...Edwards Plateau Aquifer Kathryn Matthews University of Phoenix Through time and the history of the Earth, many events have shaped the land and regions we all, as humans, know so well. One thing is certain, without the resources of our planet home, we would not survive. The natural resources of, air, plants and animal life for food, water, Sunshine, and the Earth and land, we are able to live and breed to continue onward. In this presentation, the element of water resources will be explored and given a voice and praise. We will look at one water source, in particular, the Edwards Plateau Aquifer. This Aquifer developed over millions of years’ time, to be the faithful water supplier we all know in Texas. The water is naturally cycled through limestone and still needs some treatment after it has been in the ground in this matrix of limestone rock beneath. This water supplies many towns and cities in the region and spans thirteen counties. It is fed by rivers, creeks, and tributaries along the distance (Eckhardt, 2011). Because of the cracks, faults, fractures, sinkholes, and caves, the rivers and streams too, can be contaminated carrying the pollutants to the recharge zone, therefore it must be checked often for quality control. The Edwards Aquifer Authority, along with other groups, like the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, and the U.S. Geological...
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...Associate Level Material Mineral Lab Worksheet Assuming you have opened the simulation, this worksheet, and the Associate Program Material: Mineral Identification Worksheet, do the following: 1. Conduct all tests on the minerals in the virtual lab. Minerals are numbered 1-7. Keep track of which mineral you are working with as you record your observations. 2. Record your observations of each test in Part 1 of this worksheet. Refer to the job aids in the upper-right corner of the test screens to help you interpret what you observe. 3. Identify the minerals by comparing your observations with the Associate Program Material: Mineral Identification Worksheet. Write the name of each mineral in Part 2 of this worksheet. The minerals are numbered to conceal their identities, but they will include seven from the following list. To help you identify them, refer to the Mineral Identification Job Aid. • Borax • Calcite • Corundum • Graphite • Gypsum • Orthoclase feldspar • Pyrite • Quartz • Talc • Topaz 4. Identify two evolutionary processes of Earth, and explain them in Part 3 of this worksheet. 5. Post this worksheet as an attachment to your Assignments link. Delete the introductory instructions in this worksheet before you submit it to your instructor. Part 1: Recording Observations In the following chart, record your observations of each test for the seven minerals. After you have completed all...
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...|Both processes occur in place. No movement | |to the elements and over time they break |happens in place. Both processes can |is involved in weathering. Chemical | |down. Feldspar crystals in granite break |happen at the same time where weathering |weathering involves a chemical change in at| |down to form clay minerals. Other materials|can cause and rock to break down and then |least some of the minerals within a rock. | |such as quartz break down into sand which |materials from that are then transported |Mechanical weathering involves physically | |varies in grain sizes. "Seditment with |elsewhere by the wind in an erosion |breaking rocks into fragments without | |grain sizes between those of sand and clay |process. Fluids that cause the most erosion|changing the chemical make-up of the | |is called silt." One of the most complex |are water, wind, and ice. According to the|minerals within it. It’s important to keep | |products of weathering is "soil". Soil |chapter 7.4 reading ice can be the most |in mind that weathering is a surface or | |usually contains a mixture of minerals with|vicious because ican can flow so...
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...With the Australian mining industry particularly hard-hit by the international financial downturn, one enterprising Chinese business has managed to provide a lifeline for one ailing Perth-based metal mining company, whilst also establishing a bargain basement foothold in this hugely lucrative market. The deal came as Perilya Limited, a 22-year old base metal mining company, saw its market value slashed from $1billion in 2007 to a low of just $18 million when it announced its intention to seek new funding. Its value eventually rallied to $30 million, but, despite a raft of cutbacks and lay-offs, its future looked far from certain. Australian acquisition proves rich seam for SZLN Zhang Shuijian: "seeking additional foreign partners". Shenzhen Zhongjin Lingnan Nonfemet Co (SZLN), a Shenzen-headquartered State-owned mining business took the opportunity. Realizing the potential of the struggling Australian company, SZLN invested A$ 45 million (200 million yuan) into Perilya last February and acquired a 50.1 percent stake in the business. The deal marked the first time a Chinese metal company had acquired a controlling stake in an Australian mining business. Following the acquisition, SZLN is now China's largest zinc-lead producer. The company's president, Zhang Shuijian, sees the takeover as a hugely significant for SZLN and its "going global" initiative. Zhang is very much looking to the future with his company's new acquisition. In 2010 and 2012 Perilya's existing...
