...Homeostasis Day to day, we are exposed to many external stressors in the environment. These might be exercise, stress, anxiety, weather, changes of location. To survive these changes, our internal body is able to intelligently adapt. The maintenance of a constant and steady internal environment is controlled by homeostasis. P5 Explain the concept of homeostasis Describe homeostasis. For this, you must cover: * Definition of homeostasis * Internal environment- THREE systems that need to be regulated (water levels or waste products; body temperature; blood glucose) * Concept of negative feedback as a regulatory mechanism Websites: http://www.s-cool.co.uk/a-level/biology/homeostasis http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_aqa_pre_2011/homeo/homeostasis1.shtml M2 discuss the probable homeostatic responses to changes in the internal environment during exercise Identify and describe the homeostatic mechanisms and how they regulate a steady internal environment during exercise. Summarise - you do not have to explain this in lots of detail. You must cover: * heart rate and how this is controlled by the autonomic nervous system (sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve system). The effects of increased body temperature and adrenaline on heart rate * breathing rate and how this is controlled by the respiratory centre, diaphragm and intercostal muscles * body temperature and how this is controlled by loss of heat by the body...
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...Concept of Homeostasis" from Anti Essays, your source for free research papers, essays, and term paper examples. Anatomy and physiology Describe the concept of homeostasis and the mechanisms that regulate the heart rate, breathing rate, body temperature. Explain the responses to changes in the body during exercise and explain the importance of homeostasis in maintaining the healthy function of the body. In order for the body to work efficiently it must maintain a constant internal environment. P5: Explain the concept of homeostasis Describe your understanding of homeostasis and the homeostatic mechanisms that regulate * Heart rate * Breathing rate * Body temperature M2: Discuss the probable homeostatic responses to changes in the internal environment during exercise. Even if you do not take regular exercise you will be aware of changes that occur in your body if you do anything strenuous. Even just running for the bus might make you gasp for breath, your heart to race and your body start to sweat. Discuss what is happening in the body when these changes take place. D2: Evaluate the importance of homeostasis in maintaining the healthy functioning of the body. Having said that the body must maintain a constant internal environment in order to function in a healthy manner, now give details why homeostasis is so important for the body. What would happen in your body if these mechanisms didn’t take place? Homeostasis Homeostasis is the...
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...Submission Date | 10/06/15 | Feedback Date | 17/05/15 | Vocational Context | Task 1 - 3 (P1,P2,P3)You are working in a health clinic and have been asked to produce a poster to explain the functions of the main cell, tissue and body components to display in the clinic. Task 4 (P4,M1,D1)You are an advisor in your local sports centre and you have been asked to design and produce an information booklet to explain to clients how the body requires and utilises energy. This should include:Produce a written report on the body’s response to exercise. The report will be based on primary and secondary research. The report will include:Task 5 (P5,M2,D2) 1. An explanation of the concept of homeostasis and its role in exercise and healthy functioning of the body. 2. Measurements collected from practical work involving physical activity and your interpretation of them together with comments on the validity of the data collected.Task 6 (P6)Complete exercise programme and complete data form and graphs sheets | The Brief | Task 1 (P1)Using a large piece of paper, produce an annotated poster of a cell as it is seen under the microscope. You must include the following; * Organelles – nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, smooth and rough endoplasmic reticula * Golgi apparatus * LysosomesThe notes accompanying the labels should include the main activities carried out by the organelles. Cells: cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm; organelles – mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and...
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...Assignment brief – QCF BTEC (Level 3)Assignment front sheet | Qualification | Unit number and title | BTEC 90 Credit/Extended Diploma in Health and Social Care | Unit 5 Anatomy and Physiology for Health and Social Care | Learner name | Assessor name | | Louise Dada,Angela Lewis-Wright Alison Watson | Date issued | Hand in deadline | Submitted on | 10 November 2014 | 8 December 2014 | | | | Assignment title 1 | Know the organisation of the human body | In this assessment you will have opportunities to provide evidence against the following criteria. Indicate the page numbers where the evidence can be found. | 5a Criteria reference | To achieve the criteria the evidence must show that the learner is able to: | | Task no. | | Evidence | P1 | Outline the functions of the main cell components. | | 1 | | Training Pack | P2 | Outline the structure of the main tissues of the body | | 1 | | Training Pack | P3 | Outline the gross structure of all the main body systems. | | 1 | | Training Pack | Learner declaration | I certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own. I have clearly referenced any sources used in the work. I understand that false declaration is a form of malpractice.Learner signature: Date: | Assignment brief 1 Qualification | BTEC 90 Credit/Extended Diploma in Health and Social Care | Unit number and title | Unit 5 Anatomy and...
