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Ikea China (Indo)

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Submitted By casbanet
Words 680
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Tugas Mata Kuliah
Manajemen Pemasaran Strategik

A Standardised approack to world?
IKEA in China
Oleh :
Jordan Indratama – 1106034194

MAGISTER MANAJEMEN
Fakultas Ekonomi – Universitas Indonesia
2011/2012

A Standardised approack to world? IKEA in China
IKEA merupakan perusahaan penyediaan perabotan rumah tangga yang sudah membuka cabangnya sebanyak 216 cabang pada 24 negara. IKEA adalah perusahaan perabotan rumah tangga yang berasal dari Swedia sejak tahun 1943 dan perkembangan bisnisnya sudah sangat sukses di benua Eropa dan Amerika. Sejak tahun 1998 barulah IKEA melakukan ekspansi bisnisnya di Cina yang mereka anggap merupakan salah satu peluang bisnis terbesar di benua asia.

Di Cina sendiri IKEA pada tahun 2006 membuka gerainya sebanyak 3 cabang dan di tahun 2012 kini sudah melakukan ekspansi berikutnya hingga 10 cabang. Perkembangan IKEA di Cina dibandingkan negara lain termasuk lambat dan juga pada tahun 2004 hingga 2005 menghasilkan pertumbuhan sales hingga 50 persen akan tetapi dengan turnover yang ada bisa dibilang belom menghasilkan profit. Namun IKEA menganggap pertumbuhan di Cina masih terbilang sukses karena telah berhasil melakukan standardisasi di setiap negara yang diekspansi.

Meski IKEA menganggap pertumbuhannya di Cina sukses, IKEA tetap mempelajari standardisasi yang mereka lakukan jika ingin terus berkembang untuk menyaingi pasaran bisnis yang ada di Cina. Sesuai dengan teori yang diterapkan Dawson dan Mukoyama yang mengatakan sebuah perusahaanyang bergerak secara internasional harus melakukan adaptasi dibangdingkan hanya mempertahankan standardisasinya. Maka IKEA melakukan adaptasi pada strategi bisnisnya dalam 4 P (product, price, place, dan promotion) tanpa menghilangkan core bisnis mereka.

Adaptasi yang dilakukan IKEA terutama pada hal Price, pada pasaran negara sebelumnya yaitu Eropa dan Amerika, harga yang ditawarkan tergolong pada harga yang low end ditambah konsep desain yang ditawarkan cukup menarik. Di Cina harga IKEA masih tergolong tinggi dan untuk mengatasinya IKEA melakukan penyesuain harga dengan disesuaikan sistem operasinal yang lebih efisien sehingga bisa memotong cost yang ada. Ditambah lagi Konsep IKEA adalah ‘Do It Yourself’ (DIY), konsep ini berhasil untuk memotong cost operasional di Eropa dan Amerika karena sesuai dengan budaya mereka yang serba mandiri dalam melakukan tugasnya akan tetapi hal ini tidak berhasil dilakukan IKEA pada benua Asia terutama di Cina dan Jepang. Sehingga IKEA pada pasarnya di Cina melakukan pelayanan antar dan perakitan untuk para konsumennya.

Dalam hal Product IKEA di Cina melakukan adaptasi yaitu menyesuaikan kebutuhan keseharian masyarakat Cina yang berbeda dengan negara lain. Hal ini juga dilengkapi dengan produksi barang yang menggunakan staff operasional dan bahan baku lokal dari Cina sendiri sehingga harga low price yang diharapkan konsumennya di Cina juga terlengkapi.

Penempatan atau Place yang dilakukan IKEA disesuaikan dengan standardisasi mereka yaitu lokasi yang strategis. Hal yang menjadi adaptasi dari IKEA dalam menerapkan konsepnya di Cina yaitu lokasi strategis tersebut harus mudah dicapai dengan transportasi yang ada dan hal lainnya adalah format retail yang ada dengan menyediak space jalan yang lebih lebar, balcony, dan area servis lainnya yang lebih memadai.

Media Promotion yang diterapkan memang diadaptasi dengan pasaran yang berada di Cina. Dalam hal nama IKEA sendiri di Cina menggunakan nama China yaitu Yi Jia yang merupakan pronounce dari kata IKEA yang berarti hal-hal yang diinginkan dan nyaman untuk rumah anda. Target pasar IKEA di Cina menganggap bahwa pria merupakan target pasar yang hanya perlu dilakukan secara tidak langsung/indirect, akan tetapi target pasar utamanya adalah wanita yang merupakan pengambil keputusan dengan target pasar konsumen muda yaitu umur 25 hingga 35 tahun. Target utama lainnya yaitu untuk generasi muda yang lebih memperhatikan lifestyle dan lebih mudah untuk dipengaruhi yaitu sekitar usia 15 hingga 27 tahun biasa disebut the little emperors. Segmen ini mencapai 30 juta populasi manusia. Promosi lain yang dilakukan lebih kepada 70 persen untuk pemasaran media katalog seperti yang biasa dilakukan IKEA.

KESIMPULAN
Perusahaan yang bergerak pada skala international terutama pada bidang produksi dan retailing sebagai contoh dalam kasus ini IKEA memang perlu untuk mempertahankan standardisasi mereka sebagai core bisnis mereka. Akaan tetapi perlu diperhatikan bahwa perilaku konsumen setiap negara tentu berbeda sehingga jika ingin bisa bersaing dan bertahan perlu dilakukan adaptasi terutama pada 4 P ((product, price, place, dan promotion). Dalam hal ini IKEA masih bisa terus menggembangkan pasarannya di Cina dengan melakukan adaptasi yang dilakukannya tersebut.

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