...GLOBALIZATION AND ITS IMPACT ON INFORMAL SECTOR Submitted By: Ameen Gupta- 2009tt10774 Parvej- 2009tt10813 Siddarth Sachdeva- 2009ph10746 INTRODUCTION Globalization comes up with the process of more interconnection between various entities like nations, organizations, individuals, etc. This interaction creates the migration of human resources, technology transfer, capital flow, etc. Thereby, this process of globalization results in the increase in quality, quantity or production and thus makes various organizations profitable. In the race of survival, it enhances the competition level among various players in terms of their brand value set according to the needs of the people. This phenomenon of competition plays a crucial role for these existing service providing players as well as for the end consumer or public at large. For service providing players, it decides the cost benefit analysis and makes it less generally due to the presence of various other players simultaneously. For public, it makes things easily available and at comparatively low prices of varied varieties. The phenomenon of globalization also generates employment. These jobs are largely created in formal sectors. It also results in employment increase in the informal sector. The formal sector is directly visible in a country and is under scrutiny and supervision of the government through various trade and tax laws. This sector provides people the job security, standard working conditions and wage...
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...GOALS Organizations are usually consist of the aim of achieving specific goals. he goal s usually determine the direction that the organizations will take over the long term. This is the definition of goals.Although they are not always very specific goals. These goals can help an organization define and clear goals, then measure and actual performance and take corrective action to provide opportunities.There are 4 types of typical goals.Typical goals may include operational goals consumer goals product goals and secondary goals.Among of these operational goals are the largest goal of a company. These will impact on the way in which we as an organization will operate such as environmentally or managing ethically. In organization operational goals not only include product development goals market competition goals but also include social contribution more goals worker treatment welfare goals staff quality ability development goals etc. The operational goals in the tactical level are to improve the economic benefits continuously. As for an organization operational goals are indispensable. Scotia Airways not only establish the airline in major European tourist destinations but also develop the flights to major business centers in Eastern Europe and the Middle and Far East. This is a large goal which confirmed development direction of Scotia Airways over the next few years. And it will help Scotia Airways to save more time and effort. It also could constantly increase economic benefits...
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...-1- WHAT IS HIDDEN, IN THE HIDDEN ECONOMY OF PAKISTAN? SIZE, CAUSES, ISSUES AND IMPLICATIONS Ahmed Gulzar Novaira Junaid Adnan Haider Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad, Pakistan National Transport Research Centre (NTRC), Ministry of Communications Beaconhouse National University (BNU), Lahore, Pakistan State Bank of Pakistan, Karachi, Pakistan Abstract There is a worldwide contemporary debate about the role of the hidden economy in achieving the goal of sustained and inclusive economic growth and development, especially in the context of its spillover effects on the formal economy. For this purpose, policy makers and academicians have made concerted efforts to estimate the size of the hidden economy and to analyze its causes, issues and implications on key macroeconomic variables. However, there is a consensus among the policy makers that a better macroeconomic policy formulation and its true implementation are subject to the proper management of the associated issues of the hidden economy with suitable policy measures. In Pakistan, it is generally assumed that the hidden economy contributes about 30% to 50% to the overall GDP. The purpose of this paper is to estimate more precisely the size of the hidden economy with the determination of its potential causes and implications. Five statistical and structural modeling approaches namely; simple monetary approach, modified monetary approach using dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS)...
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...1. Introduction In today’s business negotiations, dressing etiquette plays an important role. It embodies not only the personal taste but also the self-cultivation. To some extent, it can even make it all difference in the result of business negotiations. The more attention we draw to the details in modern business negotiations, the greater we will care about our dressing etiquette and maintain our personal image. Through analyzing dressing etiquette in business negotiations, the author tends to embody the advantages in business negotiations. 1.1 Background Having good business dressing etiquette is an indispensable quality of business activities is the basic guarantee for success In today’s business negotiations. 1.2Purpose of the Study During the business negotiation, the first impression is very important, therefore dressing etiquette plays an even more important role than we thought, it’s always worth studying. 1.3 Significance of the Study Dressing etiquette is likely a technique of business negotiation; it helps the process get smooth. 2 .Definitions and Principles You have heard this a million times: “You never get a second chance to make a first impression.” And you will keep hearing it because it is true. People size up each other within a few seconds. Based on external cues, including dress, people assess one another positively or negatively. We make a flash judgment of someone as trustworthy...
