...The Columbian Exchange was a product of the European colonization of the Americas before slavery became institutionalized. Nathaniel Bacon's insurrection made the authorities recognize that the indentured slaves would continue to fight against the laborers as long as the colonists changed their system to take indentured servants as laborers. As a result, they began using Africans as a new labor force. The elimination of indentured servants, and the justification of slavery by religion, caused the economic need for cheap labor. Important causes like the ones listed above all contributed to the institution of slavery between 1607 and 1770. The time-chart graph, Number of Indentured Servants and Slaves per Probate Inventory, York County, Virginia,...
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...increasingly became a land of white opportunity and black slavery (Tindal & Shi 2012). Due to the Southern colonies climate advantage it enabled them to grow exotic staples which demanded the need for more labor. Indentured servants, person promised to work for a fixed number of years in return for land or freedom, were either voluntary or forced to serve for a master. Indentured servants were used as a solution to the agricultural labor problem within the colonies. Their rights were limited and engaging in trade was prohibited which enabled slavery to later be enforced. Changes and problems aided to indentured servants’ beginning and decline within colonies. Colonies faces unintended consequences of using indentured servants such as weather conditions or...
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...Justin Baker R. Brogan US History 1865 Midterm Essay #1: Question #1: Northern, Middle, and Southern Colonies Compare and Contrast America has always been a land of diversity but also a land of unity. This statement also applied to the first English settlements that were established here in North America. In the beginning years of America, the colonies could be divided into three regional areas: New England colonies, middle colonies and the southern colonies. Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, and Rhode Island comprised the northern colonies; New York, Delaware, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania made up the middle colonies; and Virginia, Maryland, Carolina, North Carolina, and Georgia composed the southern colonies. These three colonial areas had both similarities and differences that will be analyzed in respects to their economic base, political structures, and attitudes toward slavery established in these three regional areas throughout this essay. Although many different types of Europeans founded the colonies throughout the eastern seaboard they were some similarities as to how they were established and how they made their economic bases. Throughout the Norton text I’ve noticed that all of the colonies were established through some sort of business enterprise, whether it was through the Massachusetts Bay Company, or the Virginia Company, or even a lone entrepreneur, looking to make a fortune for them. These businesses were all expected to turn a profit, some of them...
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...in the years to come. Social, economical, and political differences between the two regions would eventually become so intense that they would cause one of the bloodiest battles of all time--- the Civil War. Differences began as early as the years of the colonial period. To begin, the Northern and Southern colonies developed vastly different economies. The Chesapeake colonies' most important staple crop became tobacco. Tobacco affected nearly every aspect of their lives. The colonies were able to collect many duties on tobacco. Harvesting tobacco called for a great deal of work. However, the colonists were unprepared for this work. They were lazy and greedy. Whenever possible, planters in Virginia and the Southern colonies purchased able-bodied workers who were capable of getting the job done. In all of the Southern colonies, white planters forced African slaves to produce staple crops for the world market. In Virginia and Georgia, colonists were granted land for each additional servant they transported to their colony. Along with tobacco, wood, naval stores, and rice were also strong factors in the economic success of Southern colonies such as Georgia and the Carolinas. In contrast to the...
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...America, the colonies could be divided into three regional areas: New England colonies, middle colonies and the southern colonies. Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, and Rhode Island comprised the northern colonies; New York, Delaware, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania made up the middle colonies; and Virginia, Maryland, Carolina, North Carolina, and Georgia composed the southern colonies. These three colonial areas had both similarities and differences that will be analyzed in respects to their economic base, political structures, and attitudes toward slavery established in these three regional areas throughout this essay. Although many different types of Europeans founded the colonies throughout the eastern seaboard they were some similarities as to how they were established and how they made their economic bases. Throughout the Norton text I’ve noticed that all of the colonies were established through some sort of business enterprise, whether it was through the Massachusetts Bay Company, or the Virginia Company, or even a lone entrepreneur, looking to make a fortune for them. These businesses were all expected to turn a profit, some of them did and some of them didn’t. However all of the hard work that was done and all of the profit made usually went back to owners of these companies like the Massachusetts Bay Company and the Virginia Company or the profits went to the King of England or to the individual entrepreneur. Another benefactor in having the colonies established...
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...The southern colonies had a lasting effect which is still noticed today. This essay will explain How Virginia and Maryland were established. How the Carolinas were established. How colonists and Native Americans interacted with each other. Why plantations formed. What like was like for enslaved laborers on plantations. And, How the southern colonies helped to develop a representative government. How were Virginia and Maryland established? “The first English colony in North America was Virginia, sponsored by the Virginia Company of London. The Virginia Company was a group of stockholders who hoped to profit from a Virginia colony. They sponsored Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in North America, in 1607.”(D.E 2.4,1) The stockholders...
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...year, the punishment was extended to hanging the runaway. By 1641 the law was changed such that death would be the punishment unless the servant requested that his or her service be extended after the expiration of the contract. The service could be extended up to twice the time absent, not to exceed seven years. n the Colonial period of the 17th and 18th centuries thousands of settlers arrived in the colonies as indentured servants, who were expected to work without wages to pay off their debts, which included the cost of transportation to the colonies. Large estates and workshops continued to employ indentured servants in the Middle Colonies long after African slaves had largely replaced indentured servants as the labor force on tobacco and rice plantations in the Southern Colonies. Please read these accounts by individuals who at different times experienced life as indentured servants firsthand or witnessed the situation of indentured servants in the colonies. Richard Frethorne was an indentured servant in Virginia in 1623. George Alsop was an indentured servant in Maryland in the mid-17th century. Gottlieb Mittelberger was a schoolmaster and organist who wrote about the experiences of indentured servants in Pennsylvania around 1750. Hugh Jones was a clergyman and college professor in Virginia in 1724 who published a description of this colony. I hope this help...
