...Cultural Differences Amongst Social Interaction Throughout this semester, I have found myself quite interested in the multitude of topics and theories that we have discussed up to this point. From the way a child grows and changes physically, mentally, and socially, to the basic research methods that allow scientists to make these discoveries, the subject of the developing life is simply mesmerizing. There are countless factors, both major and minor, that go into the recipe of who we are as individuals and it is within this mixture of the elements of our being that I find my topic of most appeal: culture. Culture is, at least in my own opinion, what transforms the basic, generic human being into the actual “person”. If the basic functioning process of the body and mind are the core of life, then culture is its framework and it determines who we are and how we interact with the diverse world around us. Culture is properly defined as the set of ideas, behaviors, attitudes, and traditions that exist within large groups of people. Within this definition of culture, and especially in the real world, these fundamentals interact with each other to create endless combinations of cultural influence. For example, a child who grows up in an environment that emphasizes dedication to the family may have a completely different set of beliefs, attitudes, and traditions than a child who grows up in a family that does not consider the strength of family relationships to be most important....
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...cross-regionally. PESTL Economic * Managers salaries depended on locations * APAC plants were the top selling ones-Wrong HR decisions would prove costly * Unique economic conditions of each country cause difficulty in implementing a common selection process Social ANGLO | ASIAN | * Low Power Distance * Masculine Society * Individualist Society | * High Power Distance * Feminine Society * Collectivist Society | Cultural * There were substantial cultural differences between Anglo (Ex: German) and Asians (Ex: Chinese) nations. ANGLO | ASIAN | Informal Interactions Disagreements & differences were not treated as threat; free expression Hate waffling Governed by own conscience and internal sense of right and wrong. | Formal Interactions Emphasis of politeness, respect & emotional restraint. Circling around the topic More focussed on what others would say; led down when publically challenged. | Legal * Faulty HR policy can create legal issues. SWOT Analysis of Present System STRENGTH * The selection process varied amongst different countries hence it catered to cultural differences in a better way. * 90% of candidates were from the same country as the one they would be working in * Structured interviews by HR Specialist and department representative | WEAKNESS * Individual assessment centres were conducted by External consulting firms and hence...
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...economies is the determination of wages by the market. Inequality is caused by the differences in the supply and demand for different types of work. In a purely capitalist mode of production the workers wages will not be controlled by these organizations, nor by the employer, but rather by the market. Wages work in the same way as prices for any other good. Thus, wages can be considered as a function of market price of skill. And therefore, inequality is driven by this price. Under the law of supply and demand, the price of skill is determined by a race between the demand for the skilled worker and the supply of the skilled worker. We would expect the price to rise when demand exceeds supply, and vice versa. Employers who offer a below market wage will find that their business is chronically understaffed. Their competitors will take advantage of the situation by offering a higher wage to snatch up the best of their labor. For a businessman who has the profit motive as the prime interest, it is a losing proposition to offer below or above market wages to workers.[13] A job where there are many workers willing to work a large amount of time (high supply) competing for a job that few require (low demand) will result in a low wage for that job. This is because competition between workers drives down the wage. An example of this would be jobs such as dish-washing or customer service. Competition amongst workers tends to drive down wages due to the expendable nature of the worker in relation...
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...Name: Course: Institution: Date: Ethnic Studies. Humans have since time immemorial always had a deeply rooted psychological and social need to belong or identify with a community or group that provides interaction with fellow humans, protection from external dangers and gives each member a sense of belonging. Ethnicity can be defined as a group of people who see themselves as unique or distinct from others due to imagined or real mutual history, values and traditions. These things set them apart or distinguish them from their neighbouring ethnicities. Ethnicity also entails the sharing of specific ethnic traits, backgrounds, associations, allegiances or affiliations. There are therefore innumerable ethnicities all over the world which are composed of groups of people bound together by a common factor among them all, which could be racial, cultural, religion, tribal, national, ideological or linguistic. With so many differences between the various ethnicities in their cultures, values, traditions and beliefs, conflict between them is ultimately inevitable. Ethnic groups are almost always never socially homogenous nor are they ever united politically. (Cornell, 39) Several divisive factors are always present within such groups e.g. differences in ideology, social status, class, and religion. When differences between ethnicities fail to spark conflict among them, a particularly dominant ethnicity may attempt to establish hegemony in an area. When the minority ethnicities get the...
