...Intellectual property is any product of the human creations that the law protects in order to prevent unauthorized use by others. In fact, the ownership of intellectual property certainly creates a limited monopoly in the protected property. Intellectual property rights traditionally consist of four categories, including copyright, patents, trademark, and industrial design. In our daily life, copyright law protects different kinds of original creative works, such as literary works, musical works, film works, and broadcasts. It allows us to share the original ideas, feelings and perspectives to others in the common environment. Since the intellectual property rights are regarded as a means for us, we use our knowledge in creating new things or further improving the original products and works. In this way, our intangible or tangible properties are deserved to protect. For example, an expert develop an smartphone application for the benefit of public, if it becomes popular for a long period, the expert may obtain a property protection by applying a copyright, and makes a guarantee in the smartphones’ application market. There are three important copyright protection requirements, including originality, fixation and qualification. If the requirements are fulfilled, the copyright will become effective. Generally, originality means that an...
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...Ethics and Intellectual Property Ethical issues regarding intellectual property repeatedly arise in today’s world. Intellectual property (IP) refers to creations of the mind, such as inventions, designs, artistic and literary works, as well as symbols, images, names used in commerce. The law protects IP with patents, copyright, and trademarks, all of which are legal means that are there to assist the creator in protecting unique ideas, inventions, and other non-tangible property and as well as giving the opportunity to receive recognition or financial benefit for what they invent or create (World Intellectual Property Organization, 2014). Intellectual property affords competitive advantages to a company. “Defining IP as an asset aims to provide it the same protective rights as physical property. Obtaining such protective rights is critical as it prevents replication by potential competitors - a serious threat in a web-based environment or the mobile technology sector” (Cohen, 2011). One such case, where patents were violated was a lawsuit brought on by Apple against Samsung. In 2012, a U.S. jury found Samsung guilty on six out of seven accounts of violating patents Apple had filed. Four of the claims were regarding design patents, “related to the appearance of the iPhone (the use of white and black on the devices and the rounded edges on the user-interface icons, which Samsung was found to have violated, and the tablet computer’s rectangular design, which Samsung did not violate)”...
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...Intellectual Property Rights and Economic growth “Imagination is more important than knowledge” – Albert Einstein Albert Einstein’s preference of imagination over knowledge speaks well to the potential capabilities of enterprises and businesses. If a creative idea is discovered, it can be transformed into innovative products. Innovation is instrumental among other things in creating new jobs, providing higher incomes, offering investment opportunities and curing disease. “There is wide agreement that innovation and entrepreneurial activity are the engines of long-run economic growth” (Hill 63). Intellectual property rights have become a significant factor in both creating and using ideas that are translated into knowledge and inventions to promote innovation and economic growth. Through this paper I will discuss the importance of protecting intellectual property and its impact on economic development. What is intellectual property and IPR’s? “Intellectual property refers to property that is the product of intellectual activity” (Hill 54). It might be a poem that you write, a computer software, a mother’s invention of saline Boogie Wipes for babies or a formula for a new drug. Creators can be given the right to prevent others from using their inventions, designs or other creations and to use the right to negotiate payment in return for others to use them. These are “Intellectual property rights”. They allow the creator or owner of a patent, trademark, or copyright...
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...EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The purpose of this report was to analyze the conflict of intellectual property between both pharmaceutical research firms located in New Zealand and Venezuela. Specific objectives were to identify whether there exists any agreement on Intellectual property agreement between Venezuela and New Zealand, determine if the conference paper constitutes a piece of intellectual property and determine how to handle the situation with the two employees. Research found that New Zealand and Venezuela are parties to various international agreements. The report makes recommendations on what step to take should the firm be guilty of intellectual property infringement, dealing with the two employees involved in the research and putting a process in place to avoid such occurrence. In addition the report recommends re-circulating of the non disclosure agreement and the firm's contract of employment around the organisation to be read and signed again by all employees. INTRODUCTION Intellectual property rights are the rights given to people over the creations of their minds; inventions, literary and artistic works, and symbols, names, images, and designs used in commerce. Intellectual property relates to items of information or knowledge, which can be incorporated in tangible objects at the same time in an unlimited number of copies at different locations anywhere in the world. Intellectual property rights are also characterized by certain limitations, such as limited duration...
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...What is the significance of Research Skills and Academic Integrity for successful study in Higher Education? Academic studies require a vast amount of research. This essay will cover the importance of research skills aspects in academic development, to avoid any misconduct and not be accused of cheating, such as plagiarism and collusion. Scholars studying in higher education must have intellectual honesty also known as academic integrity. This helps pupils on being more ready when operating as an independent thinker and help one develop skills such as referencing, citation and as you absorb information, paraphrase ideas and quote the words of other researcher in the academic environment. Business students require research skills because it provides them opportunity to develop and improve. Examples including their abilities to check significance of developing research skills; find proper date resources for use in business study and practice. Obtaining information from many sources at times is difficult; the data obtained has to be correct and collected from sources which are reliable and valid. When conducting research, information can be collected from different sources such as historic documents, artistic work or even the use of own personal gathered data by investigation or observation. Since data sourcing methods are different we can categories them by where it’s accessed from either by primary or secondary data. According to Booth et al (2008) defines “Primary data as...
