developed majorly by our environment or due to our nature. Psychiatrist like Dr. Daniel Amen believes that human behavior is mostly due to their gene pool. In his book, The Brain in Love, he explains how abnormal human behaviors and disorders are caused by the abnormality of brain functions. For example, a patient with Attention-deficit...
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...versus Nurture? Nature versus Nurture is one of the oldest debates in psychology. It centers around the influence of inherited genes and environmental factors on the human development. Nature is those things inherited such as eye color, hair color, certain diseases, etc. Nurture is all the environmental influences after conception which influences development such as carcinogens, language, behaviors, etc. Some philosophers believe most of our characteristics and behaviors are as a result of inherited genes. Those who believe in extreme hereditary influences are known as Nativist. However, others believe the mind is born as a blank slate and we are who we are because of our experiences and are learned behaviors. Those who believe strongly in environmental influences are known as empiricists. (McLeod, 2007) Why has this debate become so controversial? According to McLeod, 2007 this debate has become heated because it begins a way of evaluating behavioral differences in society which then becomes a political debate about distributive justice and power in society. Many in psychology have come to the realization it is not an all or nothing view. Therefore, the debate has become one of deciding which one is most important. Leaving the question of if both factors influence our development which one is more responsible? Case Study A The Italian National Institute of Health, Rome Italy performed a twin study of the attachment styles in young adults. They assessed the relative contribution...
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...Q1. Understanding Human Behavior is critical to organizations - discuss the benefits of self evaluation/self assessment as it relates to leaders today. Effective leadership is one critical aspect for organizations today. Pursuing high levels of effective leadership, leaders need to measure their skills and capabilities against different leadership dimensions. This will help leaders to spot dimensions that need enhancement and others that need development. This paper will discuss the benefits of leader’s self-assessment of different dimensions with focus on those related to understanding human behavior. Self Assessment Techniques: Different techniques of self-assessment have been developed. As (Clawson, et al., 2000:4) stated ‘There are many theories about the elements that make up leadership’ hence self assessment technique differ in terms of leadership dimensions measured. Another factor is the methodology used for each technique. Among the different techniques one can identify the Leadership Steps Assessment (LSA) developed by (Clawson, et al., 2000)Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), 360 assessment and many more. LSA will be considered as a sample in this paper. Leadership Steps Assessment (LSA) LSA models the leadership using six dimensions, which defines the components of leadership which, as (Clawson, et al., 2000:4) proposed were: 1. Clarifying one’s center. 2. Clarifying what is possible. 3. Clarifying what others have to contribute. 4. Supporting others so they...
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...Term Paper On Disciplines that Contribute to Organizational Behavior Prepared by – Shambhavi Reg. no. 1220759 Class: Ist MBA – V Date : 9th July, 2012 Abstract: This study covers different disciplines that affect the discipline of organizational behavior. Disciplines like psychology, sociology, anthropology, etc are self acclaimed disciplines that contribute to the study of organizational behavior and they determine how an individual would behave in a scenario. It also includes mention of a case study to determine corporate psychological defenses, which explains how organizations try to avoid charges even if it’s their fault. This term paper discusses how different attributes of organizational behavior are affected by disciplines of different nature. Key words: Interdisciplinary, Organizational Behavior, Psychology, Sociology, Social Psychology, Anthropology, Management, Political Science, Medicine. 1 Introduction: 1. Meaning & Definitions: Organizational Behavior is a systematic study of the actions and attitudes that people exhibit within organizations, according to P G Aquinas (2006). This study is basically concerned with the psychosocial, interpersonal, and behavioral dynamics in organizations. The term ‘Organizational behavior’ is defined by Stephen P Robbins as “a field of study that investigates the impact of individuals, groups and structures on behavior within organizations for the purpose of applying such knowledge towards improving on Organization’s...
