...and the support system to help them qualify to get a job and find housing. Incarceration is very expensive. Released inmates receive almost no support in cash and counseling upon release. Many do not have the means to feed themselves. Long-term incarceration increases the crime rate because it devastates communities and families. The US is the world leader in jailing people. About 69% of black males, high school dropouts that were born on the 1970s have served time rather than families, communities, and economic interests. Inmates are not able to participate in society after their release. They are not training, educated or rehabilitated. The reforms...
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...of a population leads to isolation, segregation and detachment of the elements of a company defining the basis of citizenship. Although individuals often returning to the community focus more on the choice of where they dwell, their long-term success in society is more likely to be dependent on the social roles they have chosen to play, to the extent that they will engage in the community and they have been prepared for this purpose during their incarceration or institutionalization. Reentry can help reduce recidivism as well as assist those who have been previously incarcerated to begin leading law abiding lives once released into society. However, overtime the importance of prisoner reentry has been drastically lowered with less emphasis on helping those to prepare for their release and with post release community integration. As a result, the shortage of reentry programs and limited responsibility of probation or parole to assist in re-entry; the rate at which people return to prison or jail is high. Keywords: reentry, recidivism, institutionalization Re-Entry and Its Effects: Institutional and Post Release Those who are incarcerated do not only serve time inside their prison cell, they also serve time once...
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...measuring crime, and myth's vs reality Crime rates. Crime is measured through statistics in the United States. Statistics help develop and see how new laws and programs are working. The three statistical reports used to measure crime in the United States are the (UCR) Uniform Crime Report, (NCVS) National Crime Victimization Survey, and (NIBRS) The National Incident Based Reporting System ("Fbi Uniform Crime Rate", 2012) . All of the crime instruments used can only be as accurate as the sources given to them. Crime rates and arrest rates are difficult for a law enforcement agency to produce to the high volume of calls received. Some examples of calls that do not require an arrest include lost pets, individuals needing medical assistance, and noise complaints. Each agency must make an organized effort to make contact with the individuals making the calls with high and low priority due to the unseen or unreported information at the caller’s location. The law enforcement community has also created an organization devoted to crime reports known as the Police Executive Research Forum (PERF) data is based on law enforcement agencies . Clearance rates are defined as cases that have been solved. Many times if an arrest was made then the case has been cleared. Some case are never cleared one example, if an offender commits a murder and he or she is found dead or flees the country before an arrest is made the data does not go into the cleared category. Recidivism rates are directly related...
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...CJS 2 Abstract In contemporary culture, an emphasis on a “tough on crime” criminal justice system has been a topic of debate amongst all citizens. In this paper, a comparison of statistical evidence and treatment rates will be discussed. The purpose is to stipulate evidence of declining crime rates, and alternative sanctions to the crime bill c-10. In addition, a consultation of rehabilitation methods and apprehension of why there is a disproportionality of Aboriginal people in the Criminal Justice System will be explored. The data discovered suggests that the legislation was enacted for political reasoning, without the consideration of underlying causes of criminal activity. Furthermore, rehabilitation treatments have shown to lower recidivism, and are used to stress the importance on investigating the root cause of criminal behaviour. Finally, the restorative justice model is adopted to promote the sense of moral wrong in the individual’s crime. A Retreat in the CJS 3 In recent years, the Canadian government has been working on implementing a stricter justice system. The omnibus crime bill C-10, was enacted in order to achieve this measure. The act consists of a concept in which includes harsher sentencing, mandatory minimums and a zero tolerance policy. This legislation attempts to put victims first, instead of defending the rights of offenders. What the government has failed to distinguish is that crime rates in Canada have been decreasing gradually over the past decade...
