... | |Activity 1 | | |Understand the impact of employment law at the start of the | | |employment relationship | | | |2 – 4 | |Activity 2 | | |Understand the main individual rights that the employee has | | |during the employment relationship | | | |4 – 10 | |Activity 3 | | |Understand the issues to address at the termination of the | | |employment relationship...
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...OF THE IMPACT OF EARLY YEARS PROVISION ON YOUNG CHILDREN, WITH EMPHASIS GIVEN TO CHILDREN FROM DISADVANTAGED BACKGROUNDS Edward C. Melhuish Institute for the Study of Children, Families & Social Issues Birkbeck, University of London Prepared for the National Audit Office The views expressed in this paper are not necessarily those of the National Audit Office. Address of author Institute for the Study of Children, Families & Social Issues 7 Bedford Square London WC1B 3RA Email: e.melhuish@bbk.ac.uk Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 1. Introduction 1.1. The context of childcare research 1.2 Types of childcare and pre-school provision 1.3 Evidence on developmental effects 1.4 Structure of report 7 7 8 10 10 2. Childcare as intervention 2.1 Research methodology 2.2 Randomised Control Trials (RCTs) 2.2.1 Ypsilanti/High Scope/Perry Pre-school Study 2.2.2 Abecedarian Project 2.2.3 Project CARE 2.2.4 Milwaukee Project 2.2.5 Infant Health and Development Program (IHDP) 2.2.6 Early Head Start (EHS) 2.2.7 Hackney study Table 1: Summary of Randomised Control Trials of Interventions 2.3 Quasi-experimental Studies 2.3.1 Head Start 2.3.2 Chicago Child – Parent Center Program 2.3.3 Syracuse Study 2.3.4 Brookline Early Education Project 2.3.5 Diverse State-based programmes in the US 2.3.6 Meta-analyses and reviews Table 2: Summary of Quasi-experimental Evaluations of Interventions 2.3.7 Summary of childcare as intervention ...
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...EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION AND CARE key lessons from research for policy makers An independent report submitted to the European Commission by the NESSE networks of experts www.nesse.fr EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION AND CARE - KEY LESSONS FROM RESEARCH FOR POLICY MAKERS This is an independent report commissioned by the European Commission's DirectorateGeneral for Education and Culture. The views expressed are those of independent experts and do not necessarily represent the official position of the European Commission. The main author of this report is Helen Penn, currently Professor of Early Childhood in the Cass School of Education, University of East London, UK, and a member of the NESSE network of experts. Drafts of this report benefited from comments and advice from other NESSE network members and from other experts in this field. Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. The electronic version of this report is available at: http://www.nesse.fr/nesse/activities/reports For further information on this report and for printed copies you can contact: Dr. Angelos Agalianos European Commission Directorate-General for Education and Culture Tel.: +32-2-29.55.098 © European Commission, 2009 ISBN: 978-92-79-12470-9 2 EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION AND CARE - KEY LESSONS FROM RESEARCH FOR POLICY MAKERS FOREWORD Investing in quality Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) is crucial. It is at this stage that the foundations are laid for...
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... Work–Life ‘Balance’ in Europe Rosemary Crompton and Clare Lyonette Department of Sociology, City University, London, UK abstract: Although work–life ‘balance’ is an EU policy priority, within Europe there are considerable variations in the nature and extent of supports that national governments have offered to dual-earner families. In general, the Nordic welfare states offer the highest level of supports, although other countries, such as France, have historically offered extensive childcare supports to working mothers. We examine national variations in reported levels of work–life conflict, drawing upon questions fielded in the 2002 Family module International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) surveys for Britain, France, Finland, Norway and Portugal. We find evidence of a ‘societal effect’ in the cases of Finland and Norway, in that significantly lower levels of work–life conflict are reported in these countries even after a range of factors have been controlled for. However, support for childcare in...
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...To what extent have gender inequalities been reinforced, rather than reduced, by social policy in Germany and Sweden? Social policy in the modern western world is constantly developing in terms of equality, especially in the promotion of gender equality in society. Radical improvements such as the right for women to work, to vote and the equal opportunities available in terms of education; has radically improved the position of women, mothers and single parents in economic forerunners such as Germany and Sweden, with the gender gap being arguably non-existent if compared to previous generations. However, it is still apparent that there are startling differences between the two countries in terms of welfare benefits and social policy affecting men and women, with neither achieving the desired goal of an egalitarian society. Within his ground-breaking study on welfare state regime-types, Gøsta Esping-Andersen argues that gender imbalances within social policy is the outcome and production of the specific welfare-regime type the state possesses, suggesting that whether traditionalist or socialist in their views, welfare states dominate policies, consequently determining which social group benefits such as the bourgeoisie or proletariat, the majority or minority or men or women for example. (Esping-Andersen, 1990: 24) The first chancellor of Germany, Otto Von Bismarck created a social insurance system in 1873, of which became a pioneering model for the basis of the...
