...feelings of employees, although a full appreciation requires it to be understood from both sides. Simply, in an employment context, the Psychological Contract is the fairness or balance (typically as perceived by the employee) between: how the employee is treated by the employer, and what the employee puts into the job. The words 'employees' or 'staff' or 'workforce' are equally appropriate in the above description. At a deeper level the concept becomes increasingly complex and significant in work and management - especially in change management and in large organizations. Interestingly the theory and principles of the Psychological Contract can also be applied beyond the employment situation to human relationships and wider society. Unlike many traditional theories of management and behaviour, the Psychological Contract and its surrounding ideas are still quite fluid; they are yet to be fully defined and understood, and are far from widely recognised and...
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...Topic 3: The ‘culture iceberg’ The third topic we addressed in the last lecture was the ‘culture iceberg’ model. This model is suited well to explain the true size of a culture using the analogy of an iceberg. It emphasizes that only the top of an iceberg is visible. The iceberg, however, is much bigger than only the seeable top of it. The real size of the iceberg only becomes visible by taking a closer look below the water surface because the major part of the iceberg is located under water. With regard to culture it means that there are apparent things in a culture you can recognise easily and fast. For instance things like dresses, architecture, language or food. But to get an in-depth look at and an understanding of a culture (humor, values, attitudes, etc.) it is necessary to take a look below the surface.6 Topic 4: Presentation ‘Doing business in Mexico’ At the end of the last lecture, Minna delivered a speech about the topic ‘Doing business in Mexico’. In Mexico the speech is Spanish. Mexico is a class-conscious society. The class stratifications are clearly defined. Punctuality is expected of foreign business partners. During a meeting, the negotiations move slowly. In this situation patience is important because for Mexicans, the personal relationship comes before the professional one. Before Mexicans getting down to business they first do small talk until ten to fifteen minutes. Regarding dress, both men and women should dress conservatively. Good...
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...around the age of three. Children become aware of the feelings of those around them and that they can’t always have their own way. The ego is the scales of the personality; it balances the id’s need for immediate satisfaction with the expectations of society, and the superego’s need to be moral with the id’s need for pleasure. The superego, or ‘morality principle’, develops around age five. The child internalises their parents sense of morality. The superego is also responsible for the ‘ideal self’. “The ideal self (or ego-ideal) is an imaginary picture of how you ought to be, and represents career aspirations, how to treat other people, and how to behave as a member of society.” (McLeod, 2008) When a person acts in accordance with their ideal self, the superego can reward them with a feeling of pride. However, if one falls short of this expectation by giving into the demands of the id, they may experience feelings of guilt for failing. If there’s an imbalance between these parts of the personality, mental illness can occur. An over-developed id can cause someone to be selfish and out of control. A too-strong ego can cause anxiety and depression. Assumption Two: The unconscious is the largest part of the mind Picture an iceberg: the small part above the water is the unconscious, the little area visible just under the surface is the...
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...To what extent is the conscience the voice of God? The vast majority of people understand the conscience to be an internal moral source which guides us in situations to the right thing to do. Some believe this is an innate drive we are born with, other believe it is a result of early environment and conditioning. However, whether the belief differs about how we acquire a conscience, many peoples conscience guide them in different moral directions, for example one person may feel that it is morally right to kill someone who is committing homicides themselves, while others feel that it morally wrong to kill in al situations, irrespective of the victims history, for example it would be morally wrong to kill Adolf Hitler regardless of all the people he killed and maimed. The conscience can be argued to be the voice of god as god is believed to be benevolent, omniscient and omnipresent and made us in the image of him, giving us the conscience for us to stay on the moralistically correct side of the spectrum. In the Holy Scriptures the conscience is also called the heart. In the Sermon on the Mount the Lord Jesus Christ likens the conscience to an adversary with whom a man must make peace before he appears before the Judge (who is God) (Matt. 5:25). The Lord also compares the conscience to the eye, by means of which a person sees his moral state (Matt. 6:22). The first comparison reveals the distinguishing characteristic of our conscience, its to oppose our bad actions and intentions...
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...We live in a society where the words culture, diversity and mutlicultral enviroments are used to support the idea of an inclusive organization. Adhereing to federal and state mandates, and maintainig a poclitically correct apperance with regrads to a culturally diverse organizations is the new normal. The purpose of this paper is to examine the definitions of culture, diversity and mutlicultism as well as provide some insight into the current standings around these topcis as a nation. First, definitions of culture, diversity, and multicultural perspectives will be presented. Next, current issues within public schools around the inclusion of all cultures including personal reflections and the impact on organizations. Prior to the conclusion,...