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...respiratory system and of body temperature, using noninvasive techniques to investigate normal responses to routine variations in body functioning. This unit provides the core understanding of human physiology that underpins the study of the specialist physiology units within this programme. The unit also provides an overview of body functioning that is valuable for anyone working or intending to work in a field relating to health and social care. Learning outcomes On completion of this unit a learner should: 1. Know the organisation of the human body 2. Understand the functioning of the body systems associated with energy metabolism 3. Understand how homeostatic mechanisms operate in the maintenance of an internal environment. 4. Be able to interpret data obtained...
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...Section A- What is Homeostasis? Homeostasis is the name given to the body’s internal control mechanism. It maintains (looks after) the body’s temperature, water balance, blood urea level and glucose levels. Homeostasis is “maintained by control systems that detect and respond to changes in the internal environment” (Ross and Wilson, 2010). Homeostasis control mechanisms have three basic components: receptors, control center and effector. The receptors react to change in the environment and send a message to the control center within the brain. The control center, which determines the limits within which the variable factor should be maintained, processes the information it has received. The control centre decides if and by how much the level needs to be adjusted. When it is indicated that an adjustment is required, it passes the information to the effector, whose output is changed. Fig 1. Fig 1 The three basis components of a feedback system are receptors, a control center, and effectors. (Grabowski, 2000) Negative Feedback Mechanisms In systems controlled by negative feedback the effector response reduces or negates the effect of the original stimulus, maintaining or restoring homeostasis (Ross and Wilson, 2010), thus the term negative feedback. Fig 2 Homeostatic regulation of blood pressure is by a negative feedback system. The response is fed back into the system, and the system continues to lower blood pressure until there is a return to normal blood...
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...competition among effective treatments and the relevance of this area of study to competitive and recreational athletes, as well sedentary and occupational folk, continues to push research in this area. The importance of tendons is evident in daily functioning, especially concerning activities that require demanding physical labor, as tendons are responsible for transmitting, at times, large forces from contracting muscles to bones in order to create movement and perform work (11). The standard treatment and managing of tendinopathy was directed toward the presumed inflammatory condition with the use of anti-inflammatory medication and rest, occasionally turning to corticosteroid injections for stubborn...
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...environmental factors, such as diet, exercise, exposure to microorganisms, pollutants, and ionizing radiation. It is accepted that the aging process falls physiologically into three groups of changes that occur with advancing age. The first group encompass changes in cellular homeostatic mechanisms, for example, body temperature, blood, and extracellular fluid volumes; the second group are related to a decrease in organ mass; the third and possibly the most important group of changes, in terms of their impact,...
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...Communication, Homeostasis & Energy Communication & Homeostasis Outline the need for communication systems within multicellular organisms, with reference to the need to respond to changes in the internal and external environment and to co-ordinate the activities of different organs. Organisms need to respond to external stimuli, e.g. temperature, oxygen concentration and levels of sunlight. These may be over time, e.g. winter fur to summer fur, or quickly, e.g. changing size of pupils. Internal environments change too- the build up of carbon dioxide as a result of respiration changes the pH of the tissue fluid, and therefore inhibits enzyme activity. Multicellular organisms need to coordinate different organs, so this requires a good communication system which will: • Cover the whole body • Enable cells to communicate with each other • Enable specific communication • Enable rapid communication • Enable both short and long-term responses. State that cells need to communicate with each other by a process called cell signalling. State that neuronal and hormonal systems are examples of cell signalling. Define the terms negative feedback, positive feedback and homeostasis. Negative feedback- A process in which any change in a parameter brings about the reversal of that change so that the parameter is kept fairly constant. Positive feedback- A process in which any change in a parameter brings about an increase in that change Homeostasis- The maintenance of a constant...
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...integumentary, skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems, as well as a discussion of tissues and special senses. A three- hour lab session is required each week. Prerequisites: SCI-103; SCI-104 Objectives: 1. To provide basic understanding and working knowledge of the human body. 2. To develop writing and critical thinking. 3. To become familiar with essential concepts including structure and functional level of organization and homeostasis. 4. To recognize the gross and microscopic anatomy of the tissues and organs and also demonstrate how different tissue types interact to create organs. 5. To develop observational skills and logical thought patterns. 6. To use anatomical terms fluently when describing different tissues and organs. 7. To examine the biomechanics and gross anatomy of the muscular system. 8. To describe the significance of the nerve impulse in making rapid adjustments for maintaining homeostasis and to learn how nervous...
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...D2: Explain the importance of homeostasis in maintaining the healthy functioning of the body Temperature regulation of fall and rise above normal ranges The hypothalamus in the brain behaves as a thermostat and changes in the blood temperature. When the temperature of the blood comes the hypothalamus falls, this delivers impulses to organs in the body setting the heat reduced less. The opposite happens when the temperature of the blood enters the hypothalamus rises. The hypothalamus tends to activate the sympathetic nervous system and increase he heart rate when the body gets hot. The thermo-receptors point out an increase in the body temperature delivering messages to the brain. The body faces hypothermia is the body temperature falls or rises above their normal ranges. When the body temperature gets too cold or too hot, messages are mailed from the thermo-regulation in the skin or from the blood to the brain and the hypothalamus. The change that is senses by the brain allows a person to change in their attitude for example, when a person feels cold they may close a window. During Hypothermia when the body temperature falls below the normal temperature of the body can be dangerous as the heat energy is lost from the body than it is produced. Brain is the first feature affected making the person clumsy and slow. Hypothermia Hypothermia is a state where the body's normal body temperature of 37°C (98.6°F) drops below 35° (95°F). When the body is exposed to cold the mechanisms...
