...INFORMATIVE SPEECH 1) How To Be Happy Being Single The life that we are bestowed with is truly a miracle. This precise miracle gets overshadowed with the contradictions that we live with. Contradictions like, the young want to be older and the old want to be young again; the dark want to be fair and the fair want to darken; the short want to be tall and the tall ones have their own problems. And just the same way, the single want to mingle and the ones with partners want to break free. Isn't that complicated enough? Well, let's take a moment and say aloud - "I am single. I am single! I AM SINGLE". Yes. It is not to rub salt on your wounds but for you to embrace it than dread it. Acceptance is the key to great decisions. It is, in fact, very empowering. Look at you. You live your life all by yourself because you are capable of being single and independent. If you still hate your relationship status, take another moment to remember all the things you have dealt with alone. I am single. No, I really am single and everyday I push my limits to achieve something better alone because I can't afford to waste my time waiting for someone who may or may not show up just so I could have the cliché happy ending to my fairytale because Disney says so. No, that is not the end to my life or your life for that matter. Life is living it, not waiting for it to be over. And why on Earth would I ever want to cripple myself to the aid of a person who sees me as nothing more than a baby that...
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...A BRIEF CONTENTS PART 1 • GETTING STARTED 1. Becoming a Public Speaker 2. From A to Z: Overview of a Speech 3. Managing Speech Anxiety 4. Ethical Public Speaking 5. Listeners and Speakers 1 2 8 1 4 23 30 PART 2 • DEVELOPMENT 6. Analyzing the Audience 7. Selecting a Topic and Purpose 8. Developing Supporting Material 9. Locating Supporting Material 10. Doing Effective Internet Research 1 Citing Sources in Your Speech 1. 36 37 49 57 64 73 83 PART 3 • ORGANIZATION 1 Organizing the Speech 2. 1 Selecting an Organizational Pattern 3. 1 Outlining the Speech 4. 92 93 103 1 10 PART 4 • STARTING, FINISHING, AND STYLING 15. Developing the Introduction and Conclusion 16. Using Language 1 22 1 23 1 31 PART 5 • DELIVERY 1 Choosing a Method of Delivery 7. 18. Controlling the Voice 19. Using the Body 1 39 1 40 1 44 1 48 PART 6 • PRESENTATION AIDS 20. Types of Presentation Aids 21. Designing Presentation Aids 22. A Brief Guide to Microsoft PowerPoint 154 155 161 164 PART 7 • TYPES OF SPEECHES 23. Informative Speaking 24. Persuasive Speaking 25. Speaking on Special Occasions 1 74 1 75 188 21 7 PART 8 • THE CLASSROOM AND BEYOND 230 26. Typical Classroom Presentation Formats 27. Science and Mathematics Courses 28. Technical Courses 29. Social Science Courses 30. Arts and Humanities Courses 31. Education Courses 32. Nursing and Allied Health Courses 33. Business Courses and Business Presentations 34. Presenting in Teams 35. Communicating in Groups 231 236 240 243 246 248 25 1 253 258...
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...DV University of Phoenix PSY/300 General Psychology Multiple Intelligences According To Gardner Harvard University researcher Howard Gardner introduced the multiple intelligence theory. A request to examine human potential because of his interest in cognitive development defined as“the construction of thought processes, including remembering, problem solving, and decision-making, from childhood through adolescence to adulthood (Wells, 2010).” Gardner found that there were more ways to measure intelligence than those already in use. Thus, his multiple intelligence theory presented other ways to explain that each person learns differently. He believed that every person has multiple intelligences and one particular technique for teaching should not be applied to all learners. He also believed that each person has different strengths and weaknesses and thus he or she demonstrates intelligence in various ways. Gardner defines intelligence as “the capacity to solve problems or to fashion products that are valued in one or more cultural setting (Gardner & Hatch, 1989, p 4.).” Verbal-Linguistic, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, Bodily-Kinesthetic, Visual-Spatial, Logical-Mathematical, Musical, and Naturalist are all different ways in which students can learn. But I will only discuss three of those that have more of an impact on my personal success. Verbal-Linguistic Intelligence The first one that is high on my preference list is the Verbal-Linguistic Intelligence...
