...Stem cell research is one that is widely debated amongst various religions, cultures, and political groups. The question as to when life actually begins is the epicenter of this worldwide quarrel, and may not be settled for some time. Although this may be true, one fact that cannot be denied is that stem cell research has led to many life saving discoveries in various sectors of scientific research. In regards to the ethical dilemma of stem cells, recent developments in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have made it possible to explore the applications of stem cells while avoiding the ethical problems associated with embryonic stem cell research (Seki & Fekuda, 2015). One intriguing area in stem cell research is the potential applications for them in the treatment of cardiac diseases. Studies have explored the potential uses for stem cells for the treatment of heart disease (Yamakawa & Ieda, 2015). Additionally, stem cells have been explored for the treatment of heart failure and myocardial infarction (Rasmussen, et al., 2013). Stem cells and how they may be used for the treatment of various cardiac diseases is an exciting topic and has the potential to change future approaches to the treatment. This paper will examine the applications and significance of stem cells in relation to these common cardiac pathologies. Heart disease is one of the leading causes of death in developed countries and currently there are few effective treatment options available (Yamakawa & Ieda...
Words: 1567 - Pages: 7
...drink heavily are more likely to die of heart disease than those who do not. Therefore, alcohol consumption should be in moderation. Eating habits are another important factor. Eating well can also help prevent heart disease. No one food can provide all the nutrition you need, so one must eat from a variety of foods every day from the following four food groups: 1. Bread, other cereals and potatoes 2.fruits and vegetables 3.low-fat milk and dairy foods 4. Meat, fish and alternatives such as beans and lentils. Although the heart is designed to last one well for one's whole life, but one must take care of it and follow the healthy life style measures and steps as discussed above. Types of Heart Diseases Summary: The main focus of this paper is to highlight the types of heart diseases Heart disease is a name given to a variety of conditions that affect the performance of the heart. Important examples of heart disease include: 1. ANGINA, in which there is poor blood circulation to the heart, 2. HEART ATTACK, in which there is death of part of the heart muscle, and 3. ARRHYTHMIA, in which the rate or rhythm of the heart-beat is abnormal. 4. ATHEROSCLEROSIS, in which the arteries...
Words: 808 - Pages: 4
...Cardiovascular disease also called heart disease includes numerous problems, many of which are related to a process called atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a condition that develops when a substance called plaque builds up in the walls of the arteries. This buildup narrows the arteries, making it harder for blood to flow through. If a blood clot forms, it can stop the blood flow. This can cause a heart attack or stroke (“What is Cardiovascular Disease (Heart Disease)?”). The purpose of this paper is to discuss the risk factors associated with a previous client that I cared for in the clinical setting and to include rationale and some behaviors that could reduce these risks. The patient that I will be focusing on is a 56 year old female of polish descent whom I will refer to as I.G. She was admitted to UMC with a chief complaint of left knee pain. Her admitting diagnosis was a left distal femur fracture and has a medical history of congestive heart failure, hyperlipidemia, glaucoma, rheumatoid arthritis, hypertensive disorder, GERD, and diabetes. She admitted that diabetes runs in her family and she also has a history of smoking and obesity evidenced by her BMI of 32.1. Diabetes Diabetes Mellitus is associated with a reduced life span, largely as a result of cardiovascular disease and most patients die as a result of a thrombotic event. Patients with diabetes are at increased risk for CVD. This risk affects women more than men and is influenced by the client’s...
Words: 1669 - Pages: 7
...Vulnerable Population and Self-Awareness Paper Leah Robertson June 19, 2012 NUR/440 Sharon When thinking about vulnerable populations, individuals, and families there are so many different keys that affect what makes a person vulnerable. Being aware of the attitudes, stereotypes, demographics, and financial aspects that make a certain population or person vulnerable can be a valuable lesson in being a nurse. Using a population from episode one in the neighborhood I would like to identify why I felt this particular population was vulnerable and my perceptions before and after the research that I have done. I feel that episode one had a good variety of different situations within one small area, starting with a predominantly white neighborhood with middle to low-income jobs. Several types of housing are available and cost of living at 94%, and a low unemployment rate at 4.4%. Looking at the community you would think it was just a normal place to live with little to no issues or problems. When I began looking into the neighborhood facts and evaluating the demographics this was my perception of what the families would be like, white, normal, middle aged and middle range income. The family that I choose to research is the Allen family, Clifford, Pam and Gary. Clifford and Pam have been together for 40 years and are happily married, with a 24-year-old son that lives at home. When I see this my stereotypes come out, I thought you couldn’t get more normal and happy...
