...1. Environmental Protection Agency and Food and Drug Administration: While I’m not asthmatic, I do follow continual government regulation. However, I’ve quite interested in how government regulations affect healthcare and the cost thereof for consumers. The new regulation is actually a planned amplification of previous regulations regarding clorofluorocarbon (CFC) use in metered-dose inhalers (MDI), where, as of 14 April 2010, seven more metered-dose inhalers will be phased out and replaced with hydrofloroalkanes (HFA) inhalers. I do not expect this increased regulation to adversely affect me; however, the increased costs to consumers worries me. The affected products are especially used by lower-income individuals who must now pay increased prices for a MDI product currently under patent. 2. After the United States became party to the Montreal Protocol, it began phasing out and eliminating substances that purportedly deplete the ozone layer. Beginning in 1996, the US began prohibiting production and importation of CFCs unless for certain essential uses. Metered-dose inhalers (MDIs), used for treating asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, are among the last to switch to ozone-safe alternatives. MDIs use propellants to push medication out of inhalers, and the two most common propellants are CFCs and HFAs (hydrofloroalkanes). HFAs are considered ozone-safe and have already begun replacing products using CFCs. Both of these propellants, however, simply...
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...Religious freedom is a very important cornerstone of the United States; it was a moral that our country was founded on. But how far does this right go, and are businesses able to be religious and act on their religious belief? This was the main argument in the supreme court case of Burwell vs. Hobby Lobby. This case rocked the supreme court and our nation as many were very opinionated one way or the other. The complete dynamics of healthcare and religion in business was changed and defined by this case. When Obama passed the American Affordable Care Act businesses had to help pay for their employees’ healthcare, part of this healthcare included contraceptives. Hobby Lobby did not agree with four out of the twenty contraceptives offered. They...
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...firm and sought to negotiate the purchase of fetal organs from some Planned Parenthood personnel. Republicans in control of Congress have responded to the videos by launching several investigations of Planned Parenthood, along with efforts to cut off the organization's federal funding” which provides the evidence on why Republicans want to cut Planned Parenthood’s federal funding. “Planned Parenthood said the videos were deceptively edited and denied seeking any payments beyond legally permitted reimbursement of costs” but Republicans disagree with this statement just so they can have support on cutting the organization’s federal funding even though federal funding is used to help reimburse Medicaid patients. In the article “Republican Hypocrisy on Planned Parenthood” it states “This whole defunding fight is just a pretext for the real Republican agenda” — to “take away the constitutional right of women and their doctors to decide what is best for them” which is what many speculate to be the true motive of...
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...Moreover, an argument map of the issue is also developed. It is pertinent to note that the policy issue affects stakeholders across different industries of the economy in a multidimensional approach. Medical care policy The Obama care health care policy has had wide opinions among various stakeholders in the US. While there are those who support the policy, there are also those who feel that the policy will be difficult to implement and will leave many people without the ability to access basic medical care. However, there is need to analyses the medical care policy and the different opinions that are given to analyses the suitability of the policy (Doolittle, 2013). The policy was laid down as an alternative to provision of cheaper healthcare to the people. Critics of the policy have argued that the citizens are the ultimate stakeholders in this policy; however, there are other key stakeholders involved. These stakeholders include key players in the insurance sector; pharmaceutical companies, physician and economic analysist (Dunn, 2012). The analysis gives different opinions concerning the health policy. The best approach that can be used in such a case is policy argumentation. Policy argumentation is a technique that is used in analyzing policies. It determines whether implementation of policies will be productive and have any progress (Dunn, 2012). After policy...
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...Hobby Lobby Founded in 1972 by David and Barbara Green, Hobby Lobby is an industry leading retailer offering more than 70,000 arts, crafts, hobbies, home decor, holiday, and seasonal products. With its headquarters in Oklahoma City, Hobby Lobby operates over 600 stores across the nation. Believing in God, the company is operated in a manner consistent with biblical principles (hobbylobby.com, Hobby lobby’s Homepage). In June 2012, the Federal Government enforced a new order requiring all employers to offer health insurance to their employees including contraception. However, due to their Christian beliefs, Hobby Lobby refused to obey the law and filed a lawsuit against the Federal Government. In June of this year, the Supreme Court finally rejected the contraceptives mandate for corporation with religious owners and ever since Hobby Lobby is no longer required to provide contraceptive coverage for its employees. When applying the Utilitarian Theory, people should consider the consequence of any action and examine it outcome. Utilitarian theory states that an action is ethical only if no other available action creates greater total net utility. Happiness is the ultimate end and should be maximized while pain should be minimized. In the Hobby Lobby case, the company has taken the decision to not cover certain contraceptives without considering its employees well-being. Hobby Lobby is a Christian company and employs more than 16,000 people including many women. However, Hobby...
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...Undocumented immigrants hold a big numbers of jobs in restaurants, construction, and healthcare especially in taxes, which has the second largest number of undocumented immigrants behind California (3). A new analysis confirms that a sizable number of Americans can no longer afford the American dream (Goff 1). The number of Americans living alone has doubled in the last fifty years. Nearly a third of households now consist of one person (3). If we simply ask most people about their peculiar understanding of the American Dream, the majority of answers can be easily shortened to a simple one: The American dream is to become...
