In “Infernal Paradise” Kingsolver argues that human culture is destroying the environment, especially in Hawaii. She claims that the story of Hawaii is one of “unceasing invasion,” which is indeed irrefutable. The true question is when did the invasion start? In her essay Kingsolver praises endemic species, but are they not invasive as well? Kingsolver acknowledges that life on Hawaii arrived “through powerful stamina or spectacular accident.”; that birds and the wind brought along with them seeds to the barren island, and time promoted them to the status of “native and endemic.” Kingsolver also admits human arrived in the same way,“through powerful stamina and spectacular accident”, and over time they began to call themselves Hawaiians as