...The theme of this book is individual-rights verses public-order, specifically; the rights guaranteed by the constitution to criminal suspects and law abiding citizens need to be upheld and defended. On the public-order side of things, the needs of communities to be protected from unlawful and/or harmful behavior must be recognized as well. These two sides have opposing groups: individual-rights advocates and public-order advocates. Individual-rights advocates focus on just that. They make sure the rights of citizens and suspects are both upheld (like the right to a speedy trial and bail). Public-order advocates are there to make sure that the public (communities) are also protected from unacceptable behavior... Describe the American experience with crime during the last half century. What noteworthy criminal incidents or activities can you identify during that time, and what social and economic conditions might have produced them? The American experience with crime during the last half century has been especially influential in shaping the criminal justice system of today. Although crime waves have come and gone, some events during the past century stand out as especially significant, including a spurt of widespread organized criminal activity associated with the Prohibition years of the early twentieth century; the substantial increase in “traditional” crimes during the 1960s and 1970s; the threat to the American way of life represented by illicit drugs around the same time;...
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...Court System of the United States Curtis Sweed May 19, 2013 AJS/502 Professor John Baiamonte, Jr. In the United States every person is given the right to pursue life, liberty, and freedom. When people fail to comply with the laws of the United States there is a penalty that comes with failing to obey the laws. In the United States the court system consist of the federal court system and each state court system. States are given the right to enact laws and regulations that is best for the interest of each citizen of that state. Many states have laws that other states do not have. Each state is different but is ultimately rule by the federal government. In Texas the court system consist of Justice Court, Municipal Court, County-Level Court, District Court, Court of Appeals, Supreme Court, and the Court of Criminal Appeal. Texas leads the nation in execution and one of the largest populations of offenders incarnated in the free world. Texas seems to practice a policy of being "tough on criminals," reflecting the belief of most Texans that a strong deterrence is the most effective crime-fighting policy. Texas has the highest incarceration rate of any state or Western industrialized nation and is the leading state in both sentencing people to death and the number of prisoners executed (Dille, 2008). The Texas court system is built around a primary county. These counties are name county seats. These counties are the location of all major court system. Each town has a jail...
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...Global Perspectives Assessment Cassie Haubenhofer University of Phoenix CJA/484 Ronald Atler December,15th 2014 Introduction * Collectively every nation’s criminal justice system struggles with impact in regards to globalization. However the United States impact of globalization seems to hold a subtle difference of impact due to our own policies, procedures, religious beliefs, constitution, and rank of governments. With that said, one of the concerns with globalization is in regard to illegal goods and activities brought into the country. The United States has continually fought terrorism, human trafficking, cyber-crimes, organized crime, money laundering, drugs, weapons, and illegal goods brought into the United States from other countries. With Civil Laws and Common Laws so different amongst all nations, this leaves room for error and many barriers. Additionally, policing systems are set up contrarily which impacts the larger organizations and vice versa. Assessing criminal justice from a global perspective * Many organized groups and networks prey on a weak government to achieve the organization’s goal to make profit from their illegal activities. “The political turmoil of the 21st century and advances in technology make transnational crime a concern for the United States. Increased travel and trade and advances in telecommunications and computer technology have had the unintended effect of providing avenues for the rapid expansion of transnational organized...
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...Central Ohio Technical College Institute for Public Safety Law Enforcement Technology Autumn Semester, 2013 August 21 through December 11, 2013 Class Syllabus Course Title: Introduction to Criminal Justice Course Number: LET-100 Instructor: Bob Cromwell, MS BBA C: (740)258-0800 Office hours by appointment only. email: rcromwel@cotc.edu Required Materials: Textbook(s): Frank Schmalleger. (2014) Criminal justice: a brief introduction (10th edition). NJ: Pearson Education. ISBN: 978-0-13-300979-8 Packets: Not required Supplies: Any materials students may need to record information in face to face classroom setting AND access to internet for research projects. Additional Materials: None. Closed Reserve: None. ITS Resources: http://www.cotc.edu/faculty-and-staff/it-support/Pages/index.aspx Student Services: http://www.cotc.edu/student-life/Pages/default.aspx Library: http://www.cotc.edu/libraries/Pages/default.aspx College-Wide Policies: 1. Assessment -- As part of COTC’s campus-wide assessment initiatives (quality assurance program), samples of student performance such as test results, projects, papers, etc. may be used. The data gathered will not identify individual students and are not related to the student’s grade for the course, but will be used to improve student learning at COTC. 2. Disability -- Any student who...
