...Intelligence Testing Article Analysis PSY/450, 2014 Intelligence Testing Article Analysis Mapping out the definition of intelligence is not a simple task, it is an ambiguous term that has a variety of definitions. When defining intelligence there appears to be common ground in phrases such as one’s ability to acquire knowledge, ‘he ability to solve problems, or the ability to understand and follow instructions. There are many more phrases and terms that one associates with intelligence, and this may be in part because, the differences of defining intelligence may lie in the fact that questions for evaluating intelligence may not have the same connotation in differing cultures. Shiraev and Levy state that intelligence is the necessary factor that allows an organism to adapt to its surroundings, a way of understanding one’s world (Shiraev, 2010). Along with understanding one’s world, intelligence allows one to make and complete goals, and overcome obstacles that may come into one’s life. This understanding of intelligence sets a good basis for understanding and defining intelligence, however, a do develop a greater understanding it is necessary to study the different theoretical testing of intelligence. This review will also examine the effectiveness of these various theories. Multiple Intelligence Theory In the late 1980’s Howard Gardner introduces a different viewpoint to the traditional theories of intelligence. He did this by including, language, logical-math, spatial...
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...Intelligence Testing Article Analysis PSY 450 May 21, 2012 Joseph Gaines Intelligence Testing Article Analysis In earlier years many of the intelligence test that had been developed were culturally biased. The early intelligence test favored people that were from urban areas and not people from rural areas. The early intelligence test also favored people who were of the middle class status and not those of the lower class status. The earlier intelligence test also favored people who were white rather than people who were black. In this paper the author will review several different articles that are related to intelligence testing. The definition of intelligence may vary among the different cultures (Rogoff, 1990). An example of the differences among cultures and the way they view intelligence is European Americans think of intelligence in technical skills terms whereas people that are from Kenya consider intelligence to be someone who is an active participant in family and social life. Another example of the way culture views intelligence is people from Uganda view someone as being intelligent if they know the right thing to do and then they follow through with the right actions. Another example is the of the variations on how intelligence is viewed from culture to culture is the latmu people that are from Papua New Guinea, they believe people who have the ability to remember 10, 000 to 20,000 clans as intelligent. The people of the Carolina Island people believe that...
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...Intelligence Article Analysis Paper PSY 450 November 4, 2013 Intelligence Article Analysis Paper Intelligence Testing and Theories Intelligence measuring is important for individuals for various reasons. Testing intelligence throughout the years has changed. People change and not the same factors can determine one’s intelligence. The majority of individuals who take intelligence testing are for placement, such as children starting school, college, and employment. Children for example, take testing, and evaluations to see what cognitive development level the child is at and to see if that child meets the basic standard for that age group (Benson, 2003). Intelligence testing determines the level for college students, and adults, such as entering college, and employee candidates for job placement. Today in society there are several testing options for intelligence, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC), Standford-Binet Intelligence Scale, and College Admission Test (SAT), (Benson, 2003). The American Psychological Association uses the intelligent intelligence approach for testing, as other professionals do. The intelligence testing determines effectiveness, and analyzes theories in this paper. Intelligence Testing Theories Intelligence testing is determined through a series of tests and evaluations. The evaluations are administered first to determine what type of testing is acquired. College student entering college must take a SAT test first before entering college...
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...standardized tests designed to assess human intelligence. You may not remember as well but you're still being tested on what you have learned and stored in your mind. Your scores for a few tests are lower than you believe they should be. Why would who you are at school be based on tests? Using the articles by Herrington, Huddle, Kauffman and Benson, I believe that intelligence testing shouldn't be factored in school. School doesn't test what you know, it tests what you remember. Therefore, testing shouldn't be a requirement to school standards. Learning should be all school is for. To start off, Herrington (2011) had made a valid point. "What defines intelligence? Who can say who is or is not a smart person, well equipped, creative, and logical?" If you were to test a fish and a monkey on how to climb a tree, who would seem smarter? Of course the monkey would because the fish couldn't even sustain without water. But what if you tested on who would swim underneath water? It's the same for people. Some are stronger in some areas rather than others in schools and testing. She also...