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...The colonies in the eighteenth century had a massive increase in population. As some of this is due to natural increase, there was still immigration from all across Europe, mostly as indentured servants, and the importation of slavery from Africa. Since the colonies were becoming so diverse, there were many tensions that came about. Some of these tensions caused a significant event in history known as the Salem witch trials. One of the most important tensions that arose is the difference of inequality between the rich and the poor. As indentured servants were released after their obligation, they were left with no money and had to fully fend for themselves. There were also many different religions as immigration extended beyond England to other European countries. Each religion found theirs to be the true religion and therefore many people had many different beliefs and arguments. Since there was becoming a greater distance between the rich and the poorer, the two groups had a hard time agreeing upon certain things. The wealthier residents were considered to be more privileged and therefore things went more their way. This lead the poorer residents of Salem to at times, to lash out towards the richer, or their servants, with what was...
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...Eventually, over time these indentured servants turned into slaves, which we all have learned about through history. The time line from indentured servants to slaves is quite compelling and I’ll show you how. In 1619, the very first African-Americans show their faces in Virginia. Most of them were indentured servants, trying to prove their worthiness in the eyes of the white land owners. After whites discover how much their field hands accomplish, they begin to transport blacks from Africa to the West Indies. In the 1660s, slavery becomes even more appealing and soon enough, slave codes are put into act. These were laws passed as a model for other colonies on how slaves were to be a white man’s personal property, initially taking away black’s rights. It protected the institution of slavery. Beginning in the 1670s, the African-American population in North America was growing outrageously large. Enslaved women usually had an average of more than four children and because of this; the Chesapeake region was one of the first regions to raise a large generation directly into...
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...male, and poor. Over half of the immigrants were indentured servants and slaves. Some of the servants volunteered and some were forces or kidnapped into migrating. These indentured slaves played a major role in the development of American colonies. The indentured slaves wanted to move to America and the masters needed labor. This became a path for families to finance their trip to America is search for a better life. Indentured Servants Beginning and Decline...
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...The colonies were founded for different reasons. The Southern colonies were founded to seek economic prosperity that they couldn't find in England. The Middle colonies were founded to establish freedom of religion where people didn't have to follow in something they didn't believe in. The New England colonies were founded by Puritans and Pilgrims to succeed from the Church of England and like the Middle colonies have religious and spiritual freedom. As activities went for the Southern colonies agriculture was big especially for growing cash crops, indenture servants and slaves were also very important when it came to farming. Like the Southern colonies the Middle colonies were big into farming because their fields were very fertile. The New...
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...important presence in colonial America. Because native birth rates in the colonies were low, laborers for the plantations had to come from elsewhere. Indentured servants from Europe were the first unfree laborers introduced to the colonies. After Bacon’s rebellion, planters sought another form of unfree labor, slavery. Indentured servants and slaves were the backbone of colonial America’s economy. Indentured servitude was fundamental to the development of the economy of early colonial America. The practice was introduced to the colonies by the Virginia Company to solve the labor shortage issue on the tobacco plantations, and because of the high cost of slaves and England’s surplus of displaced workers and farmers, indentured servants were preferable. By 1700, approximately three quarters of the population in the Chesapeake colonies were indentured servants. This was the first time the English colonies had implemented unfree labor on a large scale showing the region’s reliance on it. After Bacon’s Rebellion, planters sought to replace their malcontent servants for slaves....
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...The black slaves fulfilled the demand for labor in the South by the British Colonists since they had an agriculturally based economy. They grew cotton on vast tracks of land that was very labor intensive for planting and picking. What were the major differences between African slaves and indentured servants the early colonies? We see that there was little difference between the slave and the indentured servant. Indentured servants came from England. They had no chance at owning land in England and were very poor. The only way they could get to the colonies was to come as indentured servants. They passage was paid for and they worked for a "master" for a specified amount of time then they were freed. In fact, black slaves and indentured servants were treated virtually the same and worked in the fields together. But after 1680, the mainland colonists depended more on the slave trade because there was less indentured servants. More land was freed...
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...philosophies were different- all possibly rooted in their allegiance to the Crown back home. To the North, or New England Colonies, the settlers occupied Massachusetts Bay Colony, Plymouth, Rhode Island, New Haven, and Connecticut. And to the South, or Chesapeake Region, the settlers occupied Virginia, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and New Jersey. Now, let’s get into the nitty-gritty; the “how and why” these two regions were so different. First thing is first. Chesapeake settlers had a majority allegiance to England’s values. These people, by and large, represented the English establishment back home. So, what does this mean? Well, that...
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...Associate Level Material Appendix A Clash of Cultures Complete the grid by describing the characteristics listed in the left-side column for the five groups named. | |Native Americans |Northern Colonists |Mid-Atlantic Colonists |Southern Colonists |West Africans | |Political Structure|Politics advanced in large |Participated in discussions, took |The Middle Colonies were generally|The southern colonies had a |Politics advanced in large | | |kingdoms that oversaw and |votes on projects and taxes. Laws |run by Royal or Proprietary |governor and a council appointed |kingdoms that oversaw and | | |protected their citizens and that |were based on common law to do |Governors and elected Colonial |by the crown, and an assembly |protected their citizens and that | | |allowed for expansive lines of |God’s duty in the land he had |Assemblies. Many Middle Colony |or house of representatives that |allowed for expansive lines of | | |trade. |given them |constitutions guaranteed freedom |was elected by the people. The |trade. | | | | |of religion and forbade taxation |governor...
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