...Problem Solving and Decision Making: Consideration of Individual Differences Using the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator William G. Huitt Citation: Huitt, W. (1992). Problem solving and decision making: Consideration of individual differences using the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Journal of Psychological Type, 24, 33-44. Retrieved from [date] http://www.edpsycinteractive.org/papers/prbsmbti.html Return to: | Readings in Educational Psychology | Educational Psychology Interactive | Abstract Improving individuals' and groups' abilities to solve problems and make decisions is recognized as an important issue in education, industry, and government. Recent research has identified a prescriptive model of problem solving, although there is less agreement as to appropriate techniques. Separate research on personality and cognitive styles has identified important individual differences in how people approach and solve problems and make decisions. This paper relates a model of the problem-solving process to Jung's theory of personality types (as measured by the MBTI) and identifies specific techniques to support individual differences. The recent transition to the information age has focused attention on the processes of problem solving and decision making and their improvement (e.g., Nickerson, Perkins, & Smith, 1985; Stice, 1987; Whimbey & Lochhead, 1982). In fact, Gagne (1974, 1984) considers the strategies used in these processes to be a primary outcome of modern education...
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...Conflict Resolution Paper Lucy Cortez, Flo Gonzalez, Max Ruiz, and Jamal Wood Team A Psy/430 April 6, 2011 University of Phoenix Conflict Resolution Paper In this paper the subject to go into is about a conflict about time management, a proposed resolution, personal strengths used, conflict management techniques used, other techniques that were used and how the group arrived at this decision. Time management Time management consists of time spent, increased productivity, and is aided by skills or techniques such as planning, allocating, and goal setting. Time management occurs when projects, goals or tasks are accomplished in a timely manner. Time management is the conflict that the team is suffering from (Answers Corporation, 2011). Each member had the opportunity to meet in person or do work over the Internet through e-mails. The team agreed to e-mail because of conflict of work schedules and distance from one another. The problem started when members of the team were turning work in late and there was not anytime to submit work into write point for corrections, and the members were not responding to his or her e-mails and that started the lack of communication. Proposed solution The team came together to strategize and come up with a solution to help accommodate this problem. The decision to make one member in charge of contacting each member was a suggestion, but over ruled. Each member agreed to make a phone call to contact members once an e-mail was...
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...Decision Making and Problem Solving: Benefits and Techniques Defining Problem Solving and Decision Making Definition of a Problem: A problem exists when there is a gap between what you expect to happen and what actually happens. Definition of Decision Making: Decision making is selecting a course of action from among available alternatives. The Difference between Decision Making and Problem Solving While both processes are systematic, problem solving involves defining a problem and creating solutions for it. Decision making is selecting a course of action from among available alternatives. Problem solving always involves decision making. However, not all decision making involves solving a problem. For example, a supervisor may have to make decisions about employees, resources, workload, etc. without having a problem to solve. Problem-Solving and Decision-Making Process Problem solving is a process in which we perceive and resolve a gap between a present situation and a desired goal, with the path to the goal blocked by known or unknown obstacles. In general, the situation is one not previously encountered, or where at least a specific solution from past experiences is not known. In contrast, decision making is a selection process where one of two or more possible solutions is chosen to reach a desired goal. The steps in both problem solving and decision making are quite similar. In fact, the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. Steps in Decision Making...
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...scenario a problem evaluation and decision making process is simulated to assist in evaluating a specific retail stores current state. A description of the types of evaluation tools and techniques used and how they assisted with the evaluation of the decision-making process and outcomes will be outlined. A consideration if other types of tools and techniques would have generated better results will be evaluated. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the decision-making process and how different tools and techniques assist with critical thinking. Credenhill is a competitive retail business which is the subject of a simulation. At this time one of Credenhill’s local stores is dealing with problems which range from low sales, unhappy employees to other issues affecting their current operations. During the simulation we went through a problem evaluation and decision-making process intended to identify Credenhill’s current state, suggest corrective actions and measurements to ensure that the outcome of the corrective actions are beneficial to the store. In the following we will discuss the tools and techniques used in the simulation during the problem evaluation and decision-making process as well as the tools and techniques we used during the process and compare the different outcomes if any at all. In experiencing the simulation, the “Urgency-Criticality Matrix,” used in the simulation resembles the “Drill Down” problem-solving tool. ...
