...series of three labs were combined to observe the effects of some common biological enzymes: Catalase, Tyrosinase, and Acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Enzymes are catalytic proteins, that when present in a chemical reaction, are able to lower the action potential needed to create the reaction without being destroyed or altered themselves in the process. In Part A, my hypothesis stated that when Catalase is combined with H2O2 the rate of conversion to water and oxygen gas should double when 5-10 drops of enzyme is added and quadruple when 10-20 drops are added. In Part B, my hypothesis stated that increases in enzyme concentration or buffer pH the substrate of the final product will yield increased substrate, also, if the substrate concentration is increased then the enzyme will be less diluted, the buffer pH will increase, or there will be a temperature increase. In Part C, my hypothesis stated that tacrine will have an inhibitory effect on AChE, and that those effects will increase as the level of concentration increases. In all three labs I postulated that increases in temperature and concentration levels and would increase the rates and decrease time to form chemical reactions. We setup each lab with a series of increased concentrations and a control trial using DiH2O. We observed the results using the following instruments: LabQuest and LabQuest App, a Spectrometer, an Oxygen Gas Sensor, LoggerPro software, and class data was collected at the end of each lab and distributed...
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...Cheese Lab Background: Enzymes are proteins that catalyze or control metabolic reaction. Enzymes work by lowering the amount of activation energy needed so the reaction will happen more quickly. The molecules that an enzyme acts upon are called substrates, the substrate solutions used in this lab were milk and water. In this lab, the enzymes are specific for particular substrates. The enzyme (junket tablet) converts these substrates into different molecules by curdling. If the enzyme concentration required to start the reaction increases and speeds up a reaction, then it will remain unchanged unless certain limiting factors are introduced. Analysis & Discussions: Enzyme concentration: According to figure 5, if the amount of concentration of junket tablet increased, the time for initial curdles to form in room temperature milk decreased. This was evident because the curdles that were formed on the edges of the test tube was much faster as the amount of enzyme concentration increased by 1/5th each. The trend shows the inclination of time versus the concentration of the junket tablet, indicating the presence of a higher amount of enzymes controls the decrease in time. Moreover, the curdles were then formed larger by the last few trials according to table 5. The hypothesis is proven true by figure 5, where the rate of reaction increased as the enzyme concentration increased except at trial four where it decreased slightly. In conclusion, the higher the enzyme concentration...
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...Your Full Name: UMUC Biology 102/103 Lab 4: Enzymes INSTRUCTIONS: * On your own and without assistance, complete this Lab 4 Answer Sheet electronically and submit it via the Assignments Folder by the date listed in the Course Schedule (under Syllabus). * To conduct your laboratory exercises, use the Laboratory Manual located under Course Content. Read the introduction and the directions for each exercise/experiment carefully before completing the exercises/experiments and answering the questions. * Save your Lab 4 Answer Sheet in the following format: LastName_Lab4 (e.g., Smith_Lab4). * You should submit your document as a Word (.doc or .docx) or Rich Text Format (.rtf) file for best compatibility. Pre-Lab Questions 1. How could you test to see if an enzyme was completely saturated during an experiment? - Add more substrate and record the rate. If the rate of the reaction is constant, all the enzymes are saturated. 2. List three conditions that would alter the activity of an enzyme. Be specific with your explanation. * Temperature – Cold temperature will cause the enzyme to work slow, hot temperature will cause the enzyme to increase the movement making it less stable. * PH – Difference in range in the PH scale can alter the shape of the enzyme’s active site * Concentration Of Substrate – Less or more of enzymes to substrates ratio will affect the rate of collisions between the two affecting the number of reactions. ...
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...Title: To investigate the effect of temperature on the rate of respiration. Introduction: In this experiment, we are going to investigate how the rate of respiration is affected by changes of temperature. Hypothesis: I think that the rate of respiration increases as the temperature increases; on the contrary, the rate of respiration decreases as temperature decreases. The reason is that as temperature increases until a certain point, acetyl-CoA works most efficiently, so that the amount of O2 and Co2 will increase as well. For instance, body temperature maintains constantly around 37℃. At this temperature, human beings can work more efficient than other extreme high or extreme low temperature. Experimental Design: Independent variable: Different temperatures (Inside & Outside) Dependent variable: The rate of respiration (Change in O2 & Change in Co2) Controls: * Timer * Pressure * Type + Number of worms * Volume of container * The initial amount of O2 and Co2 Materials: * 8 worms * 2 O2 sensors * 2 Co2 sensors * 2 Biochampers (250 ml) * 2 Thermometers * 2 Timers * 2 Lab Quest Minis * 2 Laptops Risk Assessment: Procedure: Put 4 worms in a biochamper inside the classroom. Set up O2 sensor and Co2 sensor in the biochamper. Set up O2 sensor, Co2 sensor and thermometer on the Lab Quest Mini, and then on the laptop. Wait for 2-3 minutes for Co2 inside to be even. Start the timer for 40...