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...Though there has been a growing trend of acceptance in nations, including Singapore towards less conventional families, as stated by Matthew Matthews for the Straits Times, “the overwhelming number of children [in Singapore] grow up in households with their fathers and mothers,” (Matthews, 2015) compared the United States, where unconventional families are already the norm. Singaporeans thus face increased difficulty in understanding the circumstances behind and the experiences regarding single-parent families, and are thus less likely to support better conditions for these families, or may even be unaware of them. Though this is indeed a by-product of government policy as stated earlier, such knowledge can still be learnt, such as the possible circumstances behind single-parent families, and that it is sometimes...
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...article serves as an in-depth analysis of lives of low-income single mothers and their children. The cycle that happens with single mothers, the absence of the biological fathers and the stress that is often brought upon low-income single mothers all have the ability to affect the social, emotional and the cognitive development of the child. This article will be useful to anyone wondering about some of the struggles of low-income single mother households and the adverse effect on the child. Empirical articles were used to support the research of this article. The article supports the notion that low-income single mothers are often in a great struggle to pull themselves out of poverty. More readily available resources for single mothers including on-the-job training and financial resources for single mothers to be able to go back to school would greatly help low-income single mothers as they try to successfully raise their families. Keywords: single mother, low-income families, poverty The Effects of Living in Low-Income Single Mother Families The number of single-mother families in the United States has continued to increase steadily in the past few years. With close to 25 percent (one-fourth) of the 75 million children that are under the age of 18 in the United States being raised by single-mothers, this specific demographic is clearly one that cannot be ignored (Mather, 2010). The dramatic rise of children living in single-mother families has caused significant concern among...
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...Outcome 1: Understand the impact of employment law at the start of the employment relationship. |Assessment Criteria | |Describe the internal and external factors that impact on the employment relationship. | |Indicative Content | |Context: | |the context within which the employment relationship operates, the impact of internal and external factors. | |Think about your own organisation and consider the internal and external factors that may have an impact on the employment relationship | |Describe at least 2 external factors and explain why they have an impact | |Describe at least 2 internal factors and explain why they have an impact | | | |The employment relationship is principally...
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...Case Analysis 3 BA370 Employment Law Robert Harvey Lanier v. City of Woodburn In the case of Lanier v. City of Woodburn it is discussed if passing a preemployment drug test is required for the conditional of job offer as being constitutional. This case also discusses that a government employer is unable to demonstrate that it had a special need to drug-test a job candidate. Also whether or not drug testing should be used a determining factor in the hiring decision of a potential employee within the organization. Another important aspect to look at in the discussion of drug testing is whether or not if the job candidate can refuse drug testing without facing adverse employment consequences. There are many types of employment tests that many employers base their hiring and promotion decisions on. Employment tests are also used by employers within an organization to screen for fitness of the individual and whether or not they would be able to complete the job that would be required of them. Some of the these tests that completed by employers are designed to identify disqualifying characteristics such as illegal drug use, lack of truthfulness, intelligence, psychological, skill, and physical in order to complete any or all of the jobs that may be required of the employees in order to work for a particular organization. Not only is dug testing looked at in this case but also whether or not the Fourth Amendment is violated on the basis of unreasonable search and seizure that...
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... Introduction: Aim: My aim is to investigate and present a comprehensive and informative profile of the history of the Early Childhood Education and Care (ECCE) sector today in Ireland. Objectives: My objectives are to: * Present informative overview of the history of the ECCE provision in Ireland and the development of the ECCE sector. * Examine and provide a detailed description of the legal regulations and the rights of the child in the ECCE sector in Ireland today. * Present range of occupations of the ECCE sector in Ireland and their role. * Investigate the qualifications and experience necessary with one chosen occupation in the ECCE sector. * Investigate career opportunities that are available in the childcare sector. Rationale: It is important for me to have a good knowledge and the history of the ECCE provision in Ireland as this is my chosen career. It is very important for me to understand how the Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) has progressed over the years and also investigate the different range of occupations in the ECCE sector. As it’s my chosen career it is important for me to have a good knowledge of the legal regulations of the ECCE provision in Ireland. This assignment will help me to investigate progression routs for me to complete my current course of study and give me a good understanding of the ECCE sector. 1: Provide a comprehensive profile of the history and development of the ECCE sector in Ireland: According...
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...SOCIOLOGY 1A06 – DECEMBER EXAM REVIEW 1. The Sociological approach: a. is not scientific b. suggests that relations we have with other people create opportunities for us to think and act c. suggests that relations we have with other people set limits on our thoughts and actions d. leaves the study of personal issues to psychologists e. b and c * EXPLANATION: Although sociology contains both objective and subjective elements it is a science. Sociologists observe reality in a systematic and controlled manner and evaluate the validity of their ideas based on observations. Objectivity plays the role of a reality check while subjectivity makes us set our priorities for research. The sociological approach to improving human welfare is based on the idea that the relations we have with other people create opportunities for us to think and act but also set limits on our thoughts and actions. Accordingly, we can better understand that what we are and what we can become by studying the social relations that help shape us. FOR EXAMPLE: even the most personal issues can be studied using a sociological approach Suicide could have been seen as an anti-social act caused by psychological distress but Durkheim studied it from a sociological perspective correlating it to “social solidarity”, how frequently people interact with others and share their beliefs, values and morals. Social forces then determine the likelihood to commit suicide. Sociologists use...