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...Foundations of Human Development in the Social Environment Jessica Green BSHS/325 August 29th, 2015 Sandra Mathews Foundations of Human Development in the Social Environment Most of our lives are spent interacting with others. Be it with family, friends, coworkers, or strangers, social interaction is an unavoidable aspect of our lives. Social development is frequently influenced by and influences biological and psychological development. Diversity and cultural competence also affect social development, and general systems theory plays a role in the social order. To better understand how and why humans interact the way we do, these topics will be further expanded on. Bio-Psycho-Social Dimensions of Development There are many facets that work together to create an individual. Human beings are complex, and what influences one part of an individual’s being subsequently influences every part of that person’s life. The biological, psychological, and social dimensions all influence each other and are influenced by each other through dynamic interactions that affect an individual’s entire being (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman, 2010). Biological and social developments are often easily observable, while psychological development might be more difficult to specify as an outsider, but the effects can be manifested through observable behavior or biological changes. For example, picture a teenage girl that contracts an illness. She is bedridden and misses several weeks of school...
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...Emotional expressions are key in social interaction for they are deemed as the communicators of emotional experience. They can be controlled voluntarily and automatically, both means studied to develop a deeper understanding about human social interactions (Gnepp & Hess, 1986). As defined by Ekman and Friesen (1975), "display rules" are the regulators in which emotional expressions are controlled and when and how individuals do so. These display rules explain how emotional expressions are controlled via individuals' facial expressions and speech, which involve prosocial (benefiting another individual) or self-protective (protecting themselves) reasoning behind them (Saarni, 1981). Alongside these reasoning, there include many factors that influence children's use of cultural display rules, such as being placed in a circumstance where they are alone or among an audience, their age and even the possibility of gender influences (Gnepp & Hess, 1986). These are important areas to investigate as it...
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...cultures Sarahi Alvarenga 05 July 2013 Walden University Cultural diversity refers to the process through which different cultures respect other people’s differences and the variety of human cultures or societies. In general, cultural diversity therefore refers to the existence of different value systems and multiplicity of subcultures in a multicultural or plural society or any other setting. Cultural diversity therefore calls for people to appreciate other people’s culture by respecting their way of life and the way they perform their different rituals, taboos and other cultural practices (Lee, et al, 2011). One of the most important developments in the history of Human service has been the realization that many overall markets are up of significantly different groups Culture may be defined as ‘ The way of life of a people ,including their attitudes , values , beliefs , arts, sciences, modes of perception , and habits of thought and activity .Culture defines how individuals live and behave in an environment and how their perceptions are shaped which affect the mutual relationship between both the individuals who are part of that environment and those who interact with that environment .For organizations , cultural differences are becoming more and more important . With globalization, workforce diversity has increased and cultural impacts are shaping organization‘s performance. These cultural differences have profound impact over Human service practices such as training;...
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...Krystal Rowland CRASH: SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES “Sociology is the study of human behavior in society” (Kimmel and Aronson 2012). Sociologists study humans in their environments and the social interactions that occur in those environments in order to develop theories of how human behavior is shaped by groups of people and or how life is affected by those individuals. Paul Haggis’ movie Crash (Haggis 2005) contains both social and multicultural differences that we as humans experience in our society and in our world everyday. In the movie, he takes us on a journey through a sociological process made up of racism, social class, and gender which all play roles in stereotypes and assumptions we make about others. Crash is set in the city of Los Angeles, California as it continues to grow as a multicultural society, exploring how racial intolerance and prejudice are problems for all of the United States. The movie Crash (Haggis 2005), explains many of the sociological concepts that explain how one’s behavior or actions can have a direct effect on another persons life, shaping it profoundly and changing the outcome forever. The first few lines of the movie basically set the sociological tone for the film. Graham, played by Don Cheadle says, “It’s the sense of touch. In any real city, you walk, you know? You brush past people, people bump into you. In L.A., nobody touches you. We’re always behind this metal and glass. I think we miss that touch so much, that we crash...