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...Chapter III The Social Context of English INTRODUCTION On july of 2005, John Roberts was nominated to be a justice on the supreme Court of the United States. Commenting in this description of Roberts, the noted literary and legal theorist Stanley Fish (2005) argued that Roberts was not really proponent of “strict contructionsm” but of “textualism”, the belief that interpretation involves “sticking to the meanings that are encoded in the texts and not going beyond them.” To illustrate the limitation of this view of interpretation, Fish notes that if a wife asks her husband why don’t we go to the movies tonight ? The answer to that question depends on the history of the marriage, the kind of relationship they have, the kind of person the husband thinks the wife is. The words themselves will not produce a fixed account of their meaning [emphasis added]. What Fish is arguing in this statement is that communication does not exist\ in a vacuum: to engage in a conversation, for instance, we do not simply decode the meanings of the words that people speak but draw upon the larger social context in which the conversation takes place. 1.GRAMMATICAL VS PRAGMATIC MEANING A.GRAMMATICAL The term 'grammar' covers the proper use of words and word-forms as well as thegrammatical structure of phrases, clauses, and sentences. While different wordforms of lexemes are created by the adding of inflectional morphemes, combinations of words into more complex units are the domain of...
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...Evaluating Commercial Spoken Language Translation Software Harold SOMERS and Yuri SUGITA1 Centre for Computational Linguistics UMIST, PO Box 88 Manchester M60 1QD, England Harold.Somers@umist.ac.uk, sugita_yuri@yahoo.co.jp Abstract1 While spoken language translation remains a research goal, a crude form of it is widely available commercially for Japanese–English as a pipeline concatenation of speech-to-text recognition (SR), text-to-text translation (MT) and text-to-speech synthesis (SS). This paper proposes and illustrates an evaluation methodology for this noisy channel which tries to quantify the relative amount of degradation in translation quality due to each of the contributing modules. A small pilot experiment involving word-accuracy rate for the SR, and a fidelity evaluation for the MT and SS modules is proposed in which subjects are asked to paraphrase translated and/or synthesised sentences from a tourist’s phrasebook. Results show (as expected) that MT is the “noisiest” channel, with SS contributing least noise. The concatenation of the three channels is worse than could be predicted from the performance of each as individual tasks. 1. Introduction Evaluation is without doubt a major aspect of language engineering, including Machine Translation (MT). Although it is still true that no consensus exists regarding the best way to evaluate software, there is general agreement about some of the factors that must be taken into account when deciding what form an evaluation...
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...Spatial – Ability to work with minimal information provided(scarce information) 5. Intrapersonal 1 – Able to understand your self, read others moods, emotions. 6. Interpersonal 1 – Ability to relate well with others. 7. Bodily kinesthetic Intelligence- body flexibility – acrobatics. NB: 1. The above types are referred to as multiple Intelligence Theory by Howard Gardener. 2. People have different strength in each intelligence area. This demonstrates different talents, as people are different in personality & mind. Definition of Artificial intelligence NB: No agreed definition of the term A.I. The common proposed definition includes 1. Its study in which computer systems are made that they think like human being. 2. Its study in which computer systems are made to act like people. Its art of creating computers that performs functions that require...
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...attention. One was of a 17 year old, Ms. Victoria Lansen, an aboriginal single mom, who after facing much struggle, completed her Year 12 graduation from Gunbalanya School in West Arnhem Land on January 21,2016. The second was of another aboriginal teenager from Goldfields-Esperance region, Western Australia, who took his own life just two days after, becoming one of the at least five people in the Goldfields-Esperance region who have committed suicide in the past two months leading up to Christmas. The journey of the 17 year old Ms. Lansen, who comes from a remote Aboriginal town, has not been easy but in the interview to (1) ABC News she stated that she could cope owing to the support from family, friends and range of core local services. Her environment was in contrast to that of the troubled youth whose death highlights the sense of hopelessness, radicalized and economic inequality. The deceased youth’s uncle, Trevor Donaldson, is demanding a safe house set up for troubled aboriginal youth in Goldfields, Western Australia. The human rights issue which can be seen in the light of just these two unbiased media reports is how presence or absence of some core local services can change the direction in which the life takes the Aboriginals in this case. (2) Western Australia leads the Aboriginal suicide rates, with 35.8 per 100,000 Aboriginal populations, the major drivers for suicide among Aboriginals being disempowerment, poverty and racism. The Issue The bigger human rights...
