...working papers The Role of Intellectual Property Rights in Technology Transfer and Economic Growth: Theory and Evidence UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION The Role of Intellectual Property Rights in Technology Transfer and Economic Growth: Theory and Evidence By Rod Falvey Leverhulme Centre for Research on Globalisation and Economic Policy, School of Economics, The University of Nottingham and Neil Foster Department of Economics, University of Vienna In cooperation with Olga Memedovic UNIDO, Strategic Research and Economics Branch UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION Vienna, 2006 This publication was prepared by Olga Memedovic, UNIDO staff member from the Strategic Research and Economics Branch drawing on the background paper prepared for the UNIDO Research Project “Public Goods for Economic Development”, by Rod Falvey and Neil Foster. Rod Falvey is Professor of International Economics, Leverhulme Centre for Research on Globalisation and Economic Policy, School of Economics, The University of Nottingham. Neil Foster is Assistant Professor of economics at the Department of Economics, University of Vienna. The publication has benefited from the valuable comments provided by Professor David Greenaway during the finalization of this publication. UNIDO intern Robert Lambertus van Lavieren provided assistance during various stages of preparing this publication. The authors are grateful to Michael Bailey for proofreading the final...
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...World Stefano Andreis Intellectual Property has always been a widely discussed topic but not as much as it is nowadays in the so-called globalized technological era that we live in. According to the World Intellectual Property organization, known as WIPO, Intellectual property refers to creations of the mind and is divided into two categories: Industrial Property, which includes patents for inventions, trademarks, industrial designs and geographical indications and Copyright that covers literary works, films, music, artistic works and architectural design. Intellectual property rights serve the same purpose as any other property rights. They allow creators, or owners, of patents, trademarks or copyrighted works to benefit exclusively, for a certain period, from their own work or investment in a creation. However, in reality maintaining the rights for such an asset as the “creation of mind” always raises multitude of complication and disputes. Therefore, the reasons behind the intellectual rights are the following: * To maintain peace and order; * To assign decision rights; * To reward investments; * To favor the diffusion of information. However, as any other type of legislation, these rights have their own pros and cons. Property rights have a major impact on economic growth. An efficient intellectual property system is essential because the legal protection of new creations encourages the commitment of both human and economic resources to the creation...
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...------------------------------------------------- TABLE OF CONTENT 1. Intellectual Property (IP) – An Overview 2 2. Intellectual Property Rights And Protection Benefits 3 3. Intellectual Property Categories 4 3.1. Industrial Property 4 3.2. Copyright 7 4. Brief History of IP Law in Malaysia 8 4.1. Intellectual Property Issues In Malaysia 9 5. Business Responsibility in Intellectual Property 11 5.1. IP Help to Keep Your Ideas 12 5.2. IP Protects Business Growth 12 5.3. It’s Easier Than You Think 12 5.4. IP associated with a business 13 6. Positive Impacts of IP on Business Development and Growth 13 7. Negative Impacts of IP on Business Development and Growth 14 8. Benefiting from Intellectual Property Rights 16 9. Conclusions 16 Reference Intellectual Property (IP) – An Overview In general terms, intellectual property is any product of the human intellect that the law protects from unauthorized use by others. The ownership of intellectual property inherently creates a limited monopoly in the protected property. The products of the human intellect that comprise the subject matter of intellectual property are typically characterized as non-rivalrous public goods. Essentially, this means that the same product may be used simultaneously by more than one person without diminishing the availability of that product for use by others. In the words of Thomas Jefferson: "If nature has made any one thing less susceptible than all others of exclusive property, it is the action of the thinking power...
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...‘Knowledge economy’, is an economy that creates, manages and uses knowledge for growth. Intellectual property embraces the results of human creative endeavors including literary and artistic works, performances of performing artists, sound recordings, broadcasts, inventions, industrial designs, trademarks and service marks, protection against unfair competition, undisclosed information, geographical indications, layout designs of integrated circuits and new varieties of plants. The law of intellectual property recognizes and protects, among other things, the rights of the creators encouraging them to further their creative efforts and facilitating the dissemination and application of the results of creative efforts for the benefit of both creators and society as a whole. The areas such as promotion of national creativity, protection and management of the results of creativity, facilitation of transfer and management of technology, attraction of investment, enhancement of R&D activities, development of human resources and stimulation of entrepreneurship are some of the essential components of an environment conducive to a knowledge economy. Intellectual property which concerns creation, management and protection of knowledge can greatly contribute to developing and maintaining such an environment.The economic dynamism of intellectual property is multi-faceted. A few of them may be briefly highlighted as follows. Incentive for inventiveness It is the human experience...