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... But it’s not what we think, that even the smallest thing we learn might be as important and significant as the big ones. In these five different chapters that we’ve tackled and talked over throughout the prelim period, I’ve learned certain things which to somewhat extent can be used and applied in real life situations. For example, minerals. Did we know that we use minerals in our everyday activities? Without them, there would be no cars, trains or planes. I wouldn’t be able to clean my teeth or wash my clothes. Clocks, watches and jewelry, tin cans and aluminum foil - all minerals! And of course, I wouldn't be sitting down, looking at a computer, and making and reading this now if it weren't for minerals. Where would I be without light bulbs? If tungsten in light bulbs are omitted? How can I write without a paper which is made up of minerals? How can I put pen to paper without minerals? How can a house or school be beautified without minerals that are used in making ceramic flower pots? How I can draw the things I view on a microscope in our Anatomy and Physiology using a pencil without minerals? Minerals are important to humans. Mineral resources in the form of metallic and nonmetallic are both used in different ways, in such a way these metals are used for making machines, roads and buildings, computer chips, ceramics, electric circuits; and diamonds and corundum for abrasives and jewelry. Can you picture a world...
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...your observations of each test for the seven minerals. After you have completed all tests, name the minerals in Part 2 of this worksheet. An example of how to fill out the chart is illustrated follows. |Recorded Observations for Minerals 1-7 | |Tests |Example |Mineral 1 | |Example: Fluorite |80% certain |I am almost certain this mineral is fluorite, but I am not completely sure. Fluorite and gypsum| | | |are both white, shiny, have white streaks, cleave, and show no reaction to acid. However, the | | | |specific gravity of this mineral is 3.18, which is higher than gypsum, so I am pretty sure it | | | |is fluorite. | |Mineral 1: Pyrite |100% certain |This mineral has more of gold color with only slight green...
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...Program Material Mineral Lab Worksheet Assuming you has opened the simulation, this worksheet, and the Associate Program Material: Mineral Identification Worksheet, do the following: 1. Conduct all tests on the minerals in the virtual lab. Minerals are numbered 1-7. Keep track of which mineral you are working with as you record your observations. 2. Record your observations of each test in Part 1 of this worksheet. Refer to the job aids in the upper-right corner of the test screens to help you interpret what you observe. 3. Identify the minerals by comparing your observations with the Associate Program Material: Mineral Identification Worksheet. Write the name of each mineral in Part 2 of this worksheet. The minerals are numbered to conceal their identities, but they will include seven from the following list. To help you identify them, refer to the Mineral Identification Job Aid. • Borax • Calcite • Corundum • Graphite • Gypsum • Orthoclase feldspar • Pyrite • Quartz • Talc • Topaz 4. Identify two evolutionary processes of Earth, and explain them in Part 3 of this worksheet. 5. Post this worksheet as an attachment to your Assignments link. Delete the introductory instructions in this worksheet before you submit it to your instructor. Part 1: Recording Observations In the following chart, record your observations of each test for the seven minerals. After you have...
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...Recording Observations In the chart below, record your observations of each test for the seven minerals provided. After you have completed all tests, name the minerals in Part 2 of this worksheet. An example of how to fill out the chart is illustrated. |Recorded observations for minerals 1–7 | |Tests |Example |Mineral 1 | |Example: Fluorite |80% certain |I am almost certain this mineral is fluorite, but I am not completely sure. Fluorite and gypsum| | | |are both white, shiny, have white streaks, cleave, and show no reaction to acid. However, the | | | |specific gravity of this mineral is 3.18, which is higher than gypsum, so I am pretty sure it | | | |is fluorite. | |Mineral 1: Pyrite |90% |I think...