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...CHAPTER IINTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of Case Study Selection Compensation is the remuneration received by an employee in return for his/her contribution to the organization. It is an organized practice that involves balancing the work-employee relation by providing monetary and non-monetary benefits to employees.Researcher are interested in doing research on the company becauseresearcher wanted to learn more about control system especially managementcompensation, both theoretical and practical. Lincoln Electric Company one of companies has realize the method of control system especially managementcompensation in their company.In the Lincoln Electric Company, researcher get knowledge of control systemespecially management compensation, particularly its association with corporate profits. However, in its application is often the application of compensation hasexperienced various problems and constraints. So also happened in the LincolnElectric Company.Every company absolutely has a strategy to sustainable them company. The top priority of Lincoln is customer. Company always sensitive with consumer needs.Certainly, the firm’s customer wants to get the best price and the best quality. And, product of Lincoln fulfill it. Lincoln also concerns employee and stockholders needs.Management compensation always was determined by a wage survey of similar jobsin Cleveland area where the company do operational process. Lincoln ElectricCompany is a good example for other company which is concern...
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...products under their own brand names and private labels. Conair brands are quickly becoming household names around the world. Conair is headquartered in East Windsor, New Jersey, with sales and marketing offices in Stamford, Connecticut. The company has large distribution centers in East Windsor, Phoenix, Arizona and a manufacturing facility in Rantoul, Illinois (Conair Corporation 2011). Because of its different distribution centers, locations and corporate offices being so diverse in regards to locations. Analysis of Company’s Organizational Dynamics Within any company, there are two types of organization. Formal Structure and Informal Structure. Both effect the organization and relationships between staffs. The formal Organization refers to the formal relationships of authority and subordinates within a company. While the informal organization refers to the network of personal and social relations that is developed spontaneously between people associated with each other. The primary focus of the Formal organization is the position of the employee, manager holds....
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...organisation -organisation is a person or group of people intentionally organized to accomplish an overall or set of goals. -organisation is primarily driven by set of goals and aims. -an organisation will have controlled performance with standards, its members identifying: goals, measurement and comparisons of actual versus plan, corrective action. -the most basic organisation will have function such as finance, production and sales. -organisations have a purpose whether it is a company producing and selling ice cream, a charity, a tennis club. -organisations are made up at least 2 people. They have purposes, they use resources, to achieve the purposes. They perform activities in a planned and controlled manner. -the common characteristics of organisations are as follow: -each has an identity_ such as name -each has a purpose or objective_ such as written constitution -each relies of people to achieve objectives -each has a form of structure co-ordinating the people in the achievement of their tasks. Types of organisations There are different types of organisations: 1-Sole traders 2-The partnership 3-Companies 4-Franchising The sole trader The sole trader is the most common form of business ownership and is found in a wide range of activities (e.g. window cleaning, plumbing, electrical work, busking). No complicated paperwork is required to set up a sole trader business. Decisions can be made quickly and close contact can be kept with customers and employees...
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...Associate Level Material Appendix D Contingency Theory of Leadership |Description of work environment | | | |My work environment would be open. All the employees would have their own desk but | | |no cubicles. I don’t want anyone be bored in the middle of the day and stop being | | |productive. Professional and business attire will be mandatory with casual Fridays. | | | | | | | | | | In the table below, categorize different leadership approaches that could be used in the work environment you have described. Provide different suggestions for each of the four approaches to leadership. |Directive approach |Supportive approach | |I would like for all managers to take some classes to increase |To ensure that all employees feel appreciated, a quarterly | |their...
