...Islamic University- Gaza Dean of Postgraduates Studies Faculty of Commerce Business Administration Department The Relationship between Leader-Member Exchange and Resistance to Change in Organizations: A case study on Mercy Corps (INGO) By Hazar Jaber Supervisor Dr. Sami Abou-Al-Ross A dissertation plan submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration Dec 2014 * Introduction Many research studies have shown that leaders have a strong effect on their subordinates’ behavior and attitudes (Van Dam, Oreg & Schyns, 2008). This relationship is often referred to as the Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) relationship, which demonstrates the relationship between supervisor and subordinate during their work (Gerstner & Day, 1997; Liden & Maslyn, 1998). Practically speaking, many of organizational change programs fail because of employees’ resistance to change and management approaches that neglect the human dimensions during change (Bovey & Hede, 2001). In other words, the quality of LMX relationships affects employees’ resistance to the change (Van Dam et al., 2008). However, resistance to change is an important component through organizational changes since it has consequences such as decreasing employee’ satisfaction, output, absenteeism and turnover rates (Van Dam et al., 2008). In this context, many of previous research studies examined the way in which employees deal with organizational...
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...In Katherine McLean's article, Needle Exchange and the Geography of Survival in the South Bronx, the author attempts to explain how essential needle exchange programs (NEPs) are geographically to the South Bronx neighborhood of New York City (McLean, 2012). Although needle exchange programs do not have the authority or the funds to address certain factors associated with substance abuse, it has attracted many non-users such as the homeless as well for their basic survival amenities. Observations and interviews conducted by McLean produced four underlying aspects of needle exchange programs; obtaining basic necessities, hustling/income, safe space and sociality (McLean, 2012). Of these four aspects of needle exchange programs, obtaining the...
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...State Insurance Exchanges as Catalysts to America’s Health Revolution HSC-536 W-Credit Saud Al Busmait (C060-797-64) 4/30/2012 The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act signed into law on March 23rd 2010 are both essential portions of American legislation, as well as wildly misunderstood in their entirety. Personally, and from recent academic experience, I meant that to sound exactly as the previous sentence expressed. Prior to actually introducing the main topic of this paper, being the ACA’s health insurance exchanges, and beginning to write, I honestly found myself experiencing writers block. This was so strange as there is an endless amount of very straightforward information available on the topic. I realized that the problem was rather interesting. I felt the need to first express my opinions of the ACA on a simpler note, purely writing what I really felt and believed about it as the thoughts flowed. I now realize why that was so. I believe that it was my newfound understanding and strong, honest support for the act that I had to sell, to at least a sufficient degree, to whomever may read this college student’s paper. This “sufficient degree” of mine is a fair understanding of the long-term, national importance that the ACA’s provisions may serve, ultimately through the efficiency of health insurance exchanges. The national importance being served is exponentially expanding medical care to the U.S...
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...The Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya Lauder School of Government, Diplomacy and Strategy Argov Fellows Program in Leadership and Diplomacy Cultural Diplomacy: An Important but Neglected Tool in Promoting Israel’s Public Image Ronit Appel, Assaf Irony, Steven Schmerz, Ayela Ziv May 2008 Table of Contents 1. Introduction and Research Methodology Introduction……………………………………………………………………..3 Research Questions………………………………………………………..……4 Methodology………………………………………………………………..…..5 2. A Definition of Cultural Diplomacy and its Benefits Cultural Diplomacy: A Definition……………………………………….…….7 Benefits of Cultural Diplomacy – In General and Specifically for Israel……………………………………..8 Can the Benefits of Cultural Diplomacy be Measured?.................................................................................17 Examples of the Positive Effects of Cultural Diplomacy Programs…………………………………………18 French-German Relations: A Case Study of Successful Cultural Diplomacy………………………………21 3. Appreciation for Cultural Diplomacy in the United States and Europe The United States of America…………………………………………..……..25 Europe……………………………………………………………………..…..28 4. Cultural Development in Israel Israeli Culture……………………………………………………………….…31 Organizations in Israel Promoting Culture……………………………....……34 Governmental Support of the Promotion of Culture………………………….35 5. The Israeli Government’s Attitude Toward Cultural Diplomacy Does the Israeli Government Value Cultural 1 Diplomacy?.............
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...WHAT IS MARKETING? Marketing Focuses on Exchange One popular conception of marketing is that it primarily involves sales. Other perspectives view marketing as consisting primarily of advertising or retailing activities. For some of you market research, pricing, or product planning may have come to mind. While all these activities are part of marketing, it encompasses more than just these individual elements. The American Marketing Association defines marketing as the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational objectives. Effective marketing requires that managers recognize the interdependence of such activities as sales and promotion and how they can be combined to develop a marketing program. The AMA definition recognizes that exchange is a central concept in marketing. For exchange to occur, there must be two or more parties with something of value to one another, a desire and ability to give up that something, to the other party, and a way to communicate with each other. Advertising and promotion play an important role in the exchange process by informing consumers of an organizalion's product or service and convincing them of its ability to satisfy their needs or wants. Not all marketing transactions involve the exchange of money for a tangible product or service. Nonprofit organizations such as charities religious groups, the...