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...And Mathematical Learning In the article Motivation, Not IQ, Matters Most for Learning New Math Skills, psychologists study math abilities and habits of thirty-five hundred German students from the fifth to tenth grade. Students’ mathematical abilities were evaluated each year using standardized testing. In addition to this students were given an IQ test and surveys that questioned about their attitudes toward math. As the title of this report suggests they found that IQ was not the main determining factor in how well the student’s math abilities grew. Instead IQ was found to be a predictor of initial math skill and studying and motivation where found to be predictors of growth in mathematical abilities. These findings came as a surprise to the researchers who predicted that intelligence measured by IQ would be a strong predictor of mathematical abilities. This article encompasses the main findings of the researchers into a summarization of their findings. This research in this study is credible and believable but the article leaves out some essential information about the findings that could strengthen or weaken the researcher’s argument and allow the reader to develop their own opinion. In this study the independent variable is the student’s IQ and the dependent variable is the student’s mathematical scores/abilities. IQ tests have long been used as a system to measure the intelligence of the testee. Standardized mathematical testing is an accurate method of measuring...
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...Report #2 Intelligent Intelligence Testing By Etienne Benson Monitor staff Having read the above named article, I found three points that are worthy of emphasizing. These are as follows: 1. Intelligence tests unfairly categorize students by race, gender, class and culture. 2. Propagates the idea that people are born with an unchangeable endowment of intellectual potential that determines their success in life. 3. Practitioners want tests that can help them design interventions that will actually improve students’ learning. My Reaction As I read this article, my eyes were focused on the “one size fit all” mentality that exists in most of our Jamaican classrooms. The reality is that many of our students are left behind due to the advent of standardized intelligence testing which focuses on the product instead of the process. I believe standardized intelligence testing has its part to play, but in a holistic sense, it is ineffective and should be removed from the education system. One can reflect on the many students who are said to “fail or underperform” in the Grade Six Achievement Test (GSAT) each year to clearly understand that this form of testing must give way to something that is more holistic and student friendly, which focuses on the many steps the student had to take to reach where he is at. Students learn differently and therefore perform at various levels. If a student who has a learning difficulty sits a standardized intelligence test such as GSAT, he...
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...has been numerous research into the development of intelligence and the role on which genetic and environmental factors (Nature & Nurture) play on the shaping of intelligence. Intelligence has many definitions and meanings, throughout the context of this paper and commonly defined among neuroscientists, intelligence will be understood as one’s overall cognitive capabilities (Toga and Thomson 2005). Many studies show the weight of impact that genetics play on shaping intelligence however this human intelligence is also highly modified by the environment in which the human being resides. This paper will discuss the theories and studies on how intelligence is shaped by factors which include Genetic and Environmental. It will...
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...Intelligence testing article analysis Ada N. Bren PSY450 July 23, 2013 Professor Daryl Farrow Intelligence testing article analysis Human intelligence is the mental value composed of the abilities to learn from experiences throughout one’s life and adapts to new circumstances, comprehends, and accepts intellectual theories, and utilizes that knowledge to manipulate one’s own environment. Societal expectations have emotional influence on a person’s perception of human intelligence. For example, when someone can think quickly, it is connected to fluid intelligence, which is similar to critical thinking, a person has the capacity to form concepts, think abstractly, and utilize knowledge to new circumstances. This paper is will discuss two different theories of intelligence from two different psychologists so that there can be an understanding of the different views in society. Gardner’s theory of intelligence The first Theory comes from Howard Gardner. His theory of multiple intelligences is quite popular and is widely utilized. Gardner, who was inspired by the writings of Jean Piaget has suggested a theory of multiple intelligences. He initially recognized seven elements of intelligence (Gardner, 1983). He discusses that these intelligences are somewhat distinct from each other and that each person has a certain level of each of these seven intelligences. When a student enters University of Phoenix, there is a class that is required and in this class, they issue an assignment...
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...Intelligence Testing Margarita Alvarez, PSY/450 December 3, 2012 Professor Amanda Kettinger Tom was a physicist with remarkable education and expert skills. When you spoke with him about physics and radiation therapy he would impress you with his knowledge. On the other hand, we had to fire Tom shortly before three months from employment due to his lack of ability to get along with the department team members. Tom had no tolerance for others mistakes, did not communicate instructions clearly and was not willing to listen to counseling. His IQ was genius in mathematics but very low in interpersonal and social intelligence. In this paper we will review two theories of intelligence. The first one is Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence Theory and the second one is Robert Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence. We will also consider with the reader aspects of intelligence testing with a broader perspective. Howard Gardner believes that there are at least eight basic intelligences. They are: “linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, naturalistic, social-understanding, and selv-understanding” (Berger, 2005, p. 528). Even though everyone may have a minimal level of intelligence on each one we tend to be more skilled in some. Depending on the experiences, upbringing, cultural environment, family, and community the person develops more in one type of intelligence than others. “Asians may emphasize interpersonal intelligence”...