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...Punishment vs Rehabilitation Alana Plummer AJS/502 The way our society is set up it is expected for the criminal justice system to either punish or rehabilitate an individual that commits a crime. Punishment is a condition to refer to any change that occurs after a behavior that reduces the likelihood that that behavior will occur again in the future. Rehabilitation is a treatment and training to an offender so that he or she is made capable of returning to society. There are differences between the effectiveness of punishment compared with the effectiveness of rehabilitation of convicted offenders in prison and under community supervision. Punishment and rehabilitation both are effective with the deterrence of crime, effects on victims and offenders, society and the fiscal effect on society. Deterrence Deterrence is the act of preventing a particular act or behavior from happening. In the criminal justice system deterrence is used to prevent an individual from committing a future crime. Punishment can be an effective deterrence when an individual is sent to jail. Prison is a form of punishment. Prison is a temporary solution while the offender is incarcerated. The highest form of punishment in the criminal justice system is capital punishment. The death penalty is used to deter people from committing crimes. Capital punishment is defined as a form of putting one to death because of a crime a person has committed. The seriousness of the crime determines the punishment...
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...Juvenile Justice and Rehabilitation When discussing rehabilitation or punishment for juvenile delinquents, I believe there should be rehabilitation over punishment. Granted there are numerous cases that completely warrant punishment, but punishment isn’t always the answer. Adults are usually given second, third and fourth chances to change their lives. And sometimes rehabilitation isn’t involved. I believe since adolescents still have plenty of time to get counseling or learn about themselves and why they acted the way they did, there is always an opportunity for them to change. Adolescents don’t have the same thought process as adults. They tend to react emotionally, so if their emotions are flying high, adolescents aren’t always able to stop themselves from doing something foolish or harmful to others. This is also the point in their life when they are becoming curious about how their bodies are changing. Also add in drug or alcohol experimentation and that’s a recipe for trouble. There are numerous supporters for rehabilitation, just like there are individuals against it. As long as there is a juvenile justice system, there will always be a debate. One person that agrees with rehabilitation is Kurt Kumli, a supervising deputy district attorney for the Santa Clara County’s Juvenile Division in California. Mr. Kumli (2001) stated that there are different methods that work on different kids. But the one thing that is constant, is the need to get to the kids “sooner, than...
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...Juvenile Rehabilitation Shelly Stanko CJS/240 February 26, 2012 Farrell Binder Juvenile Rehabilitation In the previous few decades, the United States justice policy has become more punitive. In particular, in the 1990s legislatures all over the county passed laws under which an increasing number of young people can be charged in criminal courts and incarcerated in adult prisons. Certainly, in nearly every state today, youths between 13 and 14 can be prosecuted and penalized as adults for an array of crimes including non-violent offenses (Kristin, 2009). Punishments have become more severe even in the juvenile system. Generally, it is believed that the rising anxiety among citizens concerning the threat of juvenile crime has propelled this tendency and that members of the public favor this legislative tendency toward severe punishment. However, it is unclear whether this opinion about the right solutions to youth crime is precise. On the other hand, different surveys have found the public favors tougher policies regarding youth crime and punishing juveniles as severely as adults. However, a thorough review of sources of information about public views indicates that the perception that the public favors punishment for youths is largely based on either opinion surveys that pose few simplistic questions or publicized crimes like school shootings. It is possible that analysis of public views...
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...county and is detrimental to our communities” (1). For the purpose of this paper the focus will be on the incarceration of children ages 10-18 and how such can be not only detrimental to communities but also to societies and our economy.Something has to change, for some time now a large part of the United States population has bought into the whole concept of placing children who break the law in juvenile correctional facilities. As tax payers we must come to the realization that something needs to change if we want these troubled youth to have a bright future ahead of them and become law-abiding tax payers. As a country we are spending billions of dollars buying into this whole concept of incarcerating young people, while research shows it is ineffective on rehabilitating the lives of juvenile offenders. Richard A. Mendel reports that a number of studies actually show that the incarceration of juveniles, “actually increases recidivism among youth with lower-risk profiles and less-serious offending histories” (6). In order to put an end to this epidemic of just locking kids up and costing taxpayers billions of dollars we must use some alternative methods when dealing with juvenile offenders. If we want to build a stronger economy for the future we must invest less money into locking kids up and more money in building them back up. According to Mendel view on the incarceration of juveniles, “it wastes vast sums of taxpayers’ dollars. And more than not, it harms the...