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...Human Behavior and the Environment Terry Miller PSY 460 June 9, 2014 Human Behavior and the Environment The environment is a recipient of the behavior of humans. This behavior can be positive, as in the case of green fuel alternatives or negative, as in the case of noise pollution. However, human behavior is not always simple when determining the source. Many points of input are present, one of them being environmental cues. “Cues are elements in the environment that convey important information or trigger an affective reaction” (Steg, 2013, p. 120). How a human responds and impacts the environment is determined by the cues and the message they convey. Environmental Cues and Behavior “Sentences, words, and visual images are environmental cues that can affect the behavior of individuals (Charles-Sire, Guéguen, Pascual, & Meineri, 2012, p. 457). The presence of environmental cues is constant and therefore shapes human behavior in positive, as well as negative ways. Social norms and laws or rules are reinforced or weakened as a result of environmental cues. For example, a fabric rail queue line at the bank is meant to control the line and spread the customers for quicker service. Some individuals adhere to this cue regardless of the abundance or lack of customers while others adhere only if no way around it is found. Cues can be as basic as signs warning to not litter or as involved as public service announcements and social media campaigns. Behavior Modification ...
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...first compared is the performance effects of money systematically administered through the organizational behavior (O.B Mod.) modification model and routine pay for performance. This was compared with the effects of O.B Mod.-administered money, social recognition, and performance feedback. The money intervention based on the O.B. Mod. outperformed routine pay for performance and also had stronger effects on performance than social recognition and performance feedback. Full Text (7144 words) Copyright Academy of Management Jun 2001 [Headnote] | In this field experiment, we first compared the performance effects of money systematically administered through the organizational behavior modification (O.B. Mod.) model and routine pay for performance and then compared the effects of O.B. Mod.administered money, social recognition, and performance feedback. The money intervention based on the O.B. Mod. outperformed routine pay for performance (performance increase = 37% vs. 11%) and also had stronger effects on performance than social recognition (24%) and performance feedback (20%). | | Although behavioral management, as a systematic approach to increasing employee effectiveness, was formulated about 25 years ago (e.g., Luthans & Kreitner, 1975), organizations are generally not using contingent incentive motivators to manage workers' day-to-day task-related behaviors and to improve productivity (Davis-Blake & Pfeffer, 1989; Ilgen, Major, & Tower, 1994). Moreover...
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...sTRAYER uNIVERSITY | Organization Theory Theoretical Research | Dr. Ian McDevitt- ECO 550 | | Bobby Sims | 6/22/2013 | | Introduction Organization Theories are the principles that provide foundations for businesses worldwide. These leadership theories exist to utilize and build organizational structure within the company. These theories have aided in the development of standards that leaders, followers, and managers attempt to achieve on a daily basis to exemplify the ideals of the company. After researching organization theories, I discovered that many companies display commonly used theories that fit their management model. The styles such as Classical Theory, Human Ecology, Contingency Theory, Resource Dependency, Organizational Economics, Institutional Theory, and the Network Theories. These theories have distinctly different concepts and I will explain those differences. Organization theories have provided many companies with the necessary tools to approach any situation and have a successful outcome. When organizations encounter complications, they can rest assure that there is a method that can be utilized to approach the situation positively and effectively. Leadership theories have many uses: training purposes, rational purposes, and even comforting purposes. These application of these theories are possible in any event and that is the reason why they are so useful. The first theory under discussion is the Organizational Theory. This theory characterizes...
