...Essay Industrial Revolution Elena Orlovskaya Industrial Revolution The economic history of the United States of America starts with the occurrence of industrialization, which, basically, meant switching from home production to plants and factories. The industrial revolution took place at the beginning of the XIXth century in most of the developed countries all over the world. Still it is considered more American phenomenon. This revolution changed the States so critically that I consider it to be the main factor that lead to the modern place of this country in the international environment. In my essay I will discuss some positive and negative aspects of the influence of industrialization on the United States. In my opinion the most constructive and crucial effect of the industrial revolution in America is change in people’s behavior. I believe labor is the only factor that is significant for development of any country. And the industrialization time in the States forced people to invent and implement everything they could imagine and construct in order to simplify the production process. There were very few scientists and specialists at that time in this country. So, every American had no other way to survive and earn money at that time and had to create, construct machines, build factories or work on factories. This changed the people’s psychology a lot. Till now, Americans consider new inventions, new machines and processes to be the only way for development of their...
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...publisherCode=lamer. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1995 to build trusted digital archives for scholarship. We work with the scholarly community to preserve their work and the materials they rely upon, and to build a common research platform that promotes the discovery and use of these resources. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. The Latin American Studies Association is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Latin American Research Review. http://www.jstor.org AND INDUSTRIALIMPORT SUBSTITUTION IZATION IN LATIN AMERICA: AND INTERPRETATIONS* EXPERIENCES WernerBaer,VanderbiltUniversity THROUGHOUT MOST OF THE FIFTIES AND SIXTIES MANY LATIN AMERICAN GOVERN- Industrialization ments adoptedImportSubstitution (ISI) as their...
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...Thesis statement Following the civil war, the US economy grew unprecedentedly mainly due to technology expansion and immigration (Brezina, 2005). On one hand, positive implications were notable such as growth of the industry and transport expansion propelled the United States into being the most technologically advanced superpower. On another hand, an outburst of health concerns ensued due to population explosion. This essay will outline these three major implications of industrialization in America between 1865 and 1920 in attempt to explain their effect on political, economic and social systems. Outline Growth of the US industry was reflected in various aspects such as raised living standards of Americans, introduction of new, cheaper and easily accessible consumer products and a shift from agriculture to industrialization. Growth of the industry was facilitated by a distinctive convergence of geographical, economic and social factors that made it possible for the nation to exploit its economies of scale (Olson, 2001). A notable outgrowth of industrialization after the civil war was the growth of the steel and iron industries that saw the US economy expand drastically. As a result, Americans were provided with employment opportunities thus living standards improved. Transportation also boomed with regions made easier to access by availability of improved roads, railway networks. According to Smith (2007), steam engines provided inexpensive movement of people and commodities...
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...similar for both Unit 1 and Unit 2. Paper 01 in each unit consisted of nine short-answer questions, three on each Module. The questions were intended to assess the range of content covered by the syllabus, and questions were set on each theme. Candidates were expected to answer all nine questions. This paper was worth 30 per cent of the candidates’ overall grade. Paper 02, on the other hand, emphasized depth of coverage. Three questions were set on each Module, one of which required candidates to analyse extracts from a set of documents related to one of the themes in the Module. The other two questions were extended essays. Both the document analysis and the essay questions required well-developed and clearly reasoned responses. Candidates were required to choose three questions, one from each Module. They were required to respond to one document analysis and two essay questions. This paper contributed 50 per cent to the candidates’ overall grade. Paper 03, was the internal assessment component. Candidates were required to complete a research paper on a topic of their choice from within the syllabus. This paper contributed 20 per cent to the candidates’ overall grade. Unit 1: The Caribbean in the Atlantic World Paper 1- Short Responses that Test Coverage Module 1 This Module focused on Indigenous Societies and their encounter with the Iberians. Question 1 This question required candidates to describe two economic features of either the Kalinago, Taino or Tupi, and to outline two...
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...2015 A-Level paper. Received high level 4 How successful were the economic policies of the USSR from 1953-82? The economic policies of the USSR from 1953-82 were quite unsuccessful. The agricultural policies were unsuccessful, but the industrial policies were successful. This essay will measure success by the impact on the economy, for example whether the industrial change met or succeeded their targets. In 1953, Stalin died and Khrushchev succeeded him as leader of the Soviet Union. Between then and his fall from power, he had to legitimise his leadership, as well as introduce his policy of de-Stalinisation. In addition, Khrushchev wanted to reform failing policies, while still keeping to his successful policies. Brezhnev then succeeded Khrushchev as leader of the Soviet Union and then died in 1982. He wanted to move away from Khrushchev and consolidate his position as leader of the Soviet Union. To measure the success of these policies, this essay will focus on Khrushchev's Seven-Year plan, sovnarkozy and the Virgin Lands Scheme. In addition, this essay will also study Brezhnev's reforms of agriculture, his ninth Five-Year Plan and the Kosygin reforms. It can be argued that the economic policies of the USSR from 1953-82 were not successful under Khrushchev because of the failure of the Virgin Lands Scheme and the agricultural policies under Brezhnev. Under the Virgin Lands Scheme, 6 million hectares of new land was farmed, mostly by the Komsomol, expecting an output...