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...What is the effect of enzyme concentration, pH level, and temperature on the rate of reaction? Theresa Lashinski Annandale High School In partial fulfillment of the requirements for College Biology Mrs. Kraemer November 27, 2012, 2012 Abstract What is the effect of enzyme concentration, temperature, and pH levels on the rate of reaction for the enzyme tyrosinase? An experiment was conducted, manipulating the pH levels, temperature and concentration of the enzyme tyrosinase. The materials used in this experiment were: cuvettes, a spectrophotometer, three different concentrations of tyrosinase, buffered substrate, temperature water baths, distilled water, a computer equipped with the LoggerPro program, microtubules, and syringes. The College Biology class from Annandale High School, made of approximately half male and half female conducted the experiment. All of the students tested for enzyme concentration, but one half of the class also tested for temperature while the other half examined pH levels. The results showed that as enzyme concentration goes up, the rate of reaction increases. It was also found that as you move farther away from the optimal pH of the enzyme, reaction rate decreases. The results also showed that the greater the temperature, the higher the reaction rate, until it reached 60 degrees Celsius, which denatured the enzymes’ hydrogen bonds. Literature Review Enzymes are a vital part of the workings of...
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...Biology 101 - Professor Landry University of Phoenix Due Date: August 30, 2011 EXPLORATION What is the relationship between the increase in light intensity and the photosynthetic rate in leaves from a corn plant? How does this relationship compare with what you observed for tomato plants? As light intensity increases, the photosynthetic rate of a plant increases as well. However biochemical reaction, in fact, DO have temperature limits because if the temperatures reach a certain degree and overheat, the enzymes will get damaged and/or lost and inevitably die. Therefore, temperatures must be a tolerable limits in order to increase a photosynthetic rate. Photosynthesis at low temperatures actually take CO2 more efficiently. The rate of photosynthesis is decreased by higher oxygen concentrations. Lower temperatures inhibit Rubisco and forces this enzyme to to work competitively. Rubisco works competitively because is actually binds itself to oxygen rather than binding to carbon dioxide because of the mere attraction. Therefore, in doing so, this activates photorespiration rather than photosynthesis. Photosynthesis in corn is different from photosynthesis in a tomato. Corn is part of CO4. CO4 plants are actually able to capture CO2 into precursor acids. In doing so, CO2 is kept at a constant rate. Increases and decreases in temperature do not affect the rate of CO2. Corn is able to continue efficient energy production which surprisingly allows it to grow no matter what the...
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...AP Biology Exam Review: Lab Essays At least one essay (FRQ) on the exam will be based on an AP laboratory. To prepare for this question, review the objectives for all twelve laboratory exercises. The College Board does not necessarily expect that you have completed that lab, but rather that you have investigated the objectives of the lab. You may be asked to “design an experiment to determine….” You don’t necessarily need to create a new lab; if you have done an activity that would answer the question, simply describe it. For a good response, you should include the following. 1. State a hypothesis [as an “if…..(conditions), then….(results)” statement] Be sure your hypothesis is testable. 2. Identify the variable factor. 3. Identify the control. Be certain to explain the control for the experiment. 4. Hold all other variables constant. 5. Manipulate the variable. 6. State how you would measure the results. 7. Discuss the expected results. Relate the results to your hypothesis. 8. Include steps to replicate or verify. You may be asked to graph data. Be sure to use a graph that is appropriate for you data. Bar graphs are used when data points are discrete (not related to one another), while line graphs are used with the data are continuous. If there is a data point at zero, be certain to extend your line to 0, but do not extend the line to 0 if there is no data point at zero. Other points to keep in mind: ...