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...net 301-229-0351 Introduction Creativity is the development of ideas new to the individual. It is the one basic element in the methodology that singles out effective VE performance by bringing one closer to the attainment of optimum value. It takes creativity to discover alternate designs, construction methods, systems or processes that will accomplish the required functions of the present way of performing. Part 5.1 Individual creative capability Analysis of function through use of creativity is a principal root of VE requiring that individuals create on schedule. To some, this challenge seems overwhelming. It is similar to asking one to invent a useful object by noon on Friday of every week. Fortunately, everyone possesses some degree of creative ability. Normally an individual's creative potential is much more than he assumes. As a result, innate creative ability can be developed and improved through training and practice. While there is no precise scientific way of measuring creative action, creative behavior and potential can be subjectively evaluated. One can evaluate himself by reviewing the indicators of creative behavior shown in Figure 19. Part 5.2 Problem solving methods There are two approaches to problem solving: the analytical and the creative. a. Analytical approach. The strictly analytical approach is substantially singular in purpose. The problem is stated exact. A direct approach to the solution is taken, proceeding through a step-by-step...
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...Communication and Collaboration Strategy Paper Jennifer Jones GEN/200 July 18, 2011 Lisa Foster Communication and Collaboration Strategy Paper “Everyone has some things that they do well and other things that they find difficult. To learn successfully, you need to maximize your strengths and compensate your weaknesses.” (Carter, Bishop, & Kravits, 2007, p. 38). According from keys to college studying. Analyze the statement. People highlight their strengths to others because it will present a person’s elevated value in a particular situation or environment. Individuals rarely expose their weaknesses to others because it could deem them as “weak” or incompetent. Learning new information can expose individuals to some issues if their learning styles differ from the method used to help them obtain the new information. There are three learning styles and three different personality types that will be discussed. As well as developing strategies for them. The first learning style is taking notes. This is a traditional method use in the classroom and also in the workplace. If the individual do not want to rely on memory alone and have pen and paper handy, this learning style would work. For the student who has trouble studying by rewriting notes, may simply want to try a new strategy by using highlighters on the material instead. The second learning style is study groups. Study groups are very common in and out of the classroom. By using this style, this will help...
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...brainpower and their influence on organizational decision making. Examining and explaining the outcome of the five forces, persuading of the intellectual models and mindsets. Screening some examples in the paper how certain mental models and mindsets can limit one’s ability to make sound decision-making practices. Trying to understand why certain individuals can progress, due to not wanting to be stuck in a certain mindset could be a great achievement, when having excellent mindsets and mental models. The five forces is past experiences, environment, education and/or lack of, genetics and hereditary have shape how individual perspective on business and their creative ideas. Four of the creative styles of are Perceptive, creativity, motivation and originality will be observe to help the reader better understand why as individuals think and react about certain business. Michael Porter’s Five Forces Michael Porter’s five forces tools have been used over the years to improved individuals mindsets in a business situation. These forces are helpful to evaluate the influences of an existing competitive situation, and strength of a considering business one might want to move into. Using the forces can have it strength and weakness, which the Porter’s five plan can help with problems that might occur when the creativity think process is not put in to proper action. Typically, the tools are used to recognize whether a new product, services or businesses have an ability to be cost-effective...
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...over the decision to go back to school or maintain at their current level. Combining what you already know with what you will learn in school can lead to a successful academic career. The skills like critical thinking, problem solving and effective communication will allow you to be successful. When a person chooses to continue their education, there are several techniques that must be learned in order to achieve academic success. True academic success is utilizing what they learn in the classroom and applying it to real life situations. Understanding one’s own learning style and using the necessary communication skills will offer students a positive experience and validate skills that are essential for success in their career. In order to achieve long term success, setting goals is an important component. Setting goals, short and long term, can increase a student’s momentum and determination to succeed. Making short term goals like completing course work each week ahead of schedule can make the idea of juggling school and work less stressful. Many short term goals can make the long term that much more reachable with the small successes along the way; long term would be to graduate from the program. Personal success will continue to motivate and push an individual to succeed. Goals help you focus and allocate your time and resources efficiently, and they can keep you motivated when you feel like giving up. Studies show a link between setting goals and improved performance in professional...