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...adverb Chapter 2. Paradigmatics of adverbs 2.1 Semantic classification of adverbs 2.2 Lexico-grammatical subdivision of adverbs Chapter 3. Syntagmatic valency of adverbs and its actualization in speech 3.1 Syntactic valency and combinability patterns of adverbs 3.2 Semantic and syntactic properties of adverbs of degree 3.3 The use of adverbs of degree with gradable and non-gradable adjectives 3.4 Semantic preferences of amplifiers Conclusion Summary List of References Appendix Introduction The diploma paper sets out to explore paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations of adverbs in modern English. The work considers such branches of grammar as morphology and syntax and is concerned with the two levels of word relations. A word as a part of the language system is considered on two levels: 1) the syntagmatic level; 2) the paradigmatic level. On the paradigmatic level it is the relationship with other words in the vocabulary system. On the syntagmatic level the semantic structure of a word is analyzed in its linear relationships with neighbouring words. The differentiation between paradigmatics and syntagmatics is based on recognition of the linguistic planes: 1 – the plane of language; 2 – the plane of speech. Language is a system of means of expression while speech should be understood as the manifestation of the system of language in the process of communication. Language planes are structured...
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...it called a donut or doughnut? Why do I care? Why? Because my beloved hubbuddy, frogdropping, challenged me to write about the history of the doughnut. So here is what I have learned from copious, painstaking research. History of the Doughnut To begin with, there are a number of conflicting statements about the origin of the doughnut; It may be Chinese in origin. But Germany, France, the Netherlands and Latin America also have valid claims. And this was hard to believe: archaeologists have unearthed fossilized bits of what look like – would you believe, doughnuts – underneath prehistoric Native American settlements in the southwestern U.S. Dutch olie-koecken (oily cakes) So no matter where they originated, here is how they came to America. Back in1669, there was a Dutch recipe for “olie-koecken” (oily cakes) which closely resembles today’s doughnut. It seems that Dutch and German cooks fried the left-over sweetened dough from baking bread in oil or pork fat and made small round fry-cakes. The Dutch also made their leftovers fancier by shaping them into decorative knots (aha! dough-knots), and rolling them in sugar after frying. I also learned that since doughnuts tended not to cook through in the middle some cooks would put nuts – walnuts or hazelnuts – in the center (aha! dough-nuts).The Puritans (Pilgrims) discovered these small, round,...
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...THE MANAGEMENT BIBLE TEAM LinG - Live, Informative, Non-cost and Genuine ! TEAM LinG - Live, Informative, Non-cost and Genuine ! THE MANAGEMENT BIBLE BOB NELSON PETER ECONOMY John Wiley & Sons, Inc. TEAM LinG - Live, Informative, Non-cost and Genuine ! Copyright © 2005 by Nelson Motivation, Inc. & Peter Economy, Inc. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or other wise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 6468600, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties...
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...This page intentionally left blank The Study of Language This best-selling textbook provides an engaging and user-friendly introduction to the study of language. Assuming no prior knowledge of the subject, Yule presents information in short, bite-sized sections, introducing the major concepts in language study – from how children learn language to why men and women speak differently, through all the key elements of language. This fourth edition has been revised and updated with twenty new sections, covering new accounts of language origins, the key properties of language, text messaging, kinship terms and more than twenty new word etymologies. To increase student engagement with the text, Yule has also included more than fifty new tasks, including thirty involving data analysis, enabling students to apply what they have learned. The online study guide offers students further resources when working on the tasks, while encouraging lively and proactive learning. This is the most fundamental and easy-to-use introduction to the study of language. George Yule has taught Linguistics at the Universities of Edinburgh, Hawai’i, Louisiana State and Minnesota. He is the author of a number of books, including Discourse Analysis (with Gillian Brown, 1983) and Pragmatics (1996). “A genuinely introductory linguistics text, well suited for undergraduates who have little prior experience thinking descriptively about language. Yule’s crisp and thought-provoking presentation of key issues works...