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...The Criminal Justice system contains and is built around many laws and concepts which either help better the system or hinder it. Out of all of them, I believe the most important concept of all is due process. The least complex way of describing due process would be to simply call it “procedural fairness”. However, in the textbook it is defined as what “ the U.S. Constitution requires that criminal justice case processing be conducted with fairness equity.” The 5th, 6th, and 14th Amendments of the U.S. Constitution all guarantee this right. Without due process criminal justice would be incomparable with the amount of “justice” actually being brought from the system to our communities. One of our individual rights warranted to us by the...
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...Criminal Justice Integration 1. Criminal Justice Integration Paper Criminal Justice Integration 2. Introduction Learning Team A has agreed on a number of things to be discussed in our paper. Organizational structure of the criminal justice system, agency policies: inclusive of statutory authorities, budgets: projected revenue sources and expenditures, communication, technology, and cultural or sub-cultural aspects of organization. The development of improved interactions between security agencies, courts, law enforcement personnel as well as community and institutional corrections over the next 15 years need fragile focus and planning. Agency policies of each of the above organizations must cast back the certain needs of the population change. The funds of these organizations play a easily pained role in the enlarged portion of what can and cannot be given to communities. Open and close up transmission of severe information between criminal justice material could bring about problems if they are not trustworthy. They must rely on one another for support. Criminal Justice Integration 3...
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...encounter citizens of the United States have with the federal government’s criminal justice system is with the police. Some encounters are a routine traffic ticket, and some are much worse and more serious. Crowded cities within the United States are producing more conflict and violence with the police. When the police step out to start their beat for their shift, they never know who is going to be the next predator that is going to try and take his or her life. The relationship between our criminal justice system and the police begin with the government. The government, not the police make the laws. Then we hire the police to go out and enforce these laws and every day the police are out in our violent society serving and protecting us. After the government comes up with the laws and rules of our society we turn these laws over to the police to do our dirty work. When the government has the different laws in place they rely on the police to go and fight the war on crime. This relationship between our government and the police uses the police as the scapegoat. This relationship is left up to the police to take care of and nurture from going out in the community and enforcing our values and laws, not their own. Usually when there are mistakes in the courts it’s usually not the police that cause these mistakes it’s the prosecuting attorneys and the defense attorneys. According to Katz (1997), Justice Louis Brandeis states, “If we desire respect for the law, we must first...
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...all laws accepted in the jurisdictions within the United States. Common law is based on the old English Legal System of laws based on the overthrow of monarchial dictators and the replacement with a representative system of Parliament. When the American Colonies established their independence in the late 1700’s they adopted much of the English legal system that they knew when they immigrated to the “New World”. This became the initial basis for civil and criminal law in the newly formed United States. Common law results from judicial decisions handed down from the courts. Most of the common law in criminal issues pertaining to the modern criminal justice system has been subjugated by state and federal legislatures that have created statutes establishing criminal law violations. In dealing with Common Law there is a catch-22 type of situation. When a common law is overridden by a statute creation the history of the common law is vacated in terms of how laws are executed. The problem arises when the enforcement method of the new law has common law as its basis. If this is not deemed acceptable by society then another statutory law has to be created. Whenever new laws are enacted there are frequently challenges in court. These challenges depending on the jurisdiction of the law end up going through the system and various courts of appeals. Ultimately they may reach the US Supreme Court where a decision on the constitutionality of the common law and/or statute may be determined. If...
