...CONTENT………………………………………………3 2.1. Literature review…………………………………………………….3 2.1.1. Definition of idiom in English…………………………………….3 2.1.2. Definition of idiom in Vietnamese………………………………..3 2.2. Horses in English and Vietnamese idiom…………………………...3 2.2.1. The positive meaning of horses in English and Vietnamese idioms………………………………………………………………………..4 2.2.2. The negative meaning of horses in English and Vietnamese idioms………………………………………………………………………..6 III. CONCLUSION…………………………………………....8 IV.REFERENCES………...…………………………………..9 I. INTRODUCTION One of the most important things that make people are different from other animals is language. We use language everyday to communicate, studying, working… In other word, language is a tool that helps us change our lives by expressing our feelings, our ideas, our thoughts as well. However, every country has their own language so people learn other languages to be able to connect with others around the world. When we study other languages, comparison two or more than two languages is inevitable, especially when we are attending the contrastive analysis course. There are many kinds of idioms related to animals in both English and Vietnamese. Those idioms are often about dogs, cats, monkeys and so on. For example, we have idioms related to dogs like “as sick as a dog”, “like the dog with two tails” or “dog-eat-dog”. We also have some idioms about cats like “as weak as kitten” or “ cat gets one’s tongue”. Those are some typical...
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...MEANING AND FUNCTION OF EACH TERM Idiom is a set expression of two or more words that means something other than the literal meanings of its individual words. The meaning of idiom conveys is non-compositional. It implies that you cannot understand the meaning of the whole phrase putting the meaning of each word together. If you look at the individual words, it may not even make sense grammatically. Idiomatic expressions are integral units. It literally means that idioms possess indivisible completeness, so all the components are bound within one idiom ( [ (Nordquist, 2012) ]. Analogy in rhetoric is reasoning or explaining from parallel cases. Analogy, in biology functions as superficial resemblance of structures that have different origins. It is interesting to note the extensive use of analogy in the scientific works of Margaret Cavendish and Anne Conway, two contemporary women philosophers of the seventeenth century, who did not personally know each other as vitalists, they both perceived such infinite echoes in the world ( [ (Nordquist, 2012) ]. Metaphor is a figure of speech in which an implied comparison is made between two unlike things that actually have something in common. A metaphor expresses the unfamiliar in terms of the familiar. “Metaphor the energy charge that leaps between images revealing their connections” (Rubin Morgan, Anatomy of Freedom, 1982). Simile is a figure of speech in which two fundamentally unlike things are explicitly compared, usually in...
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...DECLARATION I certify this report of the Study Project entitled: “The difficulties and some solutions to Vietnamese-English translation” to total fulfillment of the requirement for the report of graduation practice. Son La, April 2011 Nguyễn Thị Thiện ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere thanks to my supervisors, Mrs. Nguyen Thi Ngoc Thuy and Mrs. Nguyen Mai Huong, lecturers of the Foreign Languages Department of Son La College. This report could have probably not completed without their patient, enthusiastic and instructive supervision and encouragement. I also would like to show my profound gratitude to all the lecturers in the Foreign Languages Department in Son La College for tirelessly devoting time and efforts to enrich, broaden and deepen my knowledge over the past three years. My special thanks go as well as to the Foreign Languages Department of Son La College for giving me the opportunity and permission to implement this report. I also would like to delicate my special thanks to my classmates in English course 45, who have supported, cooperated and provided me with valuable suggestions. Especially, I am obliged to my friends who looked closely at the final providing me their translation exercises and assignments to use as version of the report for English style and...
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...Dictionary of English Idioms & Idiomatic Expressions Dictionary of English Idioms & Idiomatic Expressions .......................................... 1 ~ A ~ ..................................................................................................................... 1 ~ B ~ ..................................................................................................................... 3 ~ C ~ .................................................................................................................... 8 ~ D ~ .................................................................................................................. 11 ~ E ~ ................................................................................................................... 14 ~ F ~ ................................................................................................................... 15 ~ G ~ .................................................................................................................. 17 ~ H ~ .................................................................................................................. 19 ~ I ~ .................................................................................................................... 22 ~ J ~ ................................................................................................................... 24 ~ K ~ ...............................................................................................