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...Phần mực đỏ phải edit lại nội dung The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) I. Definition 1. Definition of INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 2. Introducing WIPO II. About IP - Why IP is important for business? - Why business membership organizations should provide IP services? III. Types of IP - Copyright - Patents - Trademark - Industrial designs - Geographical indication IV. History and structure of WIPO - The Main Organs - Committees Established by Treaty Provisions - Committees Constituted Under One or More of the Main Organs - Working Groups V. Mission and activities - Mission of WIPO - Activities The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) I. Definition: 1. Definition of INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY - Intellectual property, very broadly, means the legal rights which result from intellectual activity in the industrial, scientific, literary and artistic fields. - Two reasons that countries should have laws to protect intellectual property: + giving statutory expression to the moral and economic rights of creators + encouraging fair trading which would contribute to economic and social development. 2. Introducing WIPO - The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) is one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations (UN) system of organizations. Its complexity results from the relatively long history of the Organization (using that term to cover also the predecessors of the present...
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...Johnathan Bailey Ethical Thinking in the Liberal Arts Grand Canyon University Intellectual Property assignment The main points of the article is that protecting intellectual property is highly important in this information age. The reasons happen to be that people steal information all the times from others, use this information as their own, patent it, even though it wasn't theres. I feel that its important for inventors or just every day people to protect what they make, people happen to be very shifty in this society, everyone is out to gain a dollar, but some people happen to be so ruthless that they will steal at all costs, and may even try to destroy the original proprietor from making any gain at all. The right of the property is based on the rights of the owner and happen to be granted in various markets. Intellectual property is a valid way to protect inventors, musicians, painters so that they can share their work with the world. I feel that people make they deserve to absolute protection over their achievements. The common types of copyrights that happen to be protected happen under intellectual property, happen to be trade marks, patents, industrial design rights and trade secrets. The ideas that happen to be valid is that protection of intellectual property is important, that any one who invents something needs to patent it correctly, and that is why intellectual property is protected in America, by the American invents act. This is good for corporations...
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...Intellectual Property: A Fight for Ideas Park University Intellectual property as defined by the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy “is generally characterized as non-physical property that is the product of original thought” (Moore). According to the World Intellectual Property Organization “the rights in relation to: literary, artistic and scientific works; the performance of performing artist, phonograms and broadcasts; inventions in all fields of human endeavor; scientific discoveries; industrial designs; trademarks; service marks and commercial names and designations; and all other rights resulting from intellectual activity in the industrial, scientific, literary and artistic fields” ("Intellectual Property and Legal Services"). There is a distinct difference between traditional property laws and intellectual property laws. Property laws would give rights to the sole owner of an object such as a car. When the owner is driving the car no one else can drive the car. In regards to intellectual property the law allows other individuals to make use of the idea or invention as long as they have met the requirements, usually in the form of payment for the right. The idea of protecting one’s ideas has deep reaching roots that stretch back to the 17th century. Philosopher John Locke promoted intellectual property law with his idea “that a person should enjoy the fruits of his labor” ("Intellectual Property and Legal Services"). Protection for ideas were spread throughout Europe...
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... | | |Processes and systems |Structures | | |Goals |Resources | | |Strategic capabilities |Technologies | | |Innovations | | | |Intellectual Property | | | |Leadership | | | |Culture | | |[pic] |[pic] |[pic]...
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...Justification of Protection of Intellectual Property vis-a-vis Trade Secrets PAPER V Submitted By: SARTHAK KAPILA ROLL NO. 48, P.G.D.,I.P.R. – 2014 Justification of Protection of Intellectual Property vis-a-vis Trade Secrets Intellectual property pertains to any original creation of human intellect such as artistic, literally, technical or scientific creation. Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) refers to the legal rights given by the State to the inventor/creator to protect his invention/creation for a certain period of time. These legal rights confer an exclusive right to the inventor/creator or his assignee to fully utilize his invention/creation for a given period of time. Countries have laws to protect intellectual property for two main reasons. One is to give statutory expression to the moral and economic rights of creators in their creations and the rights of the public in access to those creations. The second is to promote, as a deliberate act of Government policy, creativity and the dissemination and application of its results and to encourage fair trading which would contribute to economic and social development. The term ‘Intellectual Property’, denotes rights over intangible object of the person whose mental effort created it and refers to a loose cluster of legal doctrines that regulate the uses of different sorts of ideas and insignias. The subject matter of intellectual property is very wide and includes literary and artistic works, films, computer...