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...TOPICS: ANALYZE AND EVALUATE THE CURRENT LEGAL SYSTEM IN THE US FROM A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE DESCRIVE THE 3 COMPONENTS OF THE CRIMINAL JUSTINCE SYSTEM: EXPLAIN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE POLICE, COUTS, AND CORRECTIONS CHARECTERIZE THE SOCIAL IMPACT OF CRIME AND ITS EFFECTS ON INDIVIDUALS IN SOCIETY * Crimes: * Conduct in violation of the criminal laws of a state, the federal government, or a local jurisdiction, for which there is no legally acceptable justification of exercise. Individual Rights: * The rights guaranteed to all members of American society by the US * Constitution * Especially those found in the first ten amendments US Patriot Act: * A federal law * Enacted in response to 9/11 * The law officially titled UNITING AND STRENGHTHENING AMERICA by providing appropriate tools required to intercept and obstruct terrorism act Individual Rights Advocate: One who seeks to protect personal freedom within the process of criminal justice Public Order Advocate * One who believes that under certain circumstances involving a criminal threat to public safety. The interests of society should take precedence over individual rights Civil Justice: * The civil law (penal codes) * The law of civil procedure * The array of procedures and activities having to do with private rights and remedies sought by civil action Administration of Justice * Detection * Apprehension * Detention ...
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...What We Learned From German Prisons By NICHOLAS TURNER and JEREMY TRAVISAUG. 6, 2015 Credit Jan Bajtlik EARLIER this summer, we led a delegation of people concerned about the United States criminal justice system to visit some prisons in Germany and observe their conditions. What we saw was astonishing. The men serving time wore their own clothes, not prison uniforms. When entering their cells, they slipped out of their sneakers and into slippers. They lived one person per cell. Each cell was bright with natural light, decorated with personalized items such as wall hangings, plants, family photos and colorful linens brought from home. Each cell also had its own bathroom separate from the sleeping area and a phone to call home with. The men had access to communal kitchens, with the utensils a regular kitchen would have, where they could cook fresh food purchased with wages earned in vocational programs. We hoped that we were getting a glimpse of what the future of the American criminal justice system could look like. This is an encouraging moment for American advocates of criminal justice reform. After decades of callousness and complacency, the United States has finally started to take significant steps to reverse what a recent report by the National Research Council called a “historically unprecedented and internationally unique” experiment in mass incarceration. Congress, in a bipartisan effort, seems prepared to scale back draconian federal sentencing laws. Many states...
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...diverse countries in the world. People come from all over the world to the US in order to make a life for themselves. In the event that they ever have a run-in with the law, they also expect to be treated justly by the criminal justice system. While laws have been amended and created over the years, lawmakers have neglected to create a substantial amount of laws that take diversity into account. In the instance of selling drugs, certain drugs such as crack, a drug used primarily by African Americans, result in longer prison sentences and higher penalties. On the other hand, cocaine, a drug used primarily by Whites, ensues fewer penalties. Our laws must take ethnic differences into account because not all crimes result in the same course of punishment. In this paper, I will discuss the impact of culture on the criminal justice system and describe contemporary methods used by the police department and security firms while working with diverse populations. Furthermore, I will detail nondiscriminatory practices within the criminal justice system and outline Sir Robert Peel’s nine principles in relation to police departments. Race and ethnicity are important factors to incorporate into laws. Many of the current laws are outdated in the sense that they do not take cultural differences into account. Current US populations have a different racial and ethnic make-up than when most laws and the Constitution were created. Present day America has numerous immigrants, legal or otherwise...