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...Running head: Vietnamese and English idioms related to the word “Dog”: Vietnamese and English idioms related to the word “Dog”: A contrastive Analysis Student: Nguyen Le Hoang Yen Class: 4A08 Ho Chi Minh City University of Pedagogy Contrastive Analysis Instructor: Mr. Nguyen Ngoc Vu December 31, 2011 Abstract One problem which makes a lot of people have difficulty in communicating with one another is to use idiomatic expressions. As far as you know, idiomatic expressions make English become colorful and full of vitality, so they are often used very much in the native speakers’ speech and in the writing such as news, songs, movies, etc. on the television. However, these idioms are sometimes are not easy to understand and study their meanings, so I decide to study them by studying Vietnamese and English idioms containing the word ‘dog’ and one another reason for this topic to study is that I really like lovely dogs. In my studying this topic, there are two parts such as theoretical background and Vietnamese and English idioms related to the word ‘dog’ which is the main part of my topic. Theoretical background Idioms versus proverbs Idioms and proverbs are frequently used in the daily speech, so we can not find the differences between them clearly. However, we can distinguish idioms and proverbs by basing on some criteria. Idioms * It is a fixed group of words. e.g. the idiom ‘chó chui gầm chạn’ has the same meaning of the word ‘hèn hạ’ (disgraced)....
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...* Alphabetical idioms - lists A : * list A1 : abbreviated piece of nothing → (hold all the) aces * list A2 : achilles heel → alarm bells * list A3 : all along → all the rage * list A4 : all sizzle and no steak → apple of your eye * list A5 : (upset the) applecart → at all costs * list A6 : at this stage of the game → (have an) axe to grind * Alphabetical idioms - lists B : * list B1 : (leave someone holding the) baby → in bad shape * list B2 : badger someone → whole new ball game * list B3 : ballpark figure → battle lines are drawn * list B4 : battle of wills → beat a dead horse * list B5 : beat a hasty retreat → before your very eyes * list B6 : beggar can't be choosers → beside yourself * list B7 : best bet → beyond any reasonable doubt * list B8 : beyond one's wildest dreams → bite the bullet * list B9 : bite the dust → blamestorming * list B10 : blank cheque → blow away the cobwebs * list B11 : blow a fuse → above board * list B12 : in the same boat → bored to tears * list B13 : born with silver spoon in your mouth → all brawn no brain * list B14 : know which side your bread is buttered → a breeze * list B15 : bricks and mortar/bricks and clicks → pass the buck * list B16 : kick the bucket → burning question * list B17 : bury your head in the sand → by degrees ...
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...words, and groups of words, that hyperbolize or alter the conventional meanings of the component words. Figurative language may involve analogy to similar concepts or other contexts, and may involve aggrandizements. These alterations result in figures of speech. According to (Webster’s.com), an idiom was first utilized in 1588 and can be defined as “an expression in the use of a language that is peculiar to itself either grammatically in having a meaning that cannot be derived from the conjoined meanings of its elements”. Idioms are utilized to make language richer and more colorful. Idioms are often used to supersede a literal word or expression, as the idiom better describes the full nuance of meaning. Example: “Jumping the gun” means a person acted hastily or made a snap decision predicated on inadequate information. By reason of assumption a person can often “jump the gun” and assume the best or worst in any situation. This kind of anticipatory action can have a positive result, but most of the time someone who jump the gun eventually makes an erroneous or misinformed decision based on inaccurate early information. Analogy inference that if two or more things accede with one another in some respects they will probably accede in others. Analogies are often used to simplify or explain a complex subject or situation by comparing it to something with similar features. The phrase, “ She has a velvet voice,” is an analogy used to parallel the singer’s voices to the smoothness...