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...Table of Contents Reflection Paper 3 Critical Thought and Perception 3 Problem Solving 3 Reporting Inferring and Judging 4 Using Your Judgment for Personal and Organizational Issues 4 Active Listening 4 Argument 5 Analyzing Conflict 5 Working Through Conflict 6 The Communication Process 7 Positive Language and Negotiation 7 Conclusion 10 References 11 Appendix A 12 Appendix B 20 Reflection Paper Conflict Management is defined as “the practice of recognizing and dealing with disputes in a rational, balanced and effective way. Conflict management implemented within a business environment usually involves effective communication, problem resolving abilities and good negotiating skills to restore the focus to the company's overall goals (BusinessDictionary.com, 2015).” Conflict is inevitable in a workplace setting. Individuals will always have different points of view and misunderstanding of these views cause disagreements. Conflict is a natural, necessary, and should not always be considered negative. Critical Thought and Perception Critical thought, perception, and emotional intelligence are important elements when considering conflict and the management of such. By examining the conflicts and the different behaviors involved, a manager can determine the type of conflict style each party is exhibiting. The analysis of the conflict style can help an individual find a resolution for each party that is acceptable to both parties. An individual’s...
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...no extra thinking, with minimal consequences or benefits; whereas other decisions require much more time due to the magnitude of the decision, and its potential impact on the wellbeing of self or others. Important decisions can result in significant consequence or benefits. Many thinking styles exist with many similarities and dissimilarities. Persuasive, creative and scientific thinking styles offer techniques for problem solving. Individuals using various forms of critical thinking may be unaware of the techniques employed. Strength in problem solving is gained through exploring and learning about three of the many thinking styles. Comparing and Contrasting Thinking Styles The unleashed creative thinking style has the capability to produce much original, even brilliant thought. Creative thought processes new and wondrous ideas using techniques such as the metaphor, brainstorming and star-bursting. Creativity occurs within every distinct area of thinking. Creative thought does not present itself best under just any circumstances; it is most effective when the individual is courageous, calm, and has eliminated many of the barriers that could inhibit ones creative potential. This loose, freewheeling style of thinking is in stark contrast to both the scientific and persuasive styles of thinking. The scientific thinking style is one of structure and adheres to specific criteria; it is much like a language, with a strict set of rules to follow. Such is The Scientific Method...
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...hands-on training. Student will also earn up to 2 (two) High School technology credits. The course will be offered in three sections. The sections must build upon each other. Course Objectives The objective of this course is to provide the background for the students to become knowledgeable in the components of Microsoft Office. It will also provide them with the knowledge and expertise to fulfill many roles in today’s society, be preparing them in the field of office systems. Course Curriculum Textbook - Microsoft Office 2007: Introductory Concepts and Techniques, Windows Vista Edition, 1st Edition ISBN-10: 1423927133 Course Standards This course will be taught to Sunshine State Standards (See Documentation). Course Outline Essential Introduction to Computers Microsoft Windows Vista 1. Introduction to Windows Vista Microsoft Word 2007 1. Creating and Editing a Word Document 2. Creating a Research Paper 3. Creating a Cover Letter and a Resume Web Feature: Creating a Web Page Using Word Microsoft Excel 2007 1. Creating a Worksheet and an Embedded Chart 2. Formulas, Functions, Formatting, and Web Queries 3. What-If Analysis, Charting, and Working with Large Worksheets...