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...name-----Mr. Kalanderopoulos, J Course code-----SCH4U Abstract The purpose of this lab is to find out the molar enthalpy change of neutralization by mixture sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid. To get the result use some related materials and thermometer to measure the temperature of each solution. The formula to describe this mixture reaction is HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O (Sodium hydroxide combined with Hydrochloric acid) Purpose To determine the molar enthalpy change of neutralization, for the reaction of aqueous sodium hydroxide and aqueous hydrochloric acid. Hypothesis If Hess’ law is used to calculate the molar enthalpy of combined for HCl and NaOH using experimentally determined enthalpy values, then the final result will be more specific. This is because Hess’ law states that the sum of the enthalpy pages of the intermediate reactions, should equal the enthalpy change of the target reaction. Materials Coffee-cup calorimeter | Strning rod | Two 100 ml graduate cylinders | 1.0 mol/L Sodium hydroxide NaOH (aq) | thermometer | 1.0 mol/L Hydrochloric Acid HCl (aq) | Procedure Safety---before doing the lab, make sure already read the lab safety guidelines. (MSDS of sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid). All things that were unrelated and corrosive to the experiment should be clear off the benches. Goggles and glove should be kept on all the time. To start this lab need assemble two coffee-cup calorimeter, each assemble coffee-cup have a nested polystyrene...
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...Marigona Krasniqi 15 October 2015 Contemporary Science: Chemistry Lab assignment Gas Laws Lab Part 1 – The effect of temperature on gas volume Problem: Which gas law describes these results (Paper assignment)? Observation/ Research: Charles’s Law According to Jacques Charles, “if the temperature of the gas increases, the volume of the gas also will be increased or other way around.” (Charles). This statement describes Charles Law. According to this law, “the Volume and Temperature are directly proportional and pressure is held constant” (Charles). This shows that V/T = k, where k is constant. So, the formula of this law is: V1/T1 = V2/T2 (Charles’s Law) Hypothesis: If the temperature of the gas within the syringe is decreased, then the...
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...Course: Bio 102 Instructor: Marina Yoffe Assignment: Lab report (Introduction and discussion) Introduction The way in which different organisms acquire oxygen in exchange for carbon dioxide has truly evolved. The exchange of carbon dioxide for oxygen is essential for the survival of organisms that need to produce the energy molecule ATP through the process of cellular respiration. Respiration (breathing) is the way organisms exchange gases with their environment (White and Campo 2004). During cellular respiration organisms break down energy rich macromolecules such as starch to make ATP in a chemical reaction where oxygen and water is involved (Ege R. and A. Krogh 1914).The use of oxygen is very important; therefore the efficient acquisition of oxygen is very necessary for an animal’s survival. Depending on what type of organism is involved, our sources of oxygen are different and occur through diffusion. Terrestrial animals obtain oxygen through the air while organisms living in water depend on the oxygen from the water. Unlike terrestrial animals, the amount of oxygen for animals living in water is limited based on the amount of oxygen that has dissolved in the water. Since an adequate amount of oxygen is necessary, animals developed respiratory organs to help them ventilate and obtain as much oxygen from their respected sources as possible (W.C and R. Oesting 1934). One organism that has developed an efficient way of acquiring oxygen is fish. Fish use a counter-current exchange...
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...University EAS 361 Laboratory Lab Exercise 0 5 October 2004 Gerald Recktenwald Lab Partners: Jane Doe Jill Jones Lab Performed 29 September 2004 Joe Smith 1 Introduction A capillary tube viscometer was used to measuring the viscosity of water as a function of temperature. The purpose of the lab is to gain familiarity with this method of viscosity measurement, and to understand the data reduction process necessary to convert measurements to viscosity values. 2 Apparatus Figure 1 is a schematic of the viscometer used in the test. Water from the upper chamber flows through the capillary tube and is collected in the graduated cylinder. The upper chamber is surrounded with a thermally regulated water bath that is used to control the temperature of the water during the viscosity measurements. A glass thermometer suspended in the upper chamber is used to record the temperature of the sample fluid. A plastic cooking spoon is used to stir the sample fluid so that its temperature is uniform and so that the system more quickly reached steady state after a change in the thermostat stetting. The flow through the capillary tube is turned on or off with a small ball valve near the outlet of the capillary tube. [pic] Figure 1 Capillary viscometer used in the measurements. Image from CD-ROM supplied with course textbook [1]. 3 Procedure Each measurement is at a specified temperature. To prepare for a reading...