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... 1. What were some of the challenges that RIM faced to protect its intellectual property, and how did RIM handle those challenges? Research In Motion (RIM), a global leader in wireless innovation, revolutionized the mobile industry with the introduction of the BlackBerry® solution in 1999. There are multiple examples of the challenges RIM faced to protect its Intellectual Property as well as how those challenges were handled. One such example is RIM vs Glenayre Technologies, Inc. This claim, a response to an earlier suit brought forth by Glenayre, insisted that Glenayre blatantly imitated BlackBerry technology and marketing. Later in 2001, Glenayre's initial 1999 patent suit against RIM was dismissed. In early 2002 RIM and Glenayre agreed to drop their remaining lawsuits and work together to develop a wireless e-mail device that would incorporate Glenayre's messaging software. During this same time, RIM also obtained a U.S. patent called the BlackBerry Single Mailbox Integration patent, which covered technology that gave users the ability to have a single e-mail address on both wireless and desktop systems (http://www.answers.com/topic/research-in-motion-ltd-usa). The patent applied to the system and method that RIM pioneered for redirecting information between a host computer system and a mobile communications device. Another instance in which RIM was forced to protect its Intellectual Property is RIM vs. Handspring (makers of the Palm Treo). On September 16, 2002...
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...Patents in the Modern World Stefano Andreis Intellectual Property has always been a widely discussed topic but not as much as it is nowadays in the so-called globalized technological era that we live in. According to the World Intellectual Property organization, known as WIPO, Intellectual property refers to creations of the mind and is divided into two categories: Industrial Property, which includes patents for inventions, trademarks, industrial designs and geographical indications and Copyright that covers literary works, films, music, artistic works and architectural design. Intellectual property rights serve the same purpose as any other property rights. They allow creators, or owners, of patents, trademarks or copyrighted works to benefit exclusively, for a certain period, from their own work or investment in a creation. However, in reality maintaining the rights for such an asset as the “creation of mind” always raises multitude of complication and disputes. Therefore, the reasons behind the intellectual rights are the following: * To maintain peace and order; * To assign decision rights; * To reward investments; * To favor the diffusion of information. However, as any other type of legislation, these rights have their own pros and cons. Property rights have a major impact on economic growth. An efficient intellectual property system is essential because the legal protection of new creations encourages the commitment of both human and economic...
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...the basics of reputation management 5.13 11. Reputation management in a crisis 5.15 11-1 Example 5.1: The Brent Spar crisis – Underestimating shareholder expectations PART C: PROTECTING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OF ORGANISATION 12. Introduction 5.17 13. What is intellectual property? 5.18 14. Importance of intellectual property 5.18 14-1 Example 5.2: Brand value v. net tangible assets 14-2 Brand values compared to tangible assets 15. Intellectual property rights 5.19 15. Types of intellectual property 5.20 15-1 Trademark 15-2 Patent 15-3 Utility model 15-4 Industrial design 15-5 Geographical indications of source & appellations of origin 15-6 Undisclosed information and trade secrets 15-7 Copyright 15-8 Related rights 15-9 Other rights – Topographies and plant breeder rights 16. Balanced IP protection 5.24 16-1 Case study 5.1: Government support of research for the public good 17. Abuse of intellectual property 5.26 17-1 Example 5.6: Piracy in the music industry 17-2 New methods for protecting intellectual property 18. Enforcing...
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...The Washington Declaration on Intellectual Property and the Public Interest The Global Congress on Intellectual Property and the Public Interest, August 25-27, 2011, convened over 180 experts from 32 countries and six continents to help re-articulate the public interest dimension in intellectual property law and policy. This document records the conclusions from the Congress and is now open for endorsements and comments at http://infojustice.org/washington-declaration Preamble Time is of the essence. The last 25 years have seen an unprecedented expansion of the concentrated legal authority exercised by intellectual property rights holders. This expansion has been driven by governments in the developed world and by international organizations that have adopted the maximization of intellectual property control as a fundamental policy tenet. Increasingly, this vision has been exported to the rest of the world. Over the same period, broad coalitions of civil society groups and developing country governments have emerged to promote more balanced approaches to intellectual property protection. These coalitions have supported new initiatives to promote innovation and creativity, taking advantage of the opportunities offered by new technologies. So far, however, neither the substantial risks of intellectual property maximalism, nor the benefits of more open approaches, are adequately understood by most policy makers or citizens. This must change if the notion of a public interest...
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...Contracts and licenses Contracts and licenses are not themselves intellectual property and are generally considered to be a distinct discipline, not part of the same area of law as intellectual property. Nevertheless, contracts are essential to our system of intellectual property. They are the means by which you share intellectual property. Contracts and licenses are the means by which people let their intellectual property out in a controlled way. Importance Normal people interact with contracts on a daily basis. There are contracts for cell phone service, contracts for parking your car, and contracts for starting a job. Each time you pay with a credit card, you are entering a contract. Contracts are also everywhere in the business world. Contracts are used to buy office supplies, arrange loans, sell assets, and enter partnerships. In one way of thinking, the only way for a corporation to interact with the world is through the language of contracts. That is because contracts are just agreements. People sometimes think of “contracts” as something official, whereas “agreements” are something less. This is not the case. Any binding arrangement is a contract under law and will be subject to the legal system. When dealing with intellectual property, we make agreements about how that IP can be used.These agreements, called licenses in this context, are contracts. You see these licenses all the time when you enter the world of software. For consumer-oriented or open...
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