Words: 910 - Pages: 4
...Bodybuilding Anaerobic Exercise & Respiration, Muscular Growth and Supplement Intake Ajay Sabhaney, Carlen Ng, Di Wu, Kelei Xu Bodybuilding Page 1 of 59 Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. The Body & Muscle Groups a. Muscle Growth b. Physical & Psychological Benefits of Exercising 3. Weight Training: Anaerobic Exercise Mechanics & Impact on Muscle Growth a. Energy Transformations During an Exercise b. Investigating Torque in Weight Training c. Muscles Acting as Levers d. Impulse in Weight Training e. Intensity versus Speed 4. Protein Supplementation a. Protein supplementation b. Combining Protein Supplementation 5. Cellular Respiration & Effect on Weight Training a. Glycolysis b. Aerobic Respiration c. Anaerobic Respiration (inc. lactic acid) d. Carbohydrate Loading 6. Creatine Supplementation a. An Introduction b. Lab: Effect of Phosphocreatine on Lactic Acid 7. Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids a. Reactions within the Body involving steroids b. Side Effects of Steroid Intake c. Detecting Steroids in the Human Body 8. Conclusion 9. Works Cited 10. Miscellaneous Bodybuilding Page 2 of 59 I. Introduction Exercise (essentially any form of physical exertion which results in the contraction of a muscle) has become a widespread interest over the past several years, especially in areas of weight training. While exercise is generally intended to promote good physical health, bodybuilding more specifically concentrates on building muscle mass and many individuals in society...
Words: 17026 - Pages: 69
...To Determine the Effect of an Exercise Regime on Heart Rate and Recovery Time Introduction The events of the cardiac cycle are initiated and controlled by electrical signals generated by two nodes in the heart (Boyle and Senior, 2008). Nodes are specialised tissues strategically placed in the heart that act as nervous and muscle tissue. When nodal tissue contracts, it generates nerve impulses that travel throughout the heart wall (About.com, n.d.). Figure 1 – Cardiac Conduction Yellow Arrows/Aspects = journey of signals Area of Bundle of His/Purkinje Fibres Ventricular Septum Aorta – to the body Pulmonary Artery – to the lungs The location of the cardiac nodes is shown in figure 1. A single heartbeat begins with an electrical signal generated by the sino-atrial node, on the wall of the right atrium. This node is often referred to as the ‘pacemaker’ of the heart (it regulates the heartbeat). This signal spreads over the walls of both atria, causing them to contract and fill the ventricles. Once the ventricle walls have filled, the atrio-ventricular node picks up the signal and directs it down the ventricular septum and onto the bundle of His. From here, the signal spreads throughout the Purkinje fibres in the ventricle walls causing them to contract, pushing the blood out of the pulmonary artery and aorta. (Drugline.ord, n.d.) Heart rate is controlled by the two branches of the autonomic nervous system - the sympathetic and parasympathetic. The sympathetic...
Words: 3050 - Pages: 13
...which result in undergoing a rigorous treatment. In this view physical activity or fitness training programs have been found having significant effects in the prevention of strokes as well as at post care stage as treatment and a measure of rehabilitation in survivors of cardiac arrests. Further, it has been noted in recently conducted studies that quite a remarkable evidences are discovered in favor of physical activity as therapeutic as well as rehabilitative in nature. Organized physical activity in the form of exercise, tailor made programs according to the needs of the patients at post care stage and fitness training exercise therapy have been found considerably helpful in rehabilitation in the survivors of stroke. In addition, further research is proposed to explore the different types of organized exercise programs according to the physical and mental conditions of survivors and as preventive measures among them. Physical Activity in the Prevention and Treatment of Stroke Cardiac arrest is a one of the growing and leading causes of death around the globe. According to available data, more than 130,000 people suffer from heart attack, from mild to severe strokes, every year, (SIGN, 2008). One cannot ignore preventive measures; however, once a person goes through a severe form of arrest, he needs post care mostly in form of therapeutic rehabilitative treatment. Developing strategies...
Words: 1798 - Pages: 8
...tendency. As claimed by Schor (2004, p. 21), in 1980s companies used to spend 100 millions of dollars on marketing to kids. Whereas today, according to Eggerton (2007) in Linn’s and Novosat’s (2008, p. 134) research, this number has reached 15 billions of dollars, expended only on food and beverage marketing directed at youth. Additionally, in the last decades, as stated by de Onis, Blossni and Blogher (as cited in Carter, Petterson, Donovan, Ewing & Roberts, 2011), obesity and other health problem rates among kids have been rising along with the marketers’ attention to children. These simultaneously growing processes have led to the debates of marketers’ responsibility related to increasing rates of childhood obesity, diabetes and food preference distortion (Linn & Novosat, 2008, p. 134; Carter et al., 2011, p. 962; Boyland & Halford, in press, p. 1). As acknowledged by Carter’s et al. (2011, pp. 962-968) research, children are a vulnerable and easily persuadable group of society, which should be protected from marketing’s aspirations. In accordance with Boyland and Haford (in press, p. 2), the adopted regulations deviate between countries. With regard to previous studies about drawbacks, beneficial sides of existing restrictions related to marketing to youth, this paper will evaluate whether food and beverage marketing to children should be regulated by government or within the industry. The evaluation will be made first of all regarding literary review about the reasons...