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...Global Business Today 6e by Charles W.L. Hill McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 2 National Differences in Political Economy Introduction Question: What is the political economy of a country? A country’s political economy refers to its political, economic, and legal systems These systems are interdependent, and interact and influence each other A country’s political system has major implications for the practice of international business 2-3 Political Systems A political system is the system of government in a nation Political systems can be assessed in terms of the degree to which they emphasize collectivism as opposed to individualism in terms of the degree to which they are democratic or totalitarian 2-4 Classroom Performance System The political, economic and legal systems of a country are called a) Political systems b) Economic systems c) Legal systems d) Political economy 2-5 Collectivism and Individualism Collectivism refers to a system that stresses the primacy of collective goals over individual goals Collectivism can be traced to the ancient Greek philosopher Plato Today, socialists support collectivism When collectivism is emphasized, the needs of the society as whole are generally viewed as being more important than individual freedoms 2-6 Collectivism and Individualism Socialism Modern socialists trace their roots to Karl Marx who advocated state...
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...Chapter 02 National Differences in Political Economy True / False Questions 1. A country's political economy and culture are independent of each other. True False 2. It is not possible to have democratic societies that emphasize a mix of collectivism and individualism. True False 3. The communists believed that socialism could be achieved by democratic means, and turned their backs on violent revolution and dictatorship. True False 4. In an individualist society, the welfare of society is best served by letting people pursue their own economic self-interest. True False 5. The central message of collectivism is that individual economic and political freedoms are the ground rules on which a society should be based. True False 6. There is a global trend of societies shifting from individualism toward collectivism. True False 7. It is possible to have a democratic state where collective values predominate. True False 8. It is possible to have a totalitarian state that is hostile to collectivism and where some degree of individualism is encouraged. True False 9. The most practical form of democracy is direct democracy. True False 10. Most modern democratic states practice representative democracy. True False 11. In a market economy, if demand for a product exceeds supply, prices will rise, signaling to producers to produce more. True False ...
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... PROTECTING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN BANGLADESH: AN OVERVIEW S. M. Atia Naznin1 S. M. Atia Naznin (2011). Protecting Intellectual Property Rights in Bangladesh: an overview. Bangladesh Res. Pub. J. 6(1): 12-21. Retrieve from http://www.bdresearchpublications.com/admin/journal/upload/09251/09251.pdf Abstract In this era of globalization and rapid expansion of world economy, intellectual property and the corresponding rights over intellectual property are crucial to the economic, social and technological development of any country beyond doubt. Globalization also has made the Intellectual property rights a subject matter of international concern. All nations who want to promote and project their development in all aspects must protect the rights over intellectual property by granting legal veil through exclusive enactments. Realizing this fact, all industrialized nations and by now most developing countries of the world have enacted laws for the protection of ‘works of mind’. To comply with the international obligations Bangladesh also has introduced intellectual property rights protection system. This research paper explores to seek how enforcement mechanisms in Bangladesh are intrinsically precious, effective and thenceforth, worth in protecting the rights of IP holders. As an obvious flow of discussion the paper reiterates to look beyond the constraint and formulation of a comprehensive legal framework for IP protection. Key Words: Intellectual property, trademarks,...
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...[pic] Assignment on Intellectual Property Comparison Between Developed And Developing Countries. Submitted to Fahmida Hasan Senior Lecturer Department of Business Administration Submitted by |Name |ID | |Rajib Kundu |2010-2-10-329 | |Rakib Hasan Rabbi |2010-2-10-300 | |Razuan Ahmed |2010-2-10-071 | |Almahmud |2010-2-10-048 | |Showrav hasin |2010-2-10-074 | |S M Mostafizur Rahman |2010-1-10-092 | Section : 1 Course No : BUS 361 Course Name: Legal Environment of Business Transmittal Letter April 4,2013 Fahmida Hasan Senior Lecturer Department of Business Administration, East West University ...
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...Intellectual Property Rights Intellectual property rights have come to play an important role in developed economies, with arguments for and against these rights. While the focus of this paper will concern itself with the music industry as an example, it is important to first state the economic benefits and costs of intellectual property rights as a whole, as this will be the basis in which one will examine intellectual property rights in the music industry. The main arguments for intellectual property rights include: improved innovation, enhanced wealth and limited dispute over resources, and the promotion of competition and ideas. (Mackaay) The main arguments against Intellectual property rights include: net utility is not achieved, moral and ethical problems of intellectual property rights, higher costs and no evidence of wealth maximization. (Kinsella 1-53), (Perelman) In general, it was found that intellectual property rights can have a positive or negative effect on economic growth, depending on the environment and situation. (Maskus) Thus, it is important to realize that any discussion and evaluations related to the music industry are not relevant to intellectual property rights as a whole and should not be used as a comparative measure for other industries in general. Also, it is vital to analyze the political aspects of the music industry and its influence on intellectual property rights as it is a contributing factor in the forming the environment...