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...have meanings that are purely figurative as opposed to literal. When communicating with each other it is important to understand how those words are phrases may be interpreted and how it is received. To get a better idea of what figurative language is and how to use it, we will discuss 10 examples. Idiom: An idiom is a phrase or saying that has multiple meanings; a literal and a figurative. We use idioms everyday without consideration for their literal meanings because the figurative definition has become standard in out lexicon. An example of an idiom would be the saying someone "kicked the bucket". Most of us understand the meaning of this saying to be that someone has passed away or died. However, there is a literal meaning as well that some physically kicked a bucket. When this phrase is used it is understood to mean someone died, but the combination of words themselves taken at face value would mean that someone swung their foot and connected with a bucket. Analogy: An analogy is defined as a similarity between the like features of two things on which a comparison may be made. Analogies are a big part of our language in how we attempt to define or explain things to others. An analogy helps us relate something unknown to something know, thus giving us a connection that allows us to understand. "Listening to my daughter whine is like fingernails on a chalkboard". Most people would understand how unpleasant it is to hear the sound of scratching on a chalkboard...
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...poetry, and even advertisements use alliteration in their tag lines to make the ads more memorable. Some examples of alliteration are: Don't delay dawns disarming display. Dusk demands daylight. - Paul Mccan Sara's seven sisters slept soundly in sand. ANASTROPHE Anastrophe the inversion of the normal order of speech in a particular sentence. It can also be said that the language is interrupted and speech takes a sudden turn. This is used for the purpose of emphasis. Examples of anastrophe are: Object there was none. Passion there was none. I loved the old man. - Edgar Allan Poe, The Tell-Tale Heart Why should their liberty than ours be more? - Adriana, Comedy of Errors, William Shakespeare ANAPHORA Anaphora refers to a repetition of one particular word purposely, at the start of consecutive sentences or paragraphs. This is again in order to emphasize a point. Examples of anaphora are: I'm not afraid to die. I'm not afraid to live. I'm not afraid to fail. I'm not afraid to succeed. I'm not afraid to fall in love. I'm not afraid to be alone. I'm just afraid I might have to stop talking about myself for five minutes. - Kinky Friedman, When the Cat's Away Water, water, every where, And all the boards did shrink ; Water, water, every where, Nor any drop to drink. - Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Rime of the Ancient Mariner ANTITHESIS Antithesis is defined as an opposition or contradiction between two concepts in a statement. For example: It rained all night the day I left, the...
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...English-Russian Idioms Last updated: March 3, 2003 Please take a look at the important information about the copyright. Do not remove it. © 2000-2003 Natalya Belinsky All Rights Reserved This copy of the document was provided by the author for Educational Project FluentEnglish ( http://www.fluent-english.ru ) You have the royalty–free right to use this document as you wish. You are free to quote, copy, distribute or publish this document, but please DO NOT REMOVE this copyright information. No warranties of any kind are made to you as to this document or any medium it may be on. No liability is assumed by the author or Fluent English project for anything including but not limited to indirect, consequential, punitive or incidental damages; incomplete, inaccurate or corrupt data; transcription errors; a computer virus; computer codes that damage or cannot be read by your equipment. Please send your comments, corrections and contributions to the author: natalya.belinskaya@fluent-english.ru IDIOMS Natalya Belinsky 2 ИДИОМ Ы Наталья Белинская От составителя Думаю, любому человеку, сталкивавшемуся с необходимостью освоения иностранного языка в пределах, чуть превосходящий уровень школьной «тройки», приходилось иметь дело с выражениями, представляющими на первый взгляд полную абракадабру, хотя все слова вроде бы известны. Это кажущееся несоответствие значений слов смыслу фразы обуславливается, скорее всего, одной из двух причин: либо в данном выражении имеется какой-то...