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...Juvenile Delinquency Juvenile delinquency has been on the decline in recent years. The study of the variables, and distinction between the adult and juvenile systems, has helped in the decline. Delinquency is a criminal behavior that is committed by a juvenile. Depending on where in the United States the juvenile lives, they will be considered an adult between the ages of 16 to 18. This age has been lowered for serious crimes like murder. In those cases, juveniles have been tried as adults in court. Delinquency refers to conduct that does not conform to legal or moral standards of society; it usually applies only to acts that, if performed by an adult, would be termed criminal (“Encyclopedia Britannica”, 2013). This helps to distinguish delinquency from a status offense. Status offense is a word used in the United States to describe acts that when committed by a juvenile are illegal, but not when an adult does it is legal. These offenses are considered to be a violation because the individual is...
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...Jail and Prison Kadeeja Philpot 201/CJS 3/18/2016 Dr.Bride Jail and Prison As the populace develops alongside develops crime rates. With the help of community-based programs, jails, and prisons. Criminals are being held accountable for their actions. The criminal justice system is designed for criminals to obtain their punishment as a result of the crime committed. There are different levels of punishment established from jails to prisons. Jails and prisons hold some corresponding attributes yet serve entirely diverse models in the criminal justice system. There are many people who lack knowledge of the difference. Jail vs. Prison There are four sorts of detainment facilities utilized by our courts structure: minimum security penitentiaries, low-security jails, and maximum security prisons. Least security detainment facilities would utilized for those guilty parties with crimes such as nonviolent. Low-security jails would be for misdemeanor violations, and maximum security is for those who commit a brutal crime such as murder. There are a few significant differences in jail and prison. For starter, the lengths of time inmate are confined. Jails are intended to hold prisoners are anticipating trial or serving a short sentence. After being arrested, jail is mainly the first place that criminals are taken to by law enforcement officers. Prisons are designed to hold criminals who are kept for more than a year. Another fundamental difference...
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...Rehab Vs. Incarceration Should drug offenders go to rehab or jail? ITT Technical Institute Abstract This document will show why non-violent drug offenders should be given a chance to rectify their wrong doings. The research will show not only how rehabilitation programs such as DTAP are more cost effective and beneficial to an addict than prison sentences. The introduction will show how addiction can change a person so much so they end up in jail. The second and third sections will show the differences between prison and DTAP programs, while the conclusion will summarize the research findings. Rehab Vs. Incarceration Should drug offenders go to rehab or jail? Addiction Addiction has become an open conversation in America. Millions of Americans have been effected by addiction in some way or another. Many people know someone who has been effected by this terrible disease whether it be a parent, partner, sibling or friend or may have been affected themselves. This researcher has seen first-hand what addiction can do to a person. While these people stand on the sidelines watching the person they know and love turn into someone completely unrecognizable. When an addiction starts it may just be using on the weekends, here and there, or as the doctor prescribes. As time ticks on, it becomes twice as many as prescribed and before they know it, it has become every day. Eventually, they have no way to support their habit. Because their life has become such chaos there’s no...