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...Piaget and Lev Vygotsky. The definition of cognitive development can be explained as the ability to think, reason and remember; it is a vital part and plays an important role in the development of children into adults. Piaget believed that children were responsible for their own learning through explicit instructional and discovery learning; whereas Vygotsky’s theory concentrated on children learning through their Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) and scaffolding. Vygotsky’s definition of the ZPD was the distance between the knowledge a child could gain on their own compared to what the child was able to learn with guidance (Duchesne, McNaugh, Bochrer and Krause, 2013). Although they take different approaches, both theorists agree that social interaction played a role in children’s development. This essay will link these theories and principles to the teaching strategies used in classrooms and in particular the practices used in the provided scenario of Ann’s Year 5 Science class. Piaget’s constructivist method adopted the idea that children build their own knowledge individually through the initial instruction from the teacher followed by the exploration of their own environment. This method is a balanced teaching practice that can be used in classrooms as it allows learners to be responsible for their own knowledge development (Lourenco, 2012). Ann uses these principles in the indoor classroom where she provides the children with explicit instruction about seeds and then allows...
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...Eye contact Eye Contact Eye contact is an important aspect of non-verbal behaviour. In interpersonal interaction, it serves three main purposes: * To give and receive feedback: Looking at someone lets them know that the receiver is concentrating on the content of their speech. Not maintaining eye contact can indicate disinterest. Communication may not be a smooth process if a listener averts their eyes too frequently. * To let a partner know when it is their 'turn' to speak: This is related to the above point. Eye contact is more likely to be continuous when someone is listening, rather than speaking. When a person has finished what they have to say, they will look directly at the other person and this gives a signal that the arena is open. If someone does not want to be interrupted, eye contact may be avoided. * To communicate something about a relationship between people: When you dislike someone, you tend to avoid eye contact and pupil size is often reduced. On the other hand, the maintenance of positive eye contact signals interest or attraction in a partner. It's well known that good communication is the foundation of any successful relationship, be it personal or professional. It's important to recognize, though, that it's our nonverbal communication—our facial expressions, gestures, eye contact, posture, and tone of voice—that speak the loudest. The ability to understand and use nonverbal communication, or body language, is a powerful tool that can help you connect...
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...------------------------------------------------- Assignment 1 Cross Cultural Study MGMT 978: Cross Cultural management MGMT 978: Cross Cultural management Outline: Creating a rich understanding of cultural behavior in the workplace using primary data from local organizations and cross cultural theory. Outline: Creating a rich understanding of cultural behavior in the workplace using primary data from local organizations and cross cultural theory. Supervised by Dr. Alison Thirlwall Supervised by Dr. Alison Thirlwall Group Members Kawtar ASSILA Fadoua Nqairi Bhumika Chhatwani - 3378251 Omar Setti Ghassan Ouajnati - 4433543 Group Members Kawtar ASSILA Fadoua Nqairi Bhumika Chhatwani - 3378251 Omar Setti Ghassan Ouajnati - 4433543 In Green: to be put in appendix in red: to be put in transcript remarks: make the findings part shorter highlight the concepts of ethnocentrism (French consultant) highlight the concepts of high context and low context (all of three) Background: Every culture has elementary principles of viewpoints and these differences affect the beliefs practiced at work as well as communication carried out amongst employees. Thus it is important for managers and employees in a work environment to understand the importance of it to have a mutual synchronization while performing their job. The research we have conducted for our analysis is based on an Irish multinational executive search firm called Practice...