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...that prevent us from being fully human. Thom Harton, author of “Last Hours of Ancient Sunlight”, starts to explain the problems of contemporary American consumerism . It is in our DNA to believe that money equals happiness. We believe that living in a mansion, or driving the newest edition of a Mercedes will make us exceptionally content in life. However, that is the problem with this world. We continue to want the next big thing and do not enjoy what is right in front of us. We constantly want, want, want. Shadyac uses the example of buying mansions, and going on lavish vacations. When finally settling in to his Beverly Hills mansion he notices he was not any happier. He was standing all alone in his entrance in this huge house that society has taught him that he would be happier in. However, that was not the case. Harton explains that American consumerism is a lie. The truth about it is if you’re naked, cold, alone and standing in a blizzard you would get joy and pleasure from being welcomed into a warm, cozy house with clothing and food. Suddenly, within minutes you go from being unhappy to happy with only the bare minimum. But it is the essentials to life that you received which makes it more appealing. The lie is if a small amount of life essentials can make you happy, that one hundred times that will make you even happier (Handy & Shadyac, 2011). This is what drives people to make more money and work harder in this world. They have the misconception that money equals happiness...
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...people. ***SIGMUND FREUD: Freud believes that behavior and personality derives from the constant and unique interaction of conflicting psychological forces that operate at three different levels of awareness: the preconscious, conscious, and the unconscious. *Preconscious mind – is the part of the mind that represents ordinary memory. *Conscious mind – includes everything we are aware of. *Unconscious mind – is a reservoir of feelings, thoughts urges, and memories that outside of our conscious awareness. According to Freud the mind can be divided into three different levels. Freud likened these three levels of mind to an iceberg. The part of the iceberg that you can see above the water represents the conscious mind. The part of the iceberg that is submerged below the water but is still visible is the preconscious; the bulk of the iceberg lies unseen beneath the waterline and represents the unconscious. According to Sigmund Freud psychoanalytic theory of personality, personality is composed of three elements known as id, the ego and the superego work together to create complex human behaviors. THE ID: This aspect of personality is entirely unconscious and includes of the instinctive and primitive behaviors. The id is driven by the pleasure principle, which strives for immediate gratification of all desires, wants, and needs. The id is...
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...Through out the years, movies have so many influences on society. From sociology view points, some movies are challenging to analyze how movies shows how really people are. One good example of a movie that shows how society was influence is the film Titanic. This film was take place in the US in 1997 in English, French, German, Swedish, Italian, and Russian language; the run-time of the film was three hours and fourteen minutes. The director and writer of the film was by James Cameron and the main characters are Jack Dawson and Rose DeWitt Bukater. The storyline of the movie is about two people who is from different class and were felt in love despised who they are. The titanic passage had a mix of upper and lower class passengers from Europeans to Far-East Asians who wanted to start a new life in America. In the beginning of the movie the...
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...But I’m amazed how he able to use science as a tool to revive some else from the dead. And also using lighting to make the heartbeat again. There are some risk about doing this stuff because like reanimated dead people mean that there are two ways that they’ll go,1 they listen to their creators,or 2 destroy their own owner. Except in the story that Frankenstein tries to destroy Victor because society reject him, but Victor dies in the ice in the glacier,and Frankenstein killed himself because he realized his existence is insignificant to the world,and he killed himself in the iceberg. To be honest in this world, the world is full of lies,and the more lies there is. Most likely they will find the truth, just like when Frankenstein see himself the truth ,like why society reject him. The moment when Frankenstein see himself ugly he sought himself revenge to the one who are related to him, and the owner. That was his ambition, to kill...
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...the poem could mean the ship itself, which in this case represents man’s work while the iceberg may denote the untouchable force of nature. Convergence may have been the author’s translation of a form of marriage which translates to nature’s successfulness. The style in this poem utilizes a thesis in all the five stanzas of the poem. Traces of an antithesis are also present in stanza six to ten while the resolution is in stanza eleven. With this style readers are able to understand the message of determinism which the other intended. Just from the onset of the poem, the author uses the theme of retribution for folly. While reading the poem, the aspect of description appears dominant. For instance, the ship is characterized by the phrase “Pride of Life” which may have emanated from the notion of “human vanity”. Looking at the third stanza, the author makes reference to words like “the mirrors meant/to glass” which is seen to reflect the opulent. Hardy does not forget to mention “august seven” when the ship met the iceberg hence could not be overseen by the “mortal eye”. In the resolution stanza, Hardy uses the words “spinner of the Year saying ‘Now!’” This could insinuate the link between the ship and the iceberg. In the last stanza, Hardy referred to the meeting in the poem as “consummation”, and again this may denote the marriage of the “twain”. When the author talked about the male iceberg penetrating the female sheep, he uses imagery in the sense that this meeting amounts to...