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...Cambridge University Press 0521804167 - Euthanasia, Ethics and Public Policy: An Argument Against Legalisation John Keown Frontmatter More information EUTHANASIA, ETHICS AND PUBLIC POLICY An Argument against Legalisation Whether the law should permit voluntary euthanasia or physicianassisted suicide is one of the most vital questions facing all modern societies. Internationally, the main obstacle to legalisation has proved to be the objection that, even if they were morally acceptable in certain hard cases, voluntary euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide could not be effectively controlled; society would slide down a slippery slope to the killing of patients who did not make a free and informed request, or for whom palliative care would have offered an alternative. How cogent is this objection? This book provides the general reader (who need have no expertise in philosophy, law or medicine) with a lucid introduction to this central question in the debate, not least by reviewing the Dutch euthanasia experience. It will interest readers in any country, whether for or against legalisation, who wish to ensure that their opinions are better informed. john keown is Senior Lecturer in the Law and Ethics of Medicine, Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge. His previous publications include Abortion, Doctors and the Law (1988) and Euthanasia Examined (1995). © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521804167 - Euthanasia, Ethics and...
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...In the Republican Party preamble they say, “We insist that public policy – from taxes to education, from healthcare to welfare – should be created to strengthen and support, not hurt, American families.” The Bible teaches the importance of keeping the family in the center of life and they desire to keep the government from destroying this proven system of the community. To them, the liberal gay rights movement is tearing the family apart and they do all they can to stop the government's approval of the issue. They desire to hold closely to the morals that the founding fathers built the country upon. Because of this desire many conservatives dislike change. They do all they can to hold on to their individual rights and privacy. They want to keep to themselves and some prefer to stay away from others. For the most part conservatives want to keep the...
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...On July 14, 1789, a precedent was set for a new brand of political struggle as Parisians stormed the Bastille, sparking the French Revolution and beginning a new era in popular government. This Revolution, in addition to reshaping Europe in the nineteenth century, would be the inspiration for many revolutions to follow, including the Russian Revolution. Furthermore, it established a collection of values which many revolutions would aim to uphold: liberty, equality, and fraternity. Chicago Historian Sheila Fitzpatrick, however, argues that these are aims that “almost all victorious revolutionaries inevitably dishonour.”1 By examining the Cuban and Russian Revolutions, this can be seen to be too general a statement. Under Lenin, the Russian Revolution instituted one of the most progressive constitutions yet seen,2 while Cuba, with its unique role in relations between two Cold War superpowers, stayed mostly true to its primary goals of attaining social justice and equality. The objective that tends to be the most fraught by revolutions is liberty, because in order to completely reshape a society, power must be, at least for a time, concentrated in the hands of few. Thus, the Russian Revolution, particularly under Stalin, can be said to have dishonoured the goals of the original revolution, while the Cuban Revolution under Castro, for the most part, did not. The aim of eliminating inequality was central to both the Russian and Cuban Revolutions. Since before its independence...
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...Dove and Axe: Examples of hypocrisy or good marketing? Introduction Should a company be criticized when one of its brands undertakes a campaign to improve the self-image of women around the world? In the fall of 2007, the Campaign for a Commercial Free Childhood (CCFC), a respected Boston-based activist group, said “yes” if that company was Unilever. Citing differences in how two major Unilever brands positioned themselves, the CCFC claimed it was unfair for Dove to capitalize on the success of its “Campaign for Real Beauty” while Axe, another of Unilever’s brands, ran campaigns focusing on how its products increased the sexual appeal of young men, especially among physically attractive, suggestively dressed young women. While the CCFC initially called only for an online letter-writing campaign to Unilever’s CEO, its discontent was publicized quickly through blogs and traditional media, raising awareness of the issue. Eventually, some activists, bloggers, and journalists alike were questioning the ethics of one company using what they deemed to be conflicting messages that exploited stereotypes for profit. Since the Campaign for Real Beauty’s message went beyond product promotion to social responsibility, working to improve the ways women evaluated their self-esteem and self-worth, the objectification of women in the Axe ads only fueled their complaints. Critics also noted both brands’ use of viral tactics, suggesting this reliance on the consumer to generate publicity only furthered...
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...Ethics and Corporate Responsibility in the Workplace and the World Law, Ethics, and Corporate Governance Professor Andrea Brvenik August 16, 2014 Stakeholders & PharmaCARE Stakeholders take on many forms and guises depending on the context of the business. Experts write personal definitions and musings on what they feel a stakeholder is, while others disagree and have their own, sometimes conflicting personal findings. It has been my experience that the terms ‘stakeholder’ and ‘stock/shareholder’ are often used as synonyms, but there is are important distinctions that must be made. According to Investopedia, a website dedicated to investing education, a shareholder is: “Any person, company or other institution that owns at least one share of a company’s stock. Shareholders are a company's owners. They have the potential to profit if the company does well, but that comes with the potential to lose if the company does poorly. A shareholder may also be referred to as a "stockholder" (Shareholder, 2014). For the purposes of this research paper, I will attempt to convey my understanding of a stakeholder through the lens of Gary Heerkens’ book, “Project Management”. Though the definitions vary, there are several ‘tenants’ that comprise the meaning of a stakeholder. Any of the following may make an individual a stakeholder: • Stands to gain or lose through the success or failure of the project • Provides funding for the project • Has invested resources...