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...No Justification for Death Penalty Death penalty or the capital punishment is a severe punishment given by the government to a criminal for offending crimes that are categorized under the capital crimes like murder. When the criminals are convicted of capital crimes and are sentenced for death penalty, the government legally takes life of the criminal by hanging them to death, lethal injection or by electrocute. Death penalty used to be performed all over the world, but many countries have outlawed it with regards to its violation of human rights and religious causes. In United States, most of the states have the authority to give death penalty to criminals. Death penalty is a very serious issue that has caused a big controversy between its supporters and opposers. People who support death penalty argues that it is the right kind of punishment for the criminals, provides justice to the victims and the families as well help deter the crime rates. But I really don’t think death penalty has any justification because there is a maximum chance for innocent people being convicted, it is also a violation of human rights as well as a religious sin to take life of people, and the crimes have not lowered due to death penalty, rather it takes a lot of tax payer’s money to execute a criminal. I rather think that such criminals should be given life imprisonment without parole. The foremost reason for abolishing the death penalty is the wrongful conviction. There are lots of cases where...
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...victims rights Advocates for victims' rights have long complained that they have been sidelined by a criminal justice system that is focused on the interplay between the state and the defendant. With the enactment of the Victims' Bill of Rights Act of 2008, that is changing. The authors examine the current state of victims' rights, the evolution of the enforcement mechanisms, and the emerging role of the criminal practitioner in regards to these rights. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] Advocates for victims' rights have long complained that they have been sidelined by a criminal justice system that is focused on the interplay between the state and the defendant. With the enactment of the Victims' Bill of Rights Act of 2008, that is changing. The authors examine the current state of victims' rights, the evolution of the enforcement mechanisms, and the emerging role of the criminal practitioner in regards to these rights. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] You have requested "on-the-fly" machine translation of selected content from our databases. This functionality is provided solely for your convenience and is in no way intended to replace human translation. Show full disclaimer Neither ProQuest nor its licensors make any representations or warranties with respect to the translations. The translations are automatically generated "AS IS" and "AS AVAILABLE" and are not retained in our systems. PROQUEST AND ITS LICENSORS SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ANY AND ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING...
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...forms the foundation for the rights of the accused since it allows one branch of the government (the courts) to check and balance the actions of another (the police) in criminal proceedings. And yet, while habeas corpus has been maintained as a fundamental right of the imprisoned, this protection has been tampered with in our history, making habeas corpus sometimes a casualty of our desire for security during times of crisis. Constitutional Principles Several constitutional principal are expressed through habeas corpus, the foremost being checks and balances and that the accused are afforded due process. The framers of the Constitution knew that governments become abusive of the rights of citizens when there is no power to check that abuse and when the treatment of the accused is arbitrary. The use of habeas corpus is in fact one of the few constitutional rights enshrined in the main body of the Constitution instead of the amendments, and is established in each state constitution as well. Article I, Section 9, of the U.S. Constitution provides that the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended except in cases of rebellion or invasion, when the public safety may require it. In some states suspension of the writ is forbidden in any case (House). What the framers of the constitution hoped for was to...
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...: Drug trafficking is indeed detrimental but it should be abolished because there’s a better alternative to it INTRODUCTION I. A lady folded her new clothes and placed them neatly at the head of her bed. Then, she made a green bean soup while placing her Mcdonald’s burger on the stool. She didn’t eat that night. Instead, she spent the night talking to her friends and singing religious songs. That was how Donggui, a lady from China spent her night before undergoing a death penalty the next day II. Drug trafficking is indeed a heinous crime to commit but it would be unfair to subject the traffickers to a death penalty because there’s a better alternative to it III. I have made a thorough research on drug trafficking and the impact of the imposition of death penalties IV. For this topic, I will elaborate on what drug trafficking is, why death penalty should be abolished and what’s a better alternative to death penalty (Transition : Let me begin with enlightening you with what drug trafficking is) BODY I. What is drug trafficking? A. According to section 2 of the Dangerous Drugs Act 1952, drug trafficking is the cultivation, manufacture, distribution and sale of any dangerous drug without any authority 1. The laws relating to illicit or entertainment drugs are strict and the penalty for breaking them is severe. Malaysian laws are very strict when it comes to illegal drug usage and trafficking 2. Sale of Drugs Act 1952 provides for a mandatory...
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