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...Lab Worksheet Faculty of Science & Engineering School of Engineering Manchester Metropolitan University Activity Activity Title Laboratory Room No. Level 34567 M/E 000 Principle of Saturation Pressure Measurement 5 Term 1 Duration 3 Max Group Size 12 Max Total Students 12 Date of approval/review 10-12 Technical Team Leader Keith Birchenough Lead Academic Jiting Feng Equipment (per group) number Item TH3 Saturation Pressure Apparatus Armfield TH3 Saturation Pressure Apparatus Electric Console 500ml Beaker PC with TH3 software Stopwatch Learning Outcomes (from unit spec) Learning Outcome To obtain an understanding of the principle of saturation pressure measurement 2 3 To measure the saturation pressure of water using a pressurised vessel To examine the measurement accuracy 4 5 6 TM PDF Editor Lab Worksheet School of Engineering Manchester Metropolitan University 2012-2013 Principle of Saturation Pressure Measurement First Name Second Name Student Number Group Number Date To be completed by Tutor Marked Awarded Comments (please also referred to the feedback sheet) TM PDF Editor Manchester University Lab Worksheet School of Engineering Manchester Metropolitan University 2012-2013 Manchester Metropolitan University Advanced Mechanical Science Principle of Saturation Pressure Measurement ...
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...___________________ Class ____________ Photosynthesis Virtual Labs Tutorial: http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/science_up_close/512/deploy/interface.html Watch and listen to the tutorial found in the link above. Fill in the following answers as you watch. Stop and replay anything you don’t understand – this is a complicated topic! food 1. Plants use photosynthesis to make __________________ for the plant. 2. What do plants need in order to perform photosynthesis? Plants need light ( usually from the sun) in order to perform photosynthesis. 3. How is the plant able to obtain each “ingredient?” The plant obtains each ingredient from the air through open pores or holes in the leaves. 4. Identify the plant cell organelle in which photosynthesis takes place. Chloroplasts 5. Summarize the process of photosynthesis. Water and carbon enter the chloroplast….. When sun shines on the leaf, the chlorophyll in the chloroplast absorb some of the energy in the light. A chemical reaction occurs that changes the water and carbon dioxide into sugar and oxygen. The energy from the light is ultimately stored in the sugar. 6. What happens to the oxygen that is produced as a result of photosynthesis? The oxygen is released into the air. 7. Why is photosynthesis also important for people and animals? We get oxygen from the air when we breathe. And also if we eat fruits and vegetables, we get energy from plants. Virtual Lab #1 - http://www.reading.ac.uk/virtualexperiments/ves/preloader-photosynthesis-full...
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...! Lab Report: Scientific Method Your Name: ___________Jose Sebastian Flores Vera______________________ Purpose of this Lab What is the goal of this lab? What question is it trying to answer, or what problem is it trying to explain? This lab is for the application and understanding of the scientific method. The propose of this lab helps students to learn the metric system, its units, and the conversion from the English system to the metric system. Hypothesis After reading the lab instructions - but before starting the lab - record your best “educated guess” about what will happen in the experiment. What hypothesis can you generate about the effect of adding salt to water? Well, the addition of salt to tap water raises the boiling point of the water in a steady and constant way. Because the addition of the salt increases the number of atoms, then it will take a higher temperature to reach the boiling point. Experimental Design List the materials used in this lab, and the procedure you followed. Materials: 1. Tablespoon 2. Sharpie 3. Thermometer 4. Measuring cup 5. Kitchen stove 6. Several small pots 7. Table salt 8. Tap water Procedure (list steps in the order in which you performed them): 1. Pour 2 measured cups of tap water in the pot 2. Heat it up, record the boiling point with the thermometer. 3. Discard the water. 4. Pour 2 measured cups of tap water in the pot. 5. Add a tablespoon of salt. 6. Heat it up, record the boiling point with the...
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...------------------------------------------------- ECET-402 Week 2 Lab – Acquiring Temperature & Signal Conditioning This lab actually consists of two separate but related labs. They will be presented in Parts A and B. Objective: The objective of this lab is to use an LM34 temperature sensor to acquire temperature and display it in an 8-bit binary number using LEDs and designing simple signal conditioning circuits using op-amps. Parts Needed: 1. Multisim 8 (or higher) 2. LM34 Temperature Sensor 3. ADC0809 4. 8 LEDs 5. Wires, wire cutter, and wire stripper 6. Adjustable DC Power Supply 7. Function Generator and DMM Part A – Temperature Sensor We will use an LM34 temperature sensor IC to measure temperature in Fahrenheit degrees. We will then convert the analog output voltage of the sensor to an 8-bit digital signal using the Analog to Digital converter ADC0809. Finally we will use 8 LEDs to display an 8-bit binary number representing the temperature. LM34: The LM34 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors. The output voltage is directly proportional to temperature in Fahrenheit degrees. Output voltage increases by 10 mV for every one degree Fahrenheit. For example, an output voltage of 720 mV (0.72 V) indicates a temperature of 72 F. LM34 has a range of -50 to +300° F and can be operated with a voltage supply of 5 to 30 VDC. It draws only 75 µA from its supply...
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