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...Quinn (1997). The importance of employee language and organisational discourses are presented from the empirical data on “Aspects of Organisational Culture and Change” in Lincolnshire and Nottinghamshire to demonstrate the epistemological and ontological dilemmas faced by researchers in organisational analysis. Symbolic interactionism and stories are also used to highlight the importance of speech actors within an organisational change context in order to surface some of these dilemmas in business studies in general and management research in particular. These two provide alternative positions to Strauss and Quinn’s “maintained” analysis of how organisations and managers implement change interventions and employees’ reactions to these. Amongst some of my principal objectives is to demonstrate what can be contributed when researchers focus on what can be considered credible and valid knowledge that can be generalised in organisational and management studies. Keywords: language, methodological dilemmas, epistemology, theory and practice. 1. Introduction This paper focuses on the exploration of some of the philosophical and practical dilemmas faced by researchers in business and management sciences. I examine Strauss and Quinn’s (1997) methodological approach to the study of organisational and management practices to point out some of these dilemmas especially in the context of how employees experience organisational culture change. I question the rather...
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...Experience Design is a relatively new field of design that still has yet to be explored in depth. It is hard to narrow down what exactly Experience Design is. This seems to be a common theme amongst Experience Designers in their attempt to explain what exactly it is that they do. I read through numerous case studies, books, articles, journals, etc. and never came across a clear definition that fit my understanding of Experience Design, much like most others that have written on this topic. Fifteen years ago, Nathan Shedroff, who is considered a pioneer of experience design, interaction design, and information design, wrote in his introduction to Experience Design 1 that “Experience Design as a discipline is so new that its very definition is...
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...GEOG 1410 Practice Questions for December 2013 Exam Lecture 1 1. What is the difference between place and space? By definition, a place is both an objective location that is unique and interdependent with other places as well as a subjective concept tied with personal emotion and meaning, created through human experience. On the other hand, spaces are more abstract and are not associated with any social value or connections. 2. What is the defining component of globalization? Explain. The defining component of globalization centers on the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence between places around the world through social, cultural, economic, political, and technological change. Such changes inevitably alter the human experience of place and space and leads to shifts of thinking from one population to the next. Over time, cultures begin to overlap and influence each other and this influence plays immense roles in the development of independent nations’ political and economic systems as well as the well being of their people. Lecture 2 3. Define “chorology” and the importance of a “chorological view” to Geography. Chorology is defined as “the study of regions and spaces”. The modern discipline can be traced back to 18th century philosophers: Immanuel Kant believed all knowledge could be divided into either geography (classifying things according to space) or history (classifying things according to time). Geography was seen at first only in terms of exploration...
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...statement with reference to contemporary research on cross-cultural negotiation and use examples to illustrate your analysis Introduction: Former President and charismatic leader of the United States John F. Kennedy once stated that, “We cannot negotiate with people who say what's mine is mine and what's yours is negotiable” (Kennedy, 1961). This timeless quotation epitomizes and typifies in essence what can commonly be regarded as cooperative negotiation. Formally, the term negotiation is commonly defined as two or more parties or groups deliberating amongst each other endeavoring to achieve a decisive result, which is mutually beneficial for both entities. When considering the process of negotiation across contrasting geographic locations or countries, negotiators have to understand the repercussions which heterogeneous cultures have in the final outcome of a potential deliberation. Culture is defined as the ‘unwritten rules of society’ (Hofstede et al, 2010) and most typically refers to those characteristics or values, which are unconsciously embedded in a large group of citizens through the ongoing processes of tradition and various forms of education. Understanding the pertinence of cultural differences and the significance which they bare in terms of cross-cultural negotiation, is essential to reaching an eventual agreement which is mutually beneficial between parties. However, an over-emphasis on cultural discrepancies may also lead to negotiations becoming protracted...
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