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...Effectiveness of Juvenile Correctional Facilities: Juvenile Crime Kalah Jiggetts Criminal Justice Abstract This paper uses data on juvenile offenders released from correctional facilities in Florida to explore the effects of facility management type (private for-profit, private nonprofit, public state-operated, and public county-operated) on recidivism outcomes and costs. The data provide detailed information on individual characteristics, criminal and correctional histories, judge-assigned restrictiveness levels, and home zip codes—allowing us to control for the non-random assignment of individuals to facilities far better than any previous study. Relative to all other management types, for-profit management leads to a statistically significant increase in recidivism, but, relative to nonprofit and state-operated facilities, for-profit facilities operate at a lower cost to the government per comparable individual released. Cost- benefit analysis implies that the short-run savings offered by for-profit over nonprofit management are negated in the long run due to increased recidivism rates, even if one measures the benefits of reducing criminal activity as only the avoided costs of additional confinement. Since its beginnings in the mid-1980s, prison privatization in the United States has provoked several rounds of congressional hearings and hundreds of articles discussing its philosophical, organizational, economic, and legal implications....
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...and rehabilitation. These are the two objectives that society has the highest expectations of and the greatest interest in. Both the criminal justice system and the public each have their own opinions on how each of the objectives will or will not work. These two objectives are normally paired together, however no system relies on incarceration for a short time and then rehabilitation for a lengthy period of time. Both punishment and rehabilitation are primary focuses among correctional facilities, it is up to the facility which it chooses to put as its primary. The most common form of punishment is incarceration. Their primary goal is deterrence of crime. Deterrence can be categorized into three areas; special, specific and general deterrence. Rehabilitation has been proven an effective way of deterring inmates from repeating a crime. Punishment stops the crime immediately however it affects inmates psychologically. Two thirds of prisoners reoffend within three years of their release from prison typically with a more violent crime. Typically more than 90% of a prisons population is released into society within a few years of their incarceration. More often...
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...A Matter of Life or Death Scott Weidemann University of Phoenix A Matter of Life or Death The most common punishments for perpetrators of extremely violent crimes are often life in prison, typically with no possibility of parole, or the death penalty. Although both punishments effectively disrupt the ability of a convicted criminal to harm other citizens, deciding which punishment is appropriate for a particular situation has become a contentious topic for numerous reasons; the vast financial burden, inconclusive information regarding recidivism, and inconsistent application of non-biased punishment are the most prevalent concerns. Making a decision based on cost, when it involves a topic as important as life or death, is an unfortunate reality regarding the economic difficulty faced by many state and federal government agencies. According to a state-appointed panel investigating the viability and effectiveness of the death penalty in Maryland, litigation costs when seeking the death penalty are, “$1.9 million more than a similar case in which prosecutors seek life in prison” (Rein, 2008, ¶ 15). Over the last 30 years in Maryland, judges have sentenced 77 criminals to death; those convictions, however, only resulted in five executions, at an additional cost of $146.3 million (Rodricks, 2008). On the other hand, the average cost to house, feed, and provide medical care for a prisoner is approximately $68,000 per year (Rodricks, 2008). If considered exclusively...
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...ABSTRACT “As the judge enters the courtroom to take the bench, the court officer loudly proclaims: ‘All Rise!’ These two words inspire a sense of awe and respect for our judicial process. But what if the command, ‘All Rise!’ represented a promise — a promise that the court will lighten the burden of people whose problems have become too difficult to overcome alone? What if ‘All Rise!’ became a pledge by the court to look beyond the chaos and wreckage in peoples’ lives caused by addiction and to see their potential? What if ‘All Rise!’ offered the promise to provide the treatment and other tools needed to help people permanently change their lives? When an addict rises out of addiction and crime, we all rise” (West Huddleston, 2011). I thought that was very well put. In this paper, I will touch on the history of drug courts, how they work, and the benefits to the American taxpayers as well as society itself. HISTORY In 1989, the first Drug Court came to be and was located in Miami-Dade County, Florida The Miami-Dade Drug Court ignited a sudden national transformation that has changed our justice system. Ten years later, 492 Drug Courts were in full swing. As of June 30, 2012, 2,734 Drug Courts were in service in every U.S. state and territory. Millions of lives have been changed, thanks to Drug Courts, and they are continuing to spread all over the country and the world. This year, 2,734 Drug Courts will serve over 136,000 people (National Association of Drug Court...
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