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...Business Project – HMV Chan Ho Yeung 13431908 Context 1. Introduction 2 2. Comparative Analysis of the company’s competitive position in its various markets 3 2.1 PEST 4 2.2 Porter 5 forces 5 2.3 Value Chain 7 3. Considerations for the company’s position in relation to cross-cultural issues 10 3.1 Hofstede Cultural dimensions 10 3.2 Iceberg model of culture 14 4. The company’s position in relation to corporate social responsibility 16 4.1 Carroll’s CSR Pyramid 16 5. Conclusion 21 6. References 24 1. Introduction People who were born in 1990s or before, they should have gone to CD shops to buy CDs and supported their favourite singers. So that, you must know HMV. HMV, everyone knows that it is a CDs retailer basically. HMV opened in Oxford Street London on 20th July 1921. HMV’s full name is “His Master’s Voice”. At that time, HMV was a part of EMI - Electric and Musical Industries. In 1998, HMV was divested from EMI. It needs to especially mention the logo of HMV. HMV’s logo is based on a dog that called Nipper, is listening to a gramophone. In 1921, when HMV had started, they were a company which sold gramophone and also used HMV’s name to produce TVs and radios. After that, HMV did not sell gramophone, they was transiting gradually to sell CDs. Until now, HMV has changed a lot. They are not only selling CDs, they also sell the other products including film, games and headphones. In 1988, HMV has opened their first overseas store in Canada...
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...avoid hitting some icebergs that had supposedly been in the area. It crashed while trying to avoid the icebergs and the ship crashed allowing eleven million gallons of oil to spill into the ocean. As stated by Prince William Sound Regional Citizens' Advisory Council this oil spread over 1,300 miles, killing thousands of animals, damaging shoreline, and ultimately damaging the entire environment. Over 26 years later the effects of the oil spill are still present. Many of the animal species are still recovering from this spill and oil can still be found both in the water and on the beaches. This wasn’t the first oil spill in the United States, nor was it the last one to occur, so one might ask who is responsible? The arguments still continue to this day of who is really responsible, accusing and forcing blame upon a...
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...The causes and consequences of the enhanced greenhouse effect and global climate change Figure [ 1 ] - The greenhouse effect diagram, http://www.ozcoasts.gov.au/indicators/images/oze_fs_009_02.jpg Figure [ 1 ] - The greenhouse effect diagram, http://www.ozcoasts.gov.au/indicators/images/oze_fs_009_02.jpg “The unprecedented increases in greenhouse gas concentrations, together with other human influences on climate over the past century and those anticipated for the future, constitute a real basis for concern” (American Geophysical Union, 2014). The Earth's surface temperature has to be just right for humans, not too cold and not too hot. Thanks to the natural greenhouse effect, which has kept the Earth warm. It’s a phenomenon where the earth's atmosphere traps solar radiation, caused by the presence in the atmosphere of gases such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, and methane that allow incoming sunlight to pass through but absorb heat radiated back from the earth's surface. As there are naturally occurring greenhouse gases in the atmosphere that help keep the Earth warm, added amounts of these gases leads to extra heat being trapped in the Earth’s atmosphere. These gases (carbon dioxide, methane etc.) are being added by human activities and are enhancing the greenhouse effect as shown in figure 1. The global climate change is causing many environmental consequences and will cause more. There are five gases that contribute to the enhanced greenhouse effect. These five...
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...The Titanic was the biggest ship of its time able to carry two thousand two hundred passengers with ease. The ship thought to be unsinkable though that was not the case. In April fifteen the RMS Titanic scraped an iceberg leaving a huge gash on the ship leading It to sink. Many passengers could have survived if there were enough life boats for everyone. When the ship sunk the ticket of the passengers decided who could go on the life boats first starting with the women and children from first class to third class. Almost all the first-class passengers survived with a ninety percent average compared to the twenty percent of the third-class passengers with half of the second-class passengers. Out of the two thousand two hundred passengers only...
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...| Analysis Objective |According to Eric, Van den Steen (1990), a corporate culture is the sense of shared beliefs and values, through screening, self sorting and manager-directed | |joint learning. In order to understand the organization culture of KMB, we will identify the values and assumptions share among member of KMB. The culture | |artefact and shared value demonstrated the belief of former and top management toward to the organizational goals and it gave a guideline to the employees’ | |belief, behavior and shared assumption. We will analyze the culture of KMB with the following steps: | |Identify the artefacts of KMB, and then conclude the core value of KMB with iceberg model. | |Examine KMB’s culture value with the contingencies of organizational Culture. | Culture Artefact Stories & Legends-Caring Customer, Continuously Innovating |[pic][pic][pic][pic] | |[pic][pic] |80 Years Contribution | | |KMB was established in 1933, and has 80 years contribution to...
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