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...Chemical and Mechanical Weathering of Rock Lab Lauren Templeton, Heather Mullen, Katherine Welmaker, Becca Gojda 2 October 2015 Abstract This lab explores several different forms of weathering and the specific effects they have on rocks. Mechanical Weathering was found to reduce the weight of different types of rocks more efficiently than others. Geological Changes were found to make small physical changes to the exterior of the rock. Glacial Changes were found to affect the ground through the the sand the “glacier” moved around. Chemical Weathering was found to quickly dissolve the marble but not the granite. Oxidation was found to dissolve the pyrite very quickly and continue to dissolve it over the next 2-3 days. Organic Processes were found to have a major physical effect on the paste as it broke it apart. Materials Bean Seeds, 10 Magnifying glass Calcium sulfate, CaSO4, 2 spoonfuls Marker Granite chips, 20 g Paper towels Halite chips, 15 g Pipets, Beral, graduated Hydrochloric acid solution, HCl, 1 M, 15 mL Plastic cups, small, 3 Ice cube Sample container...
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...mica-like layer. The arrangement of hydroxide and 2:1 sheets stacked in the z-direction defines the polytype of chlorite. There are theoretically six possible layer interlayer assemblages in either semi-random or regular "one-layer" polytypes. Of these six polytypes, four have been observed in nature (Partice De Caritat ect. 1993): clinochlore (Mg,Fe2+)5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8, chamosite (Fe2+,Mg)5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8, nimite (Ni,Mg,Al)6((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)8, and pennanite Mn52+Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8. Provenance Chlorite is widespread throughout the world, often found in low- to medium-grade regional metamorphic rocks and as a secondary mineral to mafic silicates in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. It is an occasional constituent of igneous rocks, in most cases probably forming secondarily by deuteric or hydrothermal alteration of primary ferromagnesian minerals, such as mica, pyroxene, amphibole, garnet, and olivine (Bailey, S. W., 1988). A ubiquitous product of low-grade metamorphism, chlorite influences a wide variety of rocks of different formation age such as in Cambrian basaltic vesicular lavas, early Oligocene sandstones and greywackes with andesitic volcanic clasts (Lopez-Munguira et al., 2002) (Schmidt and Levi, 1999)....
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...the water freezes it expands, fracturing the rock. Exfoliation: The repeated action of heating and cooling rocks causing them to “shed” off layers. Biological Weathering: Plant seeds get into cracks in rocks and begin growing. As they grow, they exert pressure on the rocks, causing them to fracture. Seaweed, under the sea, can attach itself to rocks so that, as the sea moves the seaweed, chunks of rock are pulled away. Chemical Weathering: Corrosion is technically a form of weathering and not erosion. Processes such as hydrolysis and oxidation can weather away rocks. Hydrolysis involves the splitting of minerals due to their reactivity with water. * Oxidation: Oxidation is, basically, rusting. Elements such as iron are susceptible to oxidation and can be found within minerals on coastlines. * Hydrolysis: Hydrolysis involves the splitting of minerals due to their reactivity with water. * Hydration: Where rocks that may include salts absorb water and swell, making them more susceptible to deposition. * Carbonation: Carbon Dioxide in solution found in rainwater produces carbonic acid (H2CO3). This attacks the calcium carbonate found in limestones and many other rocks, with the soluble product being washed away. Mass Movement Mass movement can be defined as the large scale movement of weathered material in response to gravity. Essentially, it’s when a cliff or other structure that is not horizontally orientated has been weathered to the point at which...