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...Pamella Robinson November 12, 2011 Evolution of Formal Organizations Most people require socialization to obtain the sense of fitting in with other people. For this reason social groups are sometimes constructed. This is not always the case however, because some social groups, such as families are established without effort. These social groups consist of at least two or more people who relate to each other and interact together on a personal level, which may last for years and are more intimate than formal groups. People within the social group “share experiences, loyalties, and interests” (Macionis, 2006, p. 110) in an informal or casual way. The group is connected by common beliefs, experiences, and emotions. These types of groups can be distinguished from each other by the level of interpersonal interactions of its members. Some informal groups may develop into formal groups through reorganization or a separation of some members who want to establish a separate organization. This spin off group may see inconsistencies in the goals of the home group. For instance, the original group may not have a leader and when leadership questions arise it may cause a rift among members. This type of inconsistency may cause problems that affect future decisions of the group (Gulati & Puranam, 2009). Formal organizations are large and work together for a common goal. These types of groups include companies, branches of the government, and churches. Corporations are...
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...I am a member of a church that I would consider social. We are all there for members for the same purpose and it runs of a very informal structure. There is the regular preacher, who stays in his position. But with the other members we all take turns as Sunday school teachers, nursery workers, deacons, and treasurer. It offers a very social environment where anyone can voice opinions at any time, or ask for assistance. There is no formal set up of structure to it. The only formal organization that I can think of being a part of would be school. I am a member of the University of Phoenix, AXIA. As a member I have requirements that I must stay current on to maintain my membership. If I default on these I will no longer be a member. There is a structure set up to determine position in every aspect of the organization. One of the main differences between social and formal groups is membership establishment. In the case of social groups membership criteria can be very laid back with little or no qualifying agent. With a formal group membership criteria may be very strict and lay out certain requirements for the applicant to meet. For example, to become a member of a Baptist Church all you must do is prove membership with another church from which you plan to move from, or profess your faith with baptism. To become a member of the local credit union in my city, you must prove that you live within city limits, work in the county, and own a home. Activities for the members of the church...
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...KAZIAN GLOBAL SCHOOL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT MARKS: 80 COURSE: MBA SUBJECT: Business communication Name: Harish Kumaraswamy Reference Number: KT-00512-10224 Note:- 1) Kindly write case study number question number properly 2) Attached question papers with answer sheets ____________________________________________________________________________________ Section A (Marks-15) Barry and Communication Barriers One common complaint employee’s voice about supervisors is inconsistent messages – meaning one supervisor tells them one thing and another tells them something different. Imagine you are the supervisor/manager for each of the employees described below. As you read their case, give consideration to how you might help communicate with the employee to remedy the conflict. Answer the critical thinking questions at the end of the case then compare your answers to the Notes to Supplement Answers section. Barry is a 27-year old who is a foodservice manager at a casual dining restaurant. Barry is responsible for supervising and managing all employees in the back of the house. Employees working in the back of the house range in age from 16 years old to 55 years old. In addition, the employees come from diverse cultural and ethnic backgrounds. For many, English is not their primary language. Barry is ServSafe® certified and tries his best to keep up with food safety issues in the kitchen but he admits it’s not easy. Employees receive “on the job training” about food...
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...Cultural Evaluation: Japan Cultural Evaluation: Japan There is a substantial difference between American and Japanese cultures. Both countries like any other countries in the world have their own rituals, culture, values that they follow with pride. In order to carry out successful business conversation, presentation or interaction of any kind, it is imperative to understand each other’s culture and follow certain guidelines to be successful. Care must be taken to ensure that for the sake of both parties involved, all types of confrontations must be avoided at all costs to safeguard the foundation of a successful and meaningful business relationship. (LeBaron, 2003) Any American or executive wishing to conduct business with any corporation in a foreign country must first try to form an understanding of the cultural aspects of the country. This statement becomes more critical with Japan because of the significant difference in what is considered acceptable behavior in the country compared to America. Japanese culture is based on the concept of honor and it is considered extremely important to give due respect to everyone despite the fact you may or may not agree with their thoughts. It is considered impolite in Japanese culture reject someone’s ideas out right since this would embarrass the person who proposed the idea. Observing all the common protocols serves as a demonstration of sign of respect for Japanese culture and is highly recommended for anyone wanting to do business...