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...SPEAK ENGLISH LIKE AN AMERICAN YOU ALREADY SPEAK ENGLISH... NOW SPEAK IT EVEN BETTER! DELUXE BOOK & CD SET A M Y GILLETT Copyright © 2004 by Language Success Press All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means including information storage and retrieval systems without permission in writing from the publisher. First Edition ISBN 0-9725300-3-7 Library of Congress Control Number: 2004102958 Visit our website: www.languagesuccesspress.com Bulk discounts are available. For information, please contact: Language Success Press 2232 S. Main Street #345 Ann Arbor, MI 48103 USA E-mail: sales@languagesuccesspress.com Fax: (303) 484-2004 (USA) Printed in the United States of America The author is very grateful to the following people for their collaboration and advice while preparing this book and CD set: Vijay Banta, Jacqueline Gillett, Thomas Gillett, Marcy Carreras, John McDermott, Natasha McDermott, Cat McGrath, Patrick O'Connell. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Amy Gillett has taught English as a Second Language (ESL) in Stamford, Connecticut and in Prague, Czech Republic. Her essays and humor writing have appeared in many publications, including MAD Magazine, the San Francisco Chronicle, and Family Circle. Amy majored in Slavic Languages and Literature at Stanford University and holds a Master's degree from Stanford in Russian and Eastern European Studies. Amy has studied and worked abroad in many countries...
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...metaphors and idioms, have been considered derivatives from and more complex than ostensibly straightforward language. “A contemporary view is that figurative language involves the same kinds of linguistic and pragmatic operations that are used for ordinary, literal language” (Glucksberg, 1975). Figurative language is language that uses words and or expressions with a meaning that is different or a variation from the literal interpretation. Literal language, in comparison, is very direct and straightforward in approach by simply conveying facts. When a writer or author uses literal language, he or she is stating the facts as they are. Figurative language, on the other hand, is very common in poetry and verses and is used in prose and nonfiction writing using creativity and imaginative expression conveyed through personal ideas or opinions. Figurative language is often used as a literary device that many authors use to bring the reader into the actual writing. The language is written in such a way that what is being said or stated is different from the actual literal meaning of the words. Some common types of figurative languages are defined and explained below. Idiom: idioms are linguistic expressions whose overall meaning cannot be predicted from the meaning of the constituent parts. It is also defined as peculiar to itself either grammatically or in having a meaning that cannot be derived from the conjoined meanings of its elements. For example, when one may refer literally...
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...language is known as being one of the most difficult languages to learn. There are many reasons for this, a major factor being the use of figurative language. Since the English language is packed with figures of speech is can be very confusing to truly comprehend what someone is trying to get across. This doesn’t just go for the new comers to the English language but also to native English speakers. Throughout this paper I will define and give examples for ten different types of figurative language while providing appropriate usage. These types of figurative language include idiom, analogy, metaphor, simile, cliché, amphiboly, fame word, hyperbole, euphemism, and lastly colloquialism. Idiom Idioms are words or phrases that mean something different from what they are literally saying. For example “to burn the candle at both ends” means to exhaust yourself by doing too much ("Language Arts," 2010). At first it might not make much since. After thinking about it you may realize if you lit a candle at both ends it would actually burn out two times faster than just being lit on one side. An appropriate circumstance for using this example would be if you had a friend that worked two jobs and went to school full-time. You could say “wow you really are burning the candle at both ends”. Again you are stating how your friend is over working themselves and how they could burn out just like the candle. Analogy An analogy compares certain similarities between things which are usually unalike...
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...words beginning with the same letter to achieve a poetic effect. Shakespeare (Macbeth) 'Good things of day begin to droop and drowse. Antagonym - A word that can mean the opposite of itself is an antagonym. - bound (bound for Chicago, moving) bound (tied up, unable to move) - buckle (buckle your pants -- to hold together) buckle (knees buckled -- to collapse, fall apart) Colloquial Language - Colloquial language is informal language that is not rude, but would not be used in formal situations. A colloquialism is an informal expression, that is, an expression not used in formal speech or writing. Euphemism - A euphemism is when you substitute language that is less direct and vague for another that is considered to be harsh, blunt, or offensive. - Rather than say that somebody has died, we might say that they 'have passed away' - Some hospitals have 'Special Clinics', where sexually transmitted infections are treated. Hyperbole - Hyperbole is overstatement or exaggerated language that distorts facts by making them much bigger than they are if looked at objectively. The media use it a lot to make stories seem more important or interesting than they really are (an apparently unfair boxing decision was described as the 'crime of the century' by one newspaper which seems excessive when compared to murder). It may be used to entertain or employed on a more serious note. Idiom - A phrase that has a meaning that is commonly understood by speakers of the language, but...
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