Words: 3002 - Pages: 13
...Heart Failure Western Governors University Pathopharmacological Foundations for Advanced Nursing Practice Heart Failure It is estimated that about five million people in the United States are living with heart failure with an overwhelming number of 550,000 newly diagnosed cases each year, costing the nation roughly $32 billion dollars per year (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016). Heart failure is a complex, pathophysiological condition in which the ventricles of the heart is weakened and unable to pump effectively to meet the body’s needs for nutrients or has lost adequate filling capacity. Clinical presentations of heart failure depends on which ventricles have failed to pump blood adequately; left ventricular failure, also known as congestive heart failure (CHF) is more common than right ventricular failure (McCance & Huether, 2014). The most common symptoms of heart failure are shortness of breath, fatigue, and peripheral edema. HF is not a disease, but rather a manifestation of a diseased heart. Large number of disorders can lead to heart failure, and with the aging population and many surviving primary cardiac events, it is no surprise that the most common reason for hospitalization in patients older than 65 years old is heart failure (McClintock, Mose, & Smith, 2014). Heart failure has become a major public health problem because it is the only cardiac condition that continues to increase in prevalence (McClintock, Mose, & Smith, 2014)...
Words: 16787 - Pages: 68
...S TRE NGTH EORY Table of Contents Introduction 3 (Very) Brief History and Background 7 More Frequent Practice for Improved Motor Learning 13 Habituation of the Stress Response 15 Cost/Benefit Ratio of Doing More Work Per Session 18 No Arousal, No Grinding, No Form Breakdown 21 Daily Min > Daily Max 23 Training Volume 25 Tools 27 The Workout Itself 31 Long-Term Programming Considerations 34 Alternate Idea – HIHF as a Block in a Broader Program 36 Easing Into an HIHF Routine 42 The Superman Effect 45 Some Final Notes 49 In Closing 51 The Bulgarian Manual 2 S TRE NGTH EORY Introduction T his is a simple how-to guide for implementing the Bulgarian Method for powerlifting. I’ll briefly discuss the “whys” of the system: Why high frequency training can be effective; why high frequency HEAVY training, in particular, can be effective. But be aware up front that such is not the primary purpose of this guide. All of that has already been discussed in great detail in the book “Squat Every Day” by my friend Matt Perryman. It’s just $7, it’s an easy read, and I’d highly recommend you pick up a copy if the theoretical underpinnings of the Bulgarian Method interest you. There’s not much I could say about the “whys” that’s not already contained in “Squat Every Day,” so I’m not just going to copy that content and try to pass it off as my own. I’m assuming...
Words: 10340 - Pages: 42
...Obesity and Cancer According to the National Institute of Health, nearly two-thirds of adults in the United States are overweight or obese (2007). Research suggests that obesity may be the most preventable risk factor of cancer for non-smokers, and many studies are testing for the effects that obesity has in all cancers and at specific cancer sites. It is known that obesity plays a significant role in cancer; however, the knowledge of the relationship to all cancers and the overall health effect of excess weight in terms of total mortality from cancer is limited (Calle, Redriguez, Walker-Thurmond, & Thun, 2003). In this paper I will examine the research available on obesity and its relationship to breast cancer (in post-menopausal women), endometrial, colon, esophagus, kidney, and pancreatic cancers, and briefly mention a few other cancers currently being studied for a possible link to obesity. The rise of obesity in the last 25 years has been most prominent in the United States. It is not, however, limited to the United States; for instance, similar trends are being seen in other developing countries. As it becomes easier to access tasty but unhealthy food options and as physical activity declines, caloric intake is now exceeding caloric expenditure. Genetic factors have been shown to predispose an individual to become obese, but environmental factors are the ultimate cause for the rise of obesity within populations. It is the metabolic consequences of obesity that are...