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...Global Financing and Exchange Rate Mechanisms Kris VanHoesen MGT448/ Global Business Strategies Facilitator Lara Dickerson August 15, 2010 Please see comments in the body of the paper and graded form at the end. It has been a pleasure having you in class. Best wishes. Abstract The constant advances of information systems and technology have led to the era of international expansion and globalization. This new age has brought about shrinking of theof the globe and tighter global communication. The emergence of this new revolution has changed and elevated the roles that financial institutions play in global functions and their importance. It has also increased their significance in managing risks. This paper intends to first define the roles of financial institutions and describe how they are applied to global financial operations. Then it will elucidate the significance of these institutions in managing risks. Defining International Financial Institutions Financial institutions are institutions that act as financial intermediaries and provide their members and customers with financial services and support. Like their counterparts, international financial institutions serve the same purpose, but are institutions by two or more countries and are subject to international laws (International Financial Institutions). Other functions of international financial institutions are stabilizing the exchange rate, regulating currency conversion...
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...a large share of the market. This discussion will explore what diversity is, what a diversity program is and the importance of diversity management to an organization. Firstly, there is a need to discuss what diversity is. Most people think of diversity as managing the relationships among races in an organization. However, diversity goes beyond race relationships. According to Rand (n.d) diversity relates to the differences that arise due to the presence of people with diverse demographic characteristics in an organization. Rand identifies the following as some of the demographic traits that brings in diversity: race, ethnicity, gender, age, religion and disability, among others. Managing diversity relates to how to meet the various needs of people of different age, race, gender, religion among others. A diversity program is the details of how an organization strives to meet the needs of its diverse workforce or stakeholders. In this essay the writer is talking of diversity as it mostly relates to the organization’s workforce. A diverse workforce is where there are employees of different demographic characteristics. Employees must be of varying age ranges, various races, varying religious backgrounds, different educational level and those originating from various parts of the country, if not of the world. Having explored what diversity is there is need now to go to the importance of diversity in an organization. In what ways is diversity of essence to the viability, profitability...
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... 1) Are the environmental conditions conducive to starting the organization? Ansew: Kenya Why? We developed a rubric to assign weight values based on the criterion listed in the case. Each country is assigned a weight from low to high to reflect our interpretation of the information provided in the case. Within the rating scale we introduced a level of importance to give specific weightings based on what we believed were the most important. | | | | | | | |Importance |India |S.A |Kenya | | | | | | | |Economy (GDP) |1 |3 |2 |1 | |Impact |3 |1 |2 |3 | |No. Partners |2 |3 |1 |3 | |Cost of living |1 |3 |1 |2 | |Exchange Rate |1 |2 |3 |1 | | | | | | | |Total | |17 |14 |19 | | | | | | | ...
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...Organizational communication is described as the systematic technique of approaching communication within an organization, whether it be public, profit or non-profit. The main focus is acknowledging human behavior and interactions among groups of people through formal exchange of information such as job policies to informal exchange of information including social interaction. It is used to develop a functionally operated organization to coordinate projects, motivate employees, ensure company compliance and resolve conflicts. The definition itself is broad enough to cover a wide range of different industries and roles. Strategic communication is also broadly defined as a tactical form of communication with the intent to originate and promote information to the public. Another definition described by Warren Mason, a professor of business and communication studies states “Strategic communication is about dealing with issues that might jeopardize an organization’s very survival.” Strategic communication specifically emphasizes the merge of advertising, public relations, and marketing to create a good public image of an organization. It...
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...Apple’s customers happy while paying their employees well. Apple has a lot to consider when dealing with their products, employees, customers, marketing, etc. This is a global business that needs to consider all types of culture throughout the world. On Apple’s website, it goes into full detail of the corporate responsibilities they follow. It is first quoted on the page, “All over the world, we’re expanding opportunities for workers and ensuring that they’re treated with respect and dignity.” (Apple 1) This shows that Apple cares about morals and standards within the company no matter the location. “If companies want to do business with us, they must uphold the highest commitment to human rights.” (Apple 1) It also gives a breakdown on the importance of furthering education to improve workers lives and to help empower them. This is an example of how Apple really goes out of their way to help teach new skills and create better workers. They show social responsibility by training and supplying student interns for training. “To address the shortage of qualified environment, health, and safety (EHS) personnel, we launched the Apple...