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...are heterozygous for the faulty allele Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disorder caused by a recessive allele. This genetic diagram shows the possible outcomes when both parents are heterozygous for the faulty allele. There is a one in four chance of the offspring being homozygous for the faulty allele, and so having cystic fibrosis. ----------------------- Fit people are able to carry out physical activities more effectively than unfit people. Their pulse rate is likely to return to normal more quickly after exercise. But being fit is not the same as being healthy. Healthy people are free from disease and infection: they may or may not be fit as well. It is possible to be fit but unhealthy, or healthy but unfit. High blood pressure can cause: • kidney damage • burst blood vessels • damage to the brain, including strokes Low blood pressure can cause: • fainting • dizziness • poor blood circulation During hard exercise when anaerobic respiration occurs with aerobic respiration, an oxygen debt builds up. This is because glucose is not broken down completely to form carbon dioxide and water. Some of it is broken down to form lactic acid....
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...fluids would not be possible. Water is constantly being transported between the fluid compartments of the body. Water has five main functions in the body, of which includes: • 'Cell life - distribute nutrients to cells i.e. vitamins, minerals and glucose • Chemical and metabolic reactions - removal of waste products (toxins) from the organs • Transport of nutrients – participates in the breakdown of food • Body temperature regulation - water has a large heat capacity that allows it to help limit any changes to an individual's body temperature in a certain environment. For example the release of heat when the surrounding temperature is higher than body temperature • Elimination of waste' Urea – Urea is an organic molecule made up of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen. Urea is a common constituent of blood and other various bodily fluids, and is formed from ammonia in the kidney and liver. Ammonia is produced through the breakdown of proteins during tissue metabolism. Metabolic reactions that take place within the body can produce a surplus of amino acids of which can be converted into the waste product otherwise known as urea through the process of deamination in the liver. Proteins obtained through an...
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...Model (TTM) is a theory of behavioral changes which "intentional behavior change is a process occurring in a series of stages, rather than a single event and that motivation is required for the focus, effort and energy needed to move through the stages” (Miller, W.R., Rollnick, S., 2002). What makes the Trans-Theoretical Model so unique, is that it describes how change occurs over time and not immeadiately. According to Prochaska & DiClemente (1983), this theory proposes that a person may progress through five stages of change when trying to modify their behaviors. In the first stage titled pre-contemplation, we have people who have no intentions of taking action, or wanting to change their behavior in the near future. Many peers suggest that the desire to change a behavior is usually measured within the next six months (Prochaska, DiClemente, & Norcross, 1992). Individuals in this stage are unaware or uninformed of the consequences of their behavior (Scholl, 2002), or they may have had a number of failed attempts and are reluctant to try again (Prochaska & Velicer, 1997). Prochaska et al. (1992), says the main component of pre-contemplation, is the person shows resistance to recognize or modify problem behavior. For an individual to move out of this stage they must experience cognitive dissonance, which is describe as a negative affective state, where the individual acknowledges the problem (Scholl, 2002). In the next stage of change, we are presented with contemplation....
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...System Homeostasis Temperature Homeostasis Blood Glucose Homeostasis Control of Mammalian Oestrus Plant Responses The Genetic Code Protein Synthesis Gene Mutations Stem Cells Control of Gene Expression Biotechnology DNA sequencing Southern Blot In vivo cloning Genetically Modified Organisms Gene Therapy Genetic Screening and Counselling 2 4 6 0 14 17 24 28 30 33 34 38 42 44 48 50 54 57 63 66 71 76 80 85 89 92 Molecular Genetics These notes may be used freely by A level biology students and teachers, and they may be copied and edited. Please do not use these materials for commercial purposes. I would be interested to hear of any comments and corrections. Neil C Millar (nmillar@ntlworld.co.uk) Head of Biology, Heckmondwike Grammar School High Street, Heckmondwike, WF16 0AH Jan 2010 HGS Biology A-level notes NCM 8/09 A2 Biology Unit 5 page 2 Biology Unit 5 Specification Control Systems Organisms increase their chance of survival by responding to changes in their environment. The Nerve Impulse The structure of a myelinated motor neurone. The establishment of a resting potential in terms of differential membrane permeability, electrochemical gradients and the movement of sodium and potassium ions. Changes in membrane permeability lead to depolarisation and the generation of an action potential. The all-or-nothing principle. The passage of an action potential along nonmyelinated and myelinated axons, resulting in nerve impulses. The nature and importance of the...
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