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...unit with satellite imagery and planned to launch the product by the holiday season of 2008. Emma Richardson, the new Executive Vice President, was tasked with the launch of the newly developed GPS unit; she needed to finalize decisions on costs, pricing, and initial production volume. Emma’s main focus as the new EVP was to move the company toward greater operational alignment and increase cross-departmental cooperation. This focus was in response to existing tension between the U.S headquarters in Chicago and the production team in China. The development of the new Aerial would no doubt add to this tension. The design conditions of the Aerial GPS were handed off to the production team; but sales and finance were running into problems with pricing due to increased production and design costs. Emma tasked Allen Roth, the Director of design & development, and Tony Barren, Director of production, with reducing the costs so that sales could meet their price point. They were successful in only reducing costs by 8%, but this was not acceptable to...
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...people experience is unique to the individual. To be effective in the business of helping others, the professional needs to have the knowledge to access the right tools for the right situation. In this paper, team A will introduce some of the most often used tools and the real world situation they may need to be used in. These therapies include: cognitive behavioral therapy, individual psychotherapy, person-centered therapy, and medication with and without therapy. This paper is a culmination of research done by each member of the team, expressing one article or real world topic. First, the team would like to define each therapy represented. According to the web site www.medterms.com, cognitive behavior (CBT) is a short-term psychotherapy based on the concept that the way one thinks about things affects how we feel about things emotionally. The focus is on present thinking, behavior, and communication, rather than the past and teaches problem-solving skills. One way to do this is with a technique called grounding. Stating the basic facts surrounding the individual without attaching any emotion to the surrounding can help “ground” a person into focusing on the here and now. Person-centered therapy is, (also known as client-centered or Rogerian therapy), according to www.minddisorders.com, focuses on the client taking responsibility for their own therapy. The therapist is non-directive. The Mayo Clinic’s Web site identifies individual psychotherapy as being a general...
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...Describe tools and/or techniques used in decision making. 3.2 Examine decision-making models and influences. 3.3 Apply a decision-making technique to a situation. Readings Read Ch. 14 of Critical Thinking: Tools for Taking Charge of Your Learning and Your Life. Read Ch. 1–3 of Smart Things to Know About Decision Making. Read Ch. 4, 12–26 of Decide & Conquer: Make Winning Decisions and Take Control of Your Life. Read this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. Participate in class discussion. Respond to weekly discussion questions. W3 8 2% Participation Discussion Questions Nongraded Activities and Preparation Decisions in Paradise Business Scenario For Weeks Three through Five, you will work individually using the Decisions in Paradise Business Scenario located on your student website as the basis for these three assignments. In this scenario, you will play the role of Nik, and your current employer is the organization represented by Alex, Nik, and Chris. You will also use the mission of your current organization to assist you in decision making in discussing this business scenario. There are three phases to this assignment which will be cumulative, meaning that each part will build upon the next. You will use this paper and feedback from your instructor as input to improve your Week Four and Week Five assignments. The three deliverables for this project are: Week Three: Decisions in Paradise Paper, Part I Week Four: Decisions in Paradise Paper, Part II Week Five: Decisions...
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...DEA Tutorial Abstract Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a linear programming based technique for measuring the relative performance of organisational units where the presence of multiple inputs and outputs makes comparisons difficult. This tutorial paper introduces the technique and uses an example to show how relative efficiencies can be determined and targets for inefficient units set. The paper also considers a number of practical issues of concern in applying the technique. Introduction There is an increasing concern with measuring and comparing the efficiency of organisational units such as local authority departments, schools, hospitals, shops, bank branches and similar instances where there is a relatively homogeneous set of units. The usual measure of efficiency, i.e.: [pic] is often inadequate due to the existence of multiple inputs and outputs related to different resources, activities and environmental factors. This problem can be illustrated for depots of a large retailing organisation which distributes goods to supermarkets. In this case the inputs for an efficiency measure are taken to be the value of the stock and the recurrent costs mainly in the form of wages, as those are resources supporting the operation of the depots. Stock is reasonably an input to an efficiency measure as an efficient depot will attempt to give a good service at lower stock levels, saving on capital and space. The outputs correspond to activities of the depots and are measured by...
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