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...THE UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES ST. AUGUSTINE, TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO, WEST INDIES FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & ENGINEERING STUDENTS’ SOCIETY Technical Report Writing Workshop Facilitated by: Halcyon Lawrence March 03, 2007 Table of Contents Topic 1: The Communication Model ............................................................................. 4 Topic 2: Five Cs of Technical Communication .............................................................. 7 Clarity ............................................................................................................................. 7 Structural Clarity (document level) ............................................................................ 7 Stylistic Clarity ........................................................................................................... 7 Grammatical Clarity.................................................................................................... 7 Contextual Clarity....................................................................................................... 7 Conciseness..................................................................................................................... 8 Document level Conciseness ...................................................................................... 8 Paragraph/sentence level Conciseness........................................................................ 8 Concreteness ......................................
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...Rafael / Mis-education, Translation and the Barkada of Languages 1 MIS-EDUCATION, TRANSLATION AND THE BARKADA OF LANGUAGES: READING RENATO CONSTANTINO WITH NICK JOAQUIN Vicente L. Rafael University of Washington, Seattle vrafael@uw.edu This paper re-visits the classic piece by Renato Constantino, “The Mis-education of the Filipino” (1959/1966), inquiring into the colonial basis of his anti-colonial critique of American English. It explores the affinity between his view of language and those of American colonial officials, especially around the relationship between English and the vernacular languages. Both conceived of that relationship in terms of a war of and on translation. It then turns to an important but overlooked essay by Nick Joaquin published around the same time as Constantino’s, “The Language of the Streets” (1963). By closely considering Joaquin’s views on “Tagalog slang” as the basis for a national language, we can see a different politics of language at work, one based not on translation as war but as play. Whereas Constantino was concerned with language as the medium for revealing the historical truth of nationhood that would lead to democratizing society, Joaquin was more interested in the conversion of history into language as a way of expanding literary democracy. Abstract Vicente L. Rafael is Professor of History at the University of Washington in Seattle. He grew up in Manila and graduated from the Ateneo in 1977. His books include Contracting...
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...Communication is an important facet of life. Communication skills are essential in all spheres of life. Be it an interview or dealing with the project leader or working out a solution with a team or writing a report, getting across the point effectively is what matters. The success of an endeavour hinges on the ability to communicate effectively in today's fast paced life, everyone is asked to do more with less. In such a scenario effective communication holds the key. Effectively communication centers round the usage of words, speed of delivery of words, pitch modulation and body language. Using the right tools to communicate the right messages at the right time can salvage a crises and motivate people to work towards success. Truly said, communication works but for those who work at it. In the existing globalization scenario, most of the Information Technology, I.T Enabled Services, management institutes, public and private sector, multi-national Companies, Union Public Service Commission, and State Public Service Commission are search for a right and suitable fresher for executive posts. Whatever be the recruiting criteria that I.T, ITES, industry giants had in their agenda, once this was clear a first class degree would not serve the purpose, the candidate have to satisfy the skill sets that the companies were looking for. And unanimously, the skills set that they were looking for communication skills. People in organisations usually spends 75 percent of their daily time...
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...examined by linguist in the study of literature in recent years. It is because figurative language has the essence of style and beauty. Figurative language often provides a more effective means of saying what we mean than direct statement. In the specific sense, figurative language may take the form of figures of speech. Figurative language is used in any form of communication, such as in daily conversation, articles in newspaper, advertisements, novels, poems, etc. The effectiveness of figurative language in four main reasons, Perrine (1982) First, figurative language affords readers imaginative pleasure of literary works. Second, it is a way of bringing additional imagery into verse, making the abstract concrete, making literary works more sensuous. The third, figurative is a way of adding emotional intensity to otherwise merely informative statements and conveying attitudes along with information. And the last, it is a way of saying much in brief compass. She divides figurative language into seven types, namely metaphor, simile, personification, metonymy, paradox, overstatement, understatement, irony and illusion. 2 Keraf (1998: 129) divided majas (figures of speech) into two classifications, namely majas retoris (rhetoric) and majas kiasan (analogy). The first classification covers illiteracy, assonances, anastrophe, apophasis, apostrophe, asyndeton, polycyndenton, chiasmus, ellipsis, euphemism, litotes, paradox, hyperbole and oxymoron. Meanwhile the later covers simile...
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