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...Sexism in Politics As far as the politics goes, there has been, without fail, discrimination, sexism and stereotyping. Many of those that do not fit into the desires of the mainstream, for example, women who have endeavoured to break that handicap in society as well as the political sphere. Modern times have shown greater acceptance and tolerance towards groups that do not meet requirements of circumscribed circles. In this essay, the issue addressed is the lack of equality in this particular circumscribed circle called politics on an international level. There is still the need to define discrimination, stereotyping and prejudice among groups and race. In modern times, psychologists and scholars have focused their attention to human behaviour, the human mind as well as gender based issues within the political sphere and even within that area, issues of discrimination, stereotyping, prejudice especially gender do not cease to exist. Sexism has, in the modern era, gained much academic and social legitimacy. Scholars and feminists have thoroughly examined the politics of identification as follows: (a) Gender shapes not only who we are but the world(s) we live in (b) Resistance to changing our personal (gender) identities obstructs feminist movement (c) The identity of the modern subject is not gender neutral but masculine (and typically European) (d) Feminist identity is itself problematic given the diversity (non-identity) among women. (e) Identity...
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...2.1 REVIEW OF LITERATURE & ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS RESEARCH The concept of social responsibility is not new. Although the idea was considered in the early part of the twentieth century, the modern discussion of social responsibility got a major impetus with the book "Social Responsibilities of the Businessman" by Howard R. Bowen. Bowen suggested that business should consider the social implications of their decisions. Fortune magazine annually assess America's most Admired Corporations and does so by evaluating over 300 organisations against 8 criteria, one of the eight used is "Community and Environmental Responsibility". Firms such as Merck, Rubber maid, Procter and Gamble, Wal-mart, Pepsico, Coca-cola and 3 M have received consistently high overall ratings. The presence of strong social values such as social responsibility has a powerful impact on organisations and their actions. It leads them to use a socio-economic model of decision making in which both social costs and benefits are considered along with the traditional economic and technical values. “Corporate social responsibility in the form of corporate philanthropy, or donating to charities, has been practiced since early 1800 at least in the US (Sethi, 1977). It was legitimate in so far that it directly benefited the shareholders, and corporate donations were mostly on the agenda of those companies that could afford it. Today’s concept of corporate social responsibility was developed primarily during...
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...Introduction As the strongest country in the world, America can done all kinds of oppressions onto any country that US like either through strong military force, from economic way and also social of that country. American corporations and popular culture has actually affects the lives and infect the indigenous cultures of millions around the world. Due to the foreign policy of the US government, backed by its military strength, has unprecedented global influence now that the America is the world’s only superpower-its first ‘hyperpower’. America lead all the ways whereby it exports its value systems, defining what it means to be civilized, rational-indeed, what actually it is to be human. Apart from that, America itself is impervious to outside influence, and if most Americans think of the rest of the world at all, it is in terms of deeply ingrained cultural stereotypes. Many people do hate America from Middle East to the developing countries as well as in Europe. Along with the happening of tragedy 9-11, public has focused on the question-‘Why do people hate America?’ This is a loaded question and not simply a statement. However, it would not be weird if people hate America as they often oppressed many other weaker countries especially countries from the Third World. The oppressions done by America can be grouped into three major ways that are politically, economically, and from the social aspect too. Politics The brand of external interventionism adopted by...
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...No. 04-2003 ICCSR Research Paper Series - ISSN 1479-5124 Corporate Citizenship: Towards an extended theoretical conceptualization Dirk Matten & Andrew Crane Research Paper Series International Centre for Corporate Social Responsibility ISSN 1479-5124 Editor: Dirk Matten International Centre for Corporate Social Responsibility Nottingham University Business School Nottingham University Jubilee Campus Wollaton Road Nottingham NG8 1BB United Kingdom Phone +44 (0)115 95 15261 Fax +44 (0)115 84 66667 Email dirk.matten@nottingham.ac.uk www.nottingham.ac.uk/business/ICCSR Corporate Citizenship: Towards an extended theoretical conceptualization Dirk Matten & Andrew Crane Abstract Corporate citizenship (CC) has emerged as a prominent term in the management literature dealing with the social role of business. This paper critically examines the content of contemporary understandings of CC and locates them within the extant body of research dealing with business-society relations. Two conventional views of CC are catalogued – a limited view which largely equates CC with strategic philanthropy and an equivalent view which primarily conflates CC with CSR. Significant limits and redundancies are subsequently identified in these views, and the need for an extended theoretical conceptualization is highlighted. The main purpose of the paper is thus to realize a theoretically informed definition of CC that is descriptively robust and conceptually distinct from existing concepts in...
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