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...1 ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR in CHANGING tIMES CHAPTER SCAN THIS INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER PROVIDES AN OVERVIEW OF THE ENVIRONMENT OF ORGANIZATIONS FOR THESE CHANGING TIMES. IT BEGINS BY PROVIDING AN OVERVIEW OF BEHAVIOR IN ORGANIZATIONS AND THE INTERDISCIPLINARY ORIGINS OF THAT BEHAVIOR. NEXT, IT DESCRIBES THE ORGANIZATIONAL CONTEXT AND PRESENTS THE SIX FOCUS ORGANIZATIONS (BRINKER INTERNATIONAL, ENRON, HARLEY-DAVIDSON, HEWLETT-PACKARD, PATAGONIA, AND THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION). THIRD, IT POINTS OUT THE CRITICAL ROLE OF CHANGE AND CHALLENGE, FOLLOWED BY A DISCUSSION OF HOW PEOPLE LEARN ABOUT ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR. THE CHAPTER FINISHES BY RELATING THE VARIOUS FEATURES OF THE BOOK TO LEARNING STYLES AND OUTLINING THE PLAN FOR THE BOOK. LEARNING OBJECTIVES AFTER READING THIS CHAPTER, YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO DO THE FOLLOWING: 1. Define organizational behavior. 2. Identify six interdisciplinary contributions to the study of organizational behavior. 3. Identify the important system components of an organization. 4. Describe the formal and informal elements of an organization. 5. Understand the diversity of organizations in the economy, as exemplified by the six focus organizations. 6. Recognize the challenge of change for organizational behavior. 7. Demonstrate the value of objective knowledge and skill development in the study of organizational behavior. KEY TERMS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCES THE...
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...Creating Behavior Change in a Staff Member Human service managers and staff members must develop methods to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the individual staff members' professional behavior. Many of the same methods used by clinicians to change clients’ behaviors can also improve clinicians’ professional conduct. Human services managers, supervisors, and staff members who build a high level of trust, respect, and positivity with the rest of their staff is provided the necessary tools to improve staff behaviors (Murphy & Dillon, 2011). Because of the wide variety of responsibilities, work habits, and necessary behavioral changes in the human services field, however; no single technique can be successful in all cases. Rather, managers should work with employers to establish strategies to improve staff behavior on a case-by-case basis. These strategies are most effective when they combine several techniques to form a comprehensive plan of action. This plan can include goal setting, staff development, and training with incentives-based motivation. This type of approach successfully creates behavior changes in staff by creating a positive work environment, highlighting, and increasing efficiency, and building meaningful relationships between staff members and clients. Therefore, applying techniques to a hypothetical situation can better show how a manager would use the facts of a particular case to combine several techniques, creating a cohesive strategy to...
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...of the mental process and behavior (Kowalski & Westen, 2011). The discipline includes a closer examination of thoughts, how people feel about situations and the way they interact with their environment and react to situations and other people. Problems that may arise when dealing with psychology can be conflict, general unhappiness or depression. Mental disorders/illness are not part of normal human behavior and can lead to problems in relationships as well as harm to the person with the disorder or people close to them. There are a wide range of therapies for such disorders and each situation differs from case to case. A closer examination follows with a contrast of normal and abnormal psychology, mental disorders from the view of psychology and a deeper look into two therapies used for both normal and abnormal psychology. Normal and Abnormal Psychology According to "What Is The Difference Between Normal And Abnormal Psychology" (2015), "The difference between normal and abnormal psychology tends to be one of degree of disruption. Normal psychology is the study of human behavior, with a focus on “normal” or average, socially-acceptable traits and behaviors. Abnormal psychology, by contrast, is the study of unusual human behavior, and includes the study of mental disorders.” (para. 1). The standard of normal versus abnormal psychology can be very apparent, or it can be subtle. It is frequently easy for an eccentric manifestation of behavior to be viewed as abnormal, when...