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...November 03 2015 Prompt: Compare and contrast the effect of the American industrial revolution on the north and the south. The Industrial Revolution was the significant revolution that changes the way people lives and worked. The revolution, which involved many changes in manufacturing, transportation, and communication, began in England in the middle 1700s and spread both to the United States and to continental Europe. The Industrial Revolution occurred in America in the end of 18th century and the first half 19th century. This Revolution effected both the South and North America. Indeed, the innovation and the modern machines turned the north into a manufacturing region and allow America to manufacture goods by itself. In contrast, the South still be loyal with agricultural society and received a majority goods from the North. My followed essay is going to clarify the different effects of the American Industrial Revolution on the North and the South. In the North, the Industrial Revolution began in the textile industry. The textile industry, which increased the gross output of textiles from 2.6 million USD in 1778 to 68.6 million USD in 1860, are quickly extended. Britain had forbidden the engineers, mechanics, and tool-makers to leave the country because they did not want to spread their secrets of industrialization. Nevertheless, in 1789, a young British mill worker, Samuel Slater, came to America, brought new manufacturing technologies from Britain and built the first...
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...ANNOTATED SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR HISTORICAL INTERPRETATIONS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN BRITAIN Gerard M Koot History Department University of Massachusetts Dartmouth Allen, Robert C., The British Industrial Revolution in a Global Perspective, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009. Pp. viii, 331. Allen’s book is an excellent example of the persuasiveness of the new economic history. It is solidly rooted in statistical data and uses sophisticated methods of economic analysis but its analysis is presented in plain English. He argues that the first industrial revolution occurred in northwestern Europe because its high wages during the early modern period encouraged technological innovation. Although high wages were initially a consequence of the demographic disaster of the Black Death, they were reinforced during the early modern period by the economic success of the region around the North Sea, first, in European trade and manufacturing, especially in wresting the textile industry from the Italians, and then in world trade. According to Allen, the first industrial revolution took place in Britain instead of the Low Countries primarily because of Britain’s abundant and cheap coal resources, combined with the central government’s ability to use mercantilist policies and naval power to reap the greatest benefits from an expanding European and world trade. Once it had taken the lead from the Dutch, and defeated the French, Britain used its comparative advantage...
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...the World Rainforest Movement (1998), 25% of medicines come from the forests. Moreover, over the past 8000 years, about 5000 square miles of forest has been cut down annually (Rochen, 2008; Seitz, 2008). There are three main causes which lead to the deforestation: logging, overpopulation and road construction. This essay will examine each cause and evaluate the effects. It will begin with discussing the causes of deforestation. Next, it will examine the serious effects. Industrial logging is one of the most significant causes of deforestation. According to Phelps (2005), industrial logging is the clearance of trees for commercial purposes. In West Africa, over the past 40 years, about 2800-3500km² forests have been logged every year (Middleton, 2008). The peasants in Africa play an important role but it is modern industry that cut down so many trees. For example, as Heller (2001) found, every year more than 800 square miles of trees disappear due to the demand of paper from McDonald’s for packaging. Another huge amount of wood is consumed as British Columbia manufactures 7,500,000 pairs of chopsticks per day (Rochen, 2008). According to the FAO, however, industrial logging is not necessarily a cause of deforestation because new trees can grow after the clearance of the old. Seitz (2008) disagrees with the claim via pointing out that logging often leads...
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...Industrialization after the Civil War was a period where Industrial city were being built, there were jobs for people and the political aspect was having corruption. In this paper the main points in this paper discussed the major aspects of the Industrialization Revolution, such as groups that were affected by the Industrial society, and the affects the life of the average working American. While the Industrial Revolution was a great turning point in the history of mankind, it led humanity to great technological advancements, middle and lower class, African American rights, woman equal rights, and many others. Three Aspects of the Industrial Revolution Three major aspects of the Industrial Revolution during 1865 to 1920 influenced society, economy, and politics. Society was a major aspect of Industrialization because companies were being built, railways was distributing goods to different states (Arrington, 2013). Also, a lot of people were moving from the South and farm areas to the Northern urban areas. Iron and steel had become more vital to the Industrialization of America, and the United States was becoming more Industrialized and less agricultural (Gilder Lehrman Institute, 2009). The society worked in factories to earn money; they also worked at steel plants, and other jobs. Society played a major aspect in Industrialization. The second aspect is economy; economy plays a big part because the economy had an economic growth from all of the factories being built, the trains...
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...result. The two forces that I chose for examine in this essay are Capitalism and Industrialization. What is capitalism and industrialization? Capitalism is a type of economic and political system where business is controlled by private owners, rather than be regulated by the government, and Industrialization is the transition from an agrarian society to an industrial one, with improvements in technology and industry. Capitalism and Industrialization are two forces that have shown a high amount of synergy throughout history. With the rise...