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...Infrastructure Transportation Main transportation system in Turkey is a road traffic both in passenger and cargo. Turkey have a government managed train system called TCDD (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devlet Demiryolları) which has 10,940km long railroad. However, there are few trains on that line so that it is exceedingly not convenient. Also, stations and other facilities are not well developed and becoming superannuated. In 2004, TCDD introduced new train vehicle which is able to run as maximum speed of 160km/h. Though, that train causes a derailment accident and 39 people dead because of an insufficient railroad equipment. This accident triggered to decrease a nation’s confidence at train system and the number of passengers of railroad also decreased. Turkish government most focus on road maintenance and improvement. Domestic road network has 63,220km long (in 2004). Not only the cargo transportation but also the passenger transportation is mainly ran by buses bus terminal called “Otogal” and there are many bus company exists and provide many tracks as very often frequency of service. In Turkey, because of the nation’s compensation of employees are still low, and the very high percentage of taxes in gasoline, diffusion rate of car is low. In agricultural area, people uses tractor or horse to transport people and crops. In 2013 there were 98 airports in Turkey, including 22 international airports. In 2014, Istanbul Atatürk Airport is the 13th busiest airport in the world,...
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...the precipitation of carbonate minerals from ambient temperature water bodies. | Arkose is a detrital sedimentary rock, specifically a type of sandstone containing at least 25% feldspar. | Syenite a coarse-grained gray igneous rock composed mainly of alkali feldspar and ferromagnesian minerals. | Tephrite is an igneous, volcanic (extrusive) rock, with aphanitic to porphyritic texture. | Monolith a large single upright block of stone, especially one shaped into or serving as a pillar or monument. | Peridotite is a dense, coarse-grained igneous rock, consisting mostly of the minerals olivine and pyroxene. | Amphibolite is a coarse-grained metamorphic rock that is composed of amphibole minerals and plagioclase feldspar. | Magnetite is a mineral and one of the three common naturally-occurring oxides of iron. | Rhyolite is an igneous, volcanic rock, of felsic (silica-rich) composition (typically > 69% SiO2 | Pelite is a term applied to metamorphic rocks derived from a fine-grained sedimentary protolith. | Turbidite a type of sedimentary rock composed of layered particles that have originated from the oceans. | Siltstone is a sedimentary rock which has a grain size in the silt range, finer than sandstone and coarser than claystones. | Pumice is a light-colored, extremely porous igneous rock that forms during explosive volcanic eruptions. | Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed primarily of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in the form of the mineral calcite. | Troctolite is a mafic...
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...Picturing the Subsurface With GIS: Data Visualization Techniques for Geophysical Images Using ArcGIS By Lucas Donny Setijadji Geoscientists try to understand the earth's crust using geophysical methods such as gravity and magnetic surveys. Mining geologists also use geophysics to search new mineral deposits. In areas such as the Nevada Great Basin, geoscientists rely more on geophysical images than on geologic maps. The Great Basin area holds one of the biggest mineral concentrations in the world. Economically, gold is the most prominent commodity. The most important gold deposits are hosted by carbonate rocks, called the Carlin-type and Carlin-like gold deposits. Carlin-type and Carlin-like gold deposits are unique geologically, are abundant in Nevada, and are hardly found elsewhere. Although much research has been done, a lot of the geology is still unclear. This paper discusses how ArcGIS provides a tool for research on mineral resources. Emphasis is on the functionality of ArcGIS to handle multiple data sets and maps as well as data visualization techniques using ArcGIS. Great Basin Geology Figure 1 shows the distribution of known gold deposits combined with topography, young geologic rocks, and county lines. Data sets were downloaded and compiled from several United States Geological Survey (USGS) Web sites (e.g., Raines et al., 1996). Data processing was done using ArcGIS 8.3 and its 3D Analyst extension. The Great Basin is complicated by its physiography...
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...Mining Copper The chosen mineral I have chosen to discuss is Copper. Everyday more and more phones are being purchased making the need for copper greater and the need for new phones more demanding making all the minerals in the phone much more used and more commonly mined. Here is a fun fact more IPhones are purchased per day then babies are born each day as there are 1.8 million smart phones alone sold each day and there is approximately 16g of copper in each Phone and if you do the math that means 28 thousand and eight hundred kilograms of copper is needed per day just in smart phones. Copper is mined all over the world and Australia is one of the biggest copper producers in the world and the exports made form austral with copper are worth...
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