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...Organizational Behavior W. Jack Duncan Book review Meera Iyer Chapters 1. Organizational behavior: defining the field 2. Historical perspective 3. Methodological foundations of organizational behavior 4. Personality development and attitudes 5. The cognitive basis of individual behavior 6. Motivation: Theory and selected research 7. Introduction to small group behavior 8. Leadership behavior and effectiveness 9. Intergroup analysis: Co-ordination and conflict 10. The organization and the individual 11. Environments, organizations and behavior 12. Power relations in organizations 13. Performance evaluation and organizational effectiveness 14. Planned change and organizational development This book is about organizational behavior. It is also a text on management. The objective of the book is to present a research based approach to management from an applied behavioral science perspective. I have summarized each chapter of the book, explaining the main points that the authors wish to communicate. © www.hrfolks.com All Rights Reserved Organizational behavior – Defining the field Organizations are collections of interacting and inter related human and non-human resources working toward a common goal or set of goals within the framework of structured relationships. Organizational behavior is concerned with all aspects of how organizations influence the behavior of individuals and how individuals...
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...THE NATURE OF MAN Michael C. Jensen Harvard Business School mjensen@hbs.edu and William H. Meckling University of Rochester Abstract Understanding human behavior is fundamental to understanding how organizations function, whether they are profit-making firms, non-profit enterprises, or government agencies. Much disagreement among managers, scientists, policy makers, and citizens arises from substantial differences in the way we think about human nature—about their strengths, frailties, intelligence, ignorance, honesty, selfishness, and generosity. In this paper we discuss five alternative models of human behavior that are commonly used (though usually implicitly). They are the Resourceful, Evaluative, Maximizing Model (REMM), Economic (or Money Maximizing) Model, Psychological (or Hierarchy of Needs) Model, Sociological (or Social Victim) Model, and the Political (or Perfect Agent) Model. We argue that REMM best describes the systematically rational part of human behavior. It serves as the foundation for the agency model of financial, organizational, and governance structure of firms. The growing body of social science research on human behavior has a common message: Whether they are politicians, managers, academics, professionals, philanthropists, or factory workers, individuals are resourceful, evaluative maximizers. They respond creatively to the opportunities the environment presents, and they work to loosen constraints that prevent them from doing what they wish. They...
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...INTRODUCTION Theories of development put forward a framework for human growth, development and learning. Why do we study the developmental process? What can we learn from theories of development? If you have ever wondered about what motivates development, thoughts and behaviour, understanding these theories be a useful insight to individuals and society. LEV VYGOTSKY Lev Vygotsky is well known for his sociocultural theory of development. Vygotsky, a Russian psychologist, emphasized the roles of language, social interaction and culture on the child’s developing mind (Vygotsky, 1978, 1986). Vygotsky said that through social interactions, it enables the development of skills which are needed for logical reasoning. Lev Vygotsky’s theory is one in which he speaks about cognitive development. The first step in learning about cognitive development , you have to know what the concept ‘development’ means. Development is the changes that takes place in all humans from birth to adulthood. There are physical changes such as changes in the shape and size and how the body functions for example swimming when you were in Standard 2 as to swimming faster in secondary school. There are also emotional, social and personal development which are changes to our personalities and the ways in which we manage our...
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...Development: MGT 585-02W Fall 2013 Case Analysis Does this milkshake taste funny? George Steins’ Ethical Dilemma * Discuss all of the reasons why you believe George might act unethically and remove the filters, allowing the maggots to remain in the mix. The first reason George might act unethically is due to Social Learning Theory. “Analysis revealed that perceived learning opportunities were shaped, enabled, and constrained by a variety of social, cultural, structural, and process-related imperatives. This was manifested through two learning systems: (1) a formal learning system directly managed by the organization and (2) an informal system that was fostered through strong social networks and driven by the organizational culture. From this investigation, we posit a social theory of learning, which encompasses sharing knowledge and experience through social interaction” (O’Toole, 2011). This is an article for developing learned systems by the Australian Army in their ‘fighting for knowledge’ campaign to understand learned systems in a military setting. Using a focus group of over 150 armed personnel to understand some of the cultural and social systems enforced. Social theory is a theory that states that we learn through observation and our direct experiences with others (Robbins. 2013). The social learning theory is enacted by both formal learning systems, decreed through management, and informal social networks. In the case George is faced with an ethical dilemma...
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