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...Kayla Leslie 2-1. Both teams could collaborate by working together instead of spending so much money working on two different projects. 2-3. Online communication is not face to face communication. You can’t see the other person’s face or their emotion, so you don’t know how they are taking your words or how they are feeding you theirs. 2-7. 1. Train workers on how to use equipment 2. Stay clutter- free 3. Provide document holders 4. Maintain a clear line of vision 5. Shut the drawer 2-15. a. it comes off as if they’re ready to get up or leave. b. it comes off as they are bored and are not paying attention. c. it comes off as if you are tired and don’t want to be there. d. it comes off as if you don’t care and have an attitude. e. it comes off as not being serious. 2-16. Hi Mr. Doe, this is Kayla Leslie. I just found out about the move of my office and i have very important meeting in my office Monday afternoon and I need to finish up some work Monday morning. With that move of my office it would be impossible to have everything done before my meeting. I was wonder if we could postpone the moving of my office. When you get this would you please call me at 555-0867 and discuss this in detail with me thank you. 2-17. Memo: Business Etiquette is an essential element of every aspect business communication. Due to the poor proper business etiquette that you performed at the...
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...RONDELL DATA CORPORATION Background Bob Rondell started the Rondell Data Corporation in 1920. The basis for its inception was Rondell’s invention of several electrical testing devices, while on staff as an engineering faculty member of a large university. In 1947, the company entered into the radio broadcasting equipment market. By the early 1960’s, the company had increased its business to include data transmission equipment. The company had a reputation of being a source of high quality innovative designs and described itself as being able to “convert problems to solutions” in their sales brochures. By 1978, two major lines were recognized: broadcast equipment and data transmission. Broadcast equipment accounted for 35% of the company sales. Data transmission was also blossoming with increased demand for highly specialized and innovative designs. The size of the original payroll in 1920 is unknown, but as of 1947, Rondell Corporation had reached 100 employees. In contrast, by 1978, the time of the current dilemma, the employee count had risen to 800. The organizational structure of the Rondell Corporation is fairly flat with minimal layers for communication flow. Although multiple layers of management did not exist, there was a lack of an integrated information structure within the company. An integrated information structure would have facilitated cross communication necessary to achieve the common goal. Organization as Culture Organizational culture is defined as the...
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...Please refer to the accompanying background notes on this theme to prepare for your classroom discussion. Subsuming the personal to the professional identity The novel presents Stevens as having subsumed his personal identity within his professional identity. Consider the following extracts and determine how they serve to present Steven’ views about identity to us. Read the following extracts from the Prologue. Consider how Stevens views his errors- are the errors he has made in his life only attributable to a faulty staff plan? Note how he brings up Miss Kenton- what rationale does he give for seeking her out- personal or professional? As so often occurs in these situations, I had become blind to the obvious- that is until pondering over the implications of Miss Kenton’s letter finally opened my eyes to the simplest truth: that these small errors of recent months have derived from nothing more sinister than a faulty staff plan. So it was in this instance; that is to say, my receiving the letter from Miss Kenton, containing as it did, along with its long, rather unrevealing passages, an unmistakable nostalgia for Darlington Hall, and- I am quite sure of this- distinct hints of her desire to return here, obliged me to see my staff plan afresh. Only then did it strike me that there was indeed a role that a further staff member could crucially play here; that it was, in fact, this very shortage that had been at the heart of all my recent troubles. Clothing, identity,...
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