Words: 3427 - Pages: 14
...Chinese Medicine, 2012, 3, 49-60 http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/cm.2012.31009 Published Online March 2012 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/cm) Beneficial Effects of Fumaria indica on Chronic Stress-Induced Neurobehavioral and Biochemical Perturbations in Rats* Gireesh Kumar Singh1, Geeta Rai2, Shyam Sunder Chatterjee3†, Vikas Kumar1# 1 Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India 2 Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India 3 Stettiner Str. 1, D-76138 Karlsruhe, Germany Email: #vikas.phe@itbhu.ac.in Received September 30, 2011; revised November 17, 2011; accepted November 28, 2011 ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the anti-stress activity of standardized extract of Fumaria indica (FI) through validated behavioral models of rodents followed by estimation of biochemical changes associated with chronic stress. Methods: Fifty percent ethanolic extract of FI used in this study was standardized on its contents of fumaric acid and its conjugates (0.45% and 0.35% respectively). Stressed Charles Foster rats received unpredictable foot shocks (2 mA, 1 hr, 14 days) through electric grid. FI was given orally as 0.3% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) suspension in 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg doses. For comparison, Panax ginseng (PG) extract (100 mg/kg, p.o.) was used as standard adaptogen. Incidence of gastric ulceration, changes in...
Words: 9310 - Pages: 38
...SAGE-Hindawi Access to Research Journal of Thyroid Research Volume 2011, Article ID 809341, 10 pages doi:10.4061/2011/809341 Review Article Hypothyroidism and Thyroid Substitution: Historical Aspects J. Lindholm and P. Laurberg Department of Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark Correspondence should be addressed to J. Lindholm, j.lindholm@ofir.dk Received 15 January 2011; Accepted 17 March 2011 Academic Editor: Marian Ludgate Copyright © 2011 J. Lindholm and P. Laurberg. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The last part of the 19th century was a period of great achievements in medicine and endocrinology. The thyroid gland evolved from being considered a rudimentary structure to an organ related to specific diseases. The singular importance of iodine became acknowledged. Graves-Basedow’s disease was described. Surgical treatment evolved with extraordinary speed. Theodor Kocher observed that the clinical picture in patients after total thyroidectomy was similar to the one seen in cretinism. In 1850, the first case of hypothyroidism or myxedema was described. Less than 50 years later, effective treatment was introduced. Another 50 years later, autoimmune thyroiditis was ascertained as the most frequent cause of hypothyroidism (in areas with no iodine deficiency). This paper gives a short...
Words: 8586 - Pages: 35
...The aim of this essay is to explore an acute deterioration in the health of an adult I have encountered during a clinical placement, in an acute care setting. The essay will begin with a definition of acute care, followed by the introduction of my patient and predisposing factors. This essay will include an explanation of the significant pathophysiological changes and related clinical manifestations and a critical analysis of the nursing interventions implemented during the acute episode of care, focusing on holistic care, rationale and evidence base. It will then describe the actual deterioration in the patient’s condition, and discuss the nurse’s role in the recognition and assessment of the actual deteriorating condition following the trusts policies. Assessment tools, monitoring, detecting and reporting will be considered. Finally this essay will include a discussion of the importance of multidisciplinary team collaboration in the diagnosis and provision of care during the acute episode, and a discussion on whether the deterioration could have been prevented by identifying any areas of practice which could change in relation to evidence based practice. For the purposes of privacy and confidentiality, in accordance with NMC (2008) code of conduct, the name of the patient will be changed to Peter and the placement area will remain as an acute care setting. According to McFerran (2008) the term “acute” is described as a disease of rapid onset, severe symptoms, and brief duration...
Words: 4236 - Pages: 17
...[pic] ICAK-USA Research The Following is a Compilation of Applied Kinesiology Research Papers Published in the Collected Papers of the International College of Applied Kinesiology for the year 2005-2006 -- Edited by Scott Cuthbert, D.C. Functional Systems Approach to Central Nervous System Evaluation Richard Belli, D.C., D.A.C.N.B. ABSTRACT Objective: This study investigates the clinical utility of testing functional systems within the central nervous system, compared to testing individual motor nerves with manual muscle testing. Design: Private practice. Study Subjects: Patients were examined by the treating chiropractor from his existing patient pool. Methods: Chiropractic management was decided on by the treating chiropractor. A series of twelve tests were designed to discover disorders of functional systems within the CNS. The tests described were to evaluate the function of 12 systems: 1) spinal cord, 2) myelencephalon/reticular formation, 3) vagal system, 4) trigeminal motor system-muscles of mastication, 5) vestibulospinal system, and bulbo reticular area, 6) reticular formation, 7) diencephalons and gait locomotion system, 8) mesencephalon, 9) cardiac sympathetic autonomic system, 10) pyramidal system, 11) limbic system, 12) sensory system. Results: This chiropractic approach tests the nervous system after provocation of functional systems...
Words: 29879 - Pages: 120