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...1. ,,COMPREHENSIVE DESCRIPTION OF THE ELEMENTS OF AN EFFECTIVE SCHOOL AGE CHILDCARE PROGRAMME.,, Introduction. After-school services may provide important opportunities for young children within age of school going. In fact participation in high-quality after-school services is related to a positive outcomes for participants, including greater self-confidence, increased civic engagement, better school attendance, improved academic achievement and decreased delinquency. 1. School age childcare. After school projects can be organised in different ways and in different settings. The most common types of services available include: 1. A project where children and young people are cared for in a safe and secure play and recreational environment. 2. Mixed environments where children and young people can play, do homework and are supported in all activities. Social, sporting and cultural activities are seen as the most important features of these programmes. Afterschool Care for children of school going age, after school until you finish work. Usually incorporates an evening meal or snack and supervised time to complete homework exercises. But it’s not all work, afterschool play and outdoor activities are also included! Basically we can define School Age Childcare as being “Childcare for school going children provided outside of normal school hours where the same children attend the childcare facility on a regular basis and access to the service is clearly defined by...
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...all staff who may come across concerns of| |this nature within the context of their work for Ofsted. | Age group: All Published: September 2010 Reference no: 100183 Contents Part 1. Safeguarding children and young people policy 4 Purpose of this document 4 The definition of safeguarding 5 Aims and objectives of the policy 6 Ofsted’s responsibilities 6 Future action 8 Part 2. Procedures for responding to specific child protection concerns about children at risk of significant harm 8 Section 1. Scope of the procedure 8 Section 2. Immediate action to take if, as a member of Ofsted staff, you observe abuse while it is taking place 10 Section 3. Immediate action to take if you receive an allegation of possible significant harm to a child or young person 11 Section 4. Identification of level of concern and next steps 13 Section 5. Subsequent action in all cases 14 Section 6. National Business Unit, CIE staff, and the Ofsted complaints team 15 Section 7. Allegations about a member of Ofsted staff 16 Section 8. Concerns arising during registration 16 Part 3. Safeguarding vulnerable adults 16 Policy and procedures 16 Annex 1. Definitions 20 Annex 2. Complaints or concerns about our staff 28 Annex 3. The legislative context 32 Annex 4. Safeguarding flowchart 43 Part 1. Safeguarding children and young people policy 1. Ofsted’s aim is to...
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... Policies and procedures are set in place to not only protect children and young people but also adults who work with them. It is vital that all professionals follow safe working practices to ensure that not only children are protected but also themselves. I have chosen to talk about in a childcare setting for this unit. An example is, if a disclosure is made by a child to a member of staff, it is vital that it is always taken seriously even if it is proven to be untrue or inaccurate. The child or young person should be listened to in a calm supportive manner which will allow them to talk freely and openly, it is also imperative that they are reassured about telling someone and how hard it must have been for them. Once the disclosure has been made and the child is calmed and secure, the employee or adult should inform the designated safeguarding officer, relevant notes should be written down in the child’s own words, including names that were mentioned, time and place of disclosure and place and background of the disclosure. In every setting there should be on display or on view a policy and procedure folder. This is there for everybody to look at and to show support of safe working. The policies and procedures are put in place to benefit staff, children, parents/carers and visitors. It is very important for parents, for example, they trust who is looking after their children. Some organisations have a free flow system (childcare settings) that enable children to access...
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...mothers has risen, and large numbers of immigrants with little education have entered the U.S. The combination of these factors have resulted in approximately 20% of our country’s children living in poverty, which is 50% higher than 1969. Historically, the foundational basis for lifting the disenfranchised out of poverty is education. One of the first steps of the civil rights movement was a grassroots movement educating the poor and disenfranchised to a level of literacy that would enable them to register to vote. This strategy was led by Stephen Currier and his wife, Audrey Bruce, the granddaughter of Andrew Mellon, during the early 1960s. Their Taconic Foundation brought the leading civil rights groups together with other foundations including the Stern, Rockefeller, and Norman foundations. The funding to civil rights advocacy associations was matched with volunteers throughout the South who tutored prospective voters in literacy and then sent them back to their own communities to teach others. The Currier’s Taconic Foundation also funded a program in Harlem that had been developed at New York University. The goal was teaching disadvantaged children concepts and skills needed for school, while developing motivation and self-confidence. It was possibly the first project to focus on...
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