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...The Gilded Age The purpose of this essay is to show how the Industrial Revolution of the Gilded Age contributed to increased problems in gender, race and class in the latter half of 19th century America. Mark Twain coined the term "The Gilded Age" between the years 1870 and 1900 America in reference to the gold gilding that became popular in the era, but also masked very serious social conflicts that arose across the country (Twain, 1996). Ultimately, with economic growth came wider income gaps and brutal social issues with gender, race and class that divided the country. Throughout the Gilded Age, swift financial growth simultaneously increased the size of the labor force, which in turn increased wages (Roediger, 1991). Given that these wages were higher than in Europe, people immigrated to America en masse, which then increased the overall poverty rates (Roediger, 1991). The Gilded Age also transferred industry from independent craftsman toward railroads, factory manufacturing and mining, which created less skilled and more regimented labor forces. This meant that people were forced to work under poor conditions, which stripped workers of their independence, which was the American way prior to the Industrial Revolution (Twain, 1996). These mass-production methods were created as offshoots of the steam engine with technical advancements expanding the size of workforces, making them larger and set up to accommodate more production, which created new jobs with a higher...
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...Introduction Industrialization increased tremendously during the 18th and 19th century leading to the success growth of United States as far as overall wealth during the rise to power on its wake. This paper focuses on the different aspects of industrialization that occurred and the various groups that were affected during this period of time, and overall what the effect of industrialization did for America. Three Aspects of the Industrial Revolution Referred to commonly as the second Industrial Revolution, three major aspects during this time immensely played apart towards the shaping of our country as we know it and they were our society, the economy and our politics. Society was largely a big part of the industrialization period and underwent the most significant changes. Large amounts of rural to urban migration occurred due employment because of the creation of organizations and companies. The infrastructure and building of railway lines for transportation of raw materials to distinctive states was happening as well during this time. Significant use of iron and steel created several opportunities for industrialization versus agricultural hence making the United States more of an industrialized nation and less agricultural. Our economy at the time played a major role at this time, and was the second aspect of industrialization. During this time rapid growth in society was experienced with the expansion of companies and the improvement of their internal progression. Many...
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...The nineteenth century’s view on work differed greatly for men and women, as it was assumed that they shared separate work spheres. When America experienced an urban growth and an expanding industrial economy in the late nineteenth century, countless job opportunities opened up for men. However, this growth brought minimal growth in opportunities for women. Women immigrants experienced unfair working conditions; their jobs came with low pay, long hours, and very dangerous working conditions. Bonnie Mitelman’s article, “Rose Schneiderman and the Triangle Fire” illustrates such conditions, and in many scenarios, the outcomes were tragic. This essay also depicts that women actively worked to improve the conditions. It proved successful when Rose...
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...brainpower is one of the most fundamental cause not only economic development but also in terms of development in general. Human endures intellect toward productive growth in developed countries which mainly relies on technological innovation. However, as for developing countries, growth and development follows developed countries by forcing the technology mechanism and changing the structure of production towards activities with higher levels of productivity. The evidence show that during 1970s and 1980s there were of structural changes in economic activities where developing countries enters the global markets. In his preface, Giplin (2001; xi) point out that “…important step toward the creation of a truly global economy, since the mid-1980s the world has also witnessed the extraordinary growth of economic regionalism as a countermovement to economic globalization.” Similarly, Magdoff (1992; 50) state that “In fact, capital exports have helped shape the evolving global economy ever since the end of the Second World War”. Moreover, Glyn and Sutcliffe (1992; 79) point out that “…left the world economy leaderless in the 1970s and 1980s with increasingly open economies disciplined by market forces, but without a unique center of gravity.” This implies that global economies forces t To provide a well-structured discussion, this essay will begin by briefly introducing into how neo-liberalism in the mainstream of development thinking greatly achieve its victory of defence mechanism for a new...
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...The Industrial Revolution began in the second half of 18th century and had an everlasting effect on Europe, and the rest of the world. It caused major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transport and technology. Eventually, socioeconomic and cultural conditions began to change in Britain, which then spread throughout Europe, then eventually the world. These changes made Europe and the rest of the world more modern. Proof of this can be seen in more efficient trade & transport and mass production that were a product of Industrial Revolution. This essay will seek to demonstrate the most significant effect these two components had on modernity and how they shaped Europe, and the rest of the world. The time period covered by the Industrial Revolution varies according to Historians, but according to Eric Hobsbawm, it started in Britain in the 1780s and fulfilled its potential in the 1830s or 1840. Some important effects of these two components comprise of, but are not limited to include: technological and chemical innovations, improved trade, transportation and increase in wealth etc. Almost all aspects of daily life were influenced in some way by the Industrial Revolution; hence it marks a major turning point in human history. Industrial Revolution was an achievement of sustained economic growth that began the industrialization of the European economy. Growth did not reach a plateau in Britain as it did in other countries in Europe. Depressions and recessions...
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