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...business in and why? (You may specify the type of business.) The Politic regime of a country is imposed to safeguard the interests of that country. However it can have the effect of limiting a country’s growth and development and can cause complications when attempting to do business within a country. China and India are two fast growing and very large countries with clear distinction in social and economic models as well as two very different politic regimes with their own unique characteristics. This essay will include a contrast look into the different political regimes in both China and India and the opportunities and threats of conducting business within these countries. The essay will focus on the different government regulations and control within the two nations as well as tax policy’s, intellectual property rights, and land and labour cost, concluding with which businesses would prefer potential foreign investment in each of these two nations. Political regimes as defined by (Kitschelt, 1992) are “the rules and basic political resource allocations according to which actors exercise authority by imposing and enforcing collective decisions on a bounded constituency”. The People’s Republic of China (PRC) formally a communist regime with Marxist ideologies until the economic reform in 1978 which lead them to a more modern socialism regime. The PRC operates under a single party socialist republic known as the ‘Communist Party of China’ which now has the ideology of ‘Socialism...
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...on Intellectual Property Comparison Between Developed And Developing Country. Submitted to Fahmida Hasan Department of Business Administration Submitted by |Name |ID | |Rajib Kundu |2010-2-10-329 | |Rakib Hasan Rabbi |2010-2-10-300 | |Razuan Ahmed |2010-2-10-071 | |Almahmud |2010-2-10-048 | |Showrav hasin |2010-2-10-074 | |S M Mostafizur Rahman |2010-1-10-092 | Section : 1 Course No : BUS 361 Course Name: Transmittal Letter April 4,2013 Fahmida hasan Department of Business Administration, East West University Subject: Submission of an assignment on comparison of intellectual property...
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...National Differences in Political Economy Learning objectives • Understand how the political systems of countries differ. • Understand how the economic systems of countries differ. • Understand how the legal systems of countries differ. • Be able to explain what determines the level of economic development of a nation. • Discuss the macro-political and economic changes taking place worldwide. • Describe how transition economies are moving towards market based systems. • Articulate the implications for management practice of national differences in political economy. This chapter discusses differences in national political, economic, and legal systems, highlighting the ways in which managers in global settings need to be sensitive to these differences. Political differences are described along two dimensions: collectivist vs. individualist and democratic vs. totalitarian. Economic systems are explored in terms of market characteristics: market economies, command economies, and mixed economies. Legal systems are discussed in terms of the protections they offer for business: intellectual property, product safety, liability and contracts. The opening case explores the political and economic situation in Venezuela since Hugo Chavez was elected president in 1998. The closing case describes the challenges facing Indonesia, a vast country populated mainly by Muslims that stretches over 17,000 islands. Indonesia...
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...innovations and ideas related rights and from infringement by others and restricts its uses, making and selling without your permissions. This paper aims to explore the significance of intellectual property rights and to know the procedure to obtain patents in India. For that, the data and information is collected from news papers, articles, magazines, internet websites, and expert interviews. Protecting intellectual property with patents provides the exclusive rights by law to the assignees or originator to make use of and exploit their inventions. The invention which meets the novelty, non-obviousness, usefulness in the industry, enabled etc criteria’s as per Indian patent act and fulfilling patentable criteria’s...
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...Property rights are the ownership rights an entity or person has over something. It is exclusive authority as to how a resource will be used or sold. The owner of the property can also have “private property rights” “Private property rights are exclusively held by an owner and protected against invasion by others. Private property can be transferred, sold or mortgaged at the owner’s discretion.” (J.D Gwartney, R.L Stroup, R.S Sobel, D.A Macpherson 2015) A well-defined and enforced property rights are very important in shaping long run economic growth and prosperity. Property right gives protections against expropriation by government, in situations of high taxes, confiscation and price control. And from other institutions who facilitate private contracts between citizens. “In the developed world, the role of property as a foundation for economic growth is commonly taken for granted because it is omnipresent and generally secure. By contrast, the effects of the absence of property are acutely felt in many developing countries. These effects are typically manifested by a disproportionately large level of informal economic activity.” (J.D. Sullivan & K,E Bettcher n.d.) There are several areas in property rights. Some ownerships are tangible and other are non-tangible. The property may be real estate, or it may be intellectual property like a copyright or trademark. A person may purchase a home, and have all rights to live in it, change the color of the walls, add a...
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...business in and why? The political regime of a country attempts to protect the interests of its citizens through social, environmental and economic goals. These objectives often have significant, yet varying impacts on organisations operating within the nation; depending upon the nature of their business and the political ideologies of the country in question. As a result, international companies looking to expand their operations overseas must carefully consider the nature of the political regime and the resultant factors which will impact their ability to conduct business and generate profits. The Peoples Republic of China and India are two vast nations which over the past several decades have undergone considerable development and economic growth and therefore represent substantial opportunity for international businesses to expand or outsource their operations. Despite their geographic proximity, China and India have very different political philosophies and regimes which have resulted in variations in their regulatory framework, taxation policies, stock exchanges, intellectual property rights and the consequential foreign direct investment and growth. The Peoples Republic of China operates through a single party political system led by the Communist Party of China. Traditionally, Marxist ideologies dominated the nation’s economic regulation, however reform in 1978 led to more modern socialist values and policy. These changes have resulted in an ideology of “socialism...
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