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...website, it goes into full detail of the corporate responsibilities they follow. It is first quoted on the page, “All over the world, we’re expanding opportunities for workers and ensuring that they’re treated with respect and dignity.” (Apple 1) This shows that Apple cares about morals and standards within the company no matter the location. “If companies want to do business with us, they must uphold the highest commitment to human rights.” (Apple 1) It also gives a breakdown on the importance of furthering education to improve workers lives and to help empower them. This is an example of how Apple really goes out of their way to help teach new skills and create better workers. They show social responsibility by training and supplying student interns for training. “To address the shortage of qualified environment, health, and safety (EHS) personnel, we launched the Apple Supplier EHS Academy – a formal, 18-month program we believe to be one of the most comprehensive EHS training and education programs in any supply chain.”...
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...NURS 2410 Concept Mapping #1 Nursing Diagnosis:Impaired gas exchange Supportive Data:R/T decreased pulmonary perfusionAEB c/o SOB with any exertion, pain with deep breathing, decreased O2 saturation with ambulation. | #2 Nursing Diagnosis:Risk for bleedingSupportive Data:R/T anticoagulation therapy; Heparin drip infusing @ 13.7 mL/hr | Admitting Diagnosis/ Problem:Chest pain, back painPriority Assessments:Vital signs, telemetry, peripheral pulses, respiratory status, monitor for signs and symptoms of bleeding, pain assessment, restlessness, irritability, confusion, somnolence, tachypnea, dyspnea, significant decrease in oximetry results, decreased PaO2 and/or increased PaCO2, central cyanosis | #3 Nursing Diagnosis:Impaired physical mobility Supportive Data:R/T left lower extremity clot and right lower extremity edema and pain AEB c/o pain with ambulation and ROM of lower extremities | Relationship of Diagnoses BRIEFLY explain the relationship (causative or resultant) between your selected nursing diagnoses. If the diagnoses are unrelated, state that. The impaired gas exchange and impaired physical mobility are directly related to the patient’s diagnosis of DVT and PE. The risk for bleeding is correlated because of the heparin drip needed for the treatment of PE and DVT. | Priority Nursing Diagnosis: Goal, Outcomes, Interventions and Responses Priority Nursing Diagnosis Impaired gas exchange r/t decreased pulmonary perfusion aeb c/o SOB with any exertion...
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...Support programs for exchange student in university. Student Name; Institutional affiliation; Date; Q1. - Ideal network of support. International exchange program students from universities may find it challenging to cope with life and education at their new university and country. An ideal network of support is described as a combined set of organs and resources that have been put together by the university to assist the international exchange students adjust to their respective academic courses and new university and country setting. Diagram showing network of support for new (international and national) students: Course department Course department Guidance and counseling Guidance and counseling Accommodation and transport Accommodation and transport Administration Administration Student Student Health and wellness Health and wellness Finance Finance Q2.-The importance of each unit and its contribution to success of the student. * Academic department- deals with the course material, exam timetable and results, reference material and individual attention from faculty members. E.g. Physics department, Electrical engineering department, English department * Health and wellness department- deals with the physical (sports), spiritual, social and medical needs of the student.it encompasses the Medical Center, Sports Office, social events and programs religious centers * Guidance and counseling department- deals with mental, social...
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...the marketing company era rapidly emerged, and customers were the focus of all business endeavors. The marketing company period today is also known as the classical theory of commercialization, and continues to remain in existence. Marketing has many definition hosts. It is the administration process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements profitability. Also defined as the process of planning and executing the conception, advertising, appraising, and dispersal of goods, services, and ideas to create exchanges that mollify individuals and organization objectives. – American Marketing Association Definition. Marketing is important to a society and a company, promoting product cognizance to the public and helps boost product sales. Marketing methods build the reputation of a business, done via social media, electronic mail, search engine optimization, advertisement postings, text banner exchange and video advertising. There are several types of marketing strategies used today. Some of these strategies contain social media marketing such as Facebook and Twitter, Cross-Media Marketing which provides customers with information needed through a plethora of channels like emails, websites, online advertisement and physical mail. Online marketing which involves conducting business via the web with the help of the Internet. Email Marketing, the collection and organization of potential...
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... SUMMARY ------------------------------------------------- This article shows you how to use Automation to create and send a Microsoft Outl... This article shows you how to use Automation to create and send a Microsoft Outlook message in Microsoft Access 97. This article assumes that you are familiar with Visual Basic for Applications and with creating Microsoft Access applications using the programming tools provided with Microsoft Access. For more information about Visual Basic for Applications, please refer to the "Building Applications with Microsoft Access 97" manual. For more information about using Automation to send a Microsoft Exchange message, please see the following article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base: 153311 (http://support.microsoft.com/kb/153311/EN-US/ ) Using Automation to Send a Microsoft Exchange Message Back to the top ------------------------------------------------- MORE INFORMATION ------------------------------------------------- NOTE: The following code may not work properly if you have installed the Outlook... NOTE: The following code may not work properly if you have installed the Outlook E-mail Security Update. For additional information about this update, please see one of the following articles in the Microsoft Knowledge Base, depending on which version of Outlook you have: 262631 (http://support.microsoft.com/kb/262631/EN-US/ ) OL2000: Information About the Outlook E-mail Security Update 262617 (http://support.microsoft...
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