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...Psychological Testing Paper Brandy N. Dean University of Phoenix Introduction: Testing in the World of Psychology Within the boundaries of modern psychology the term test has many different meanings to all the different disciplines. Across the many subspecialties, testing methods vary due to the circumstances or said patient’s mental health records. To truly explore the depth and meaning of psychological testing there is a veritable plethora of items in need of exploring. The following study will focus on the definition of testing with context pertaining specifically to the science of studying the inner workings of the human mind. Defining Test: Psychological Focus At its root the definition of the word test has a simple explanation. As defined by Merriam-Webster, within the context required, a test is a series of questions or exercises for measuring the skill, knowledge, intelligence, capacities, or aptitudes of an individual or group (Merriam-Webster, 2014). Within the bounds of psychology though, the definition becomes exponentially more complex. Psychology uses a plethora of different tests designed to elicit a variety of results. Defining testing in the aforementioned field is a bit more difficult than the traditional meaning of the word. Psychological tests are used to diagnose some of the most elusive disorders in the medical field. To make understanding these psychological tests easier, they have been broken down into separate categories for the sake of simplification...
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...Almagor, Lelac. "The Good in Standardized Testing." Boston Review 39.5 (2014): 6-9. OmniFile Full Text Select (H.W. Wilson). Web. 24 Sept. 2014. The title of this article is “The Good in Standardized Testing”, but this article is not simply praising standardized testing. The author chose to narrow in on the effectiveness of standardized test as it relates to reading comprehension. Almagor claims that standardized test are good for letting schools and families know where their children stand compared to other children nationally. He also addresses the negative aspects of standardized test in saying “good reading” can’t be measured properly through multiple choice questions. It is clear that the author does recognize that standardized test can...
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...There are many strengths and weaknesses of Intellectual Quiz (IQ) tests. IQ tests help to determine if a person has the aptitude to learn. According to Gall, Borg, and Borg (1996), “intelligence tests provide an estimate of an individual’s general intellectual level by sampling performance on a variety of intellectual tasks. These tests often include items on such tasks as vocabulary choice, mathematical problem-solving, reading comprehension, and short-term memory of digits.” IQ tests can affect whether an individual is accepted into college or even hired for a new job, so it is crucial that the IQ test is done properly. In addition, IQ tests are used to show a person’s weak areas in learning and help them to improve those weaknesses. In this paper there will be discussion about the diversity of IQ test within different socioeconomic groups, as well as the weakness associated with the tests. There are also some weaknesses to IQ testing which include being able to properly design a test to accurately determine intelligence across a broad range of society. Since IQ testing is used on a variety people from different backgrounds, there is no guarantee that it will be 100% accurate. A big weakness in IQ testing is the many different tests which are available that can result in a huge disparity in testing scores. In order to achieve optimum results recipients must be well fed, rested, and focused. Culture plays a major role in the success or failure of an IQ test. In other words, if...
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...Employers consider SAT scores, emotional intelligence and at one time even IQ, or intelligence quotients, for job candidate deliberation. As of now, SAT scores are being used in mostly in consulting and finance, with job growth in consulting up to about 19% (U.S. Department of Labor, 2014) and job growth about 17.8% in finance (“Finance Salary and Job Lookout”, n.d.). The projected jobs provided by finance and consulting is estimated to be 2,061,000 by 2020 (“Industry Profile”, 2015). If consulting and finance firms, such as Goldman Sachs Group Inc., Bain & Company,...
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...Cultural Perceptions of Intelligence Marilyn Raleigh Dr. Castleberry March 20, 2015 The two cultures I selected to compare how each receives intelligence are the United States and Ghana. The American culture is more of an individualistic culture. There are many different cultures within the American culture. American culture holds values of religion, family, and morality; however these beliefs aren’t collective where each individual in America may hold a different view of these specific values (Verdem, 2013). The advancement in an individualistic society is placed on the individual goals and desires as opposed to what might be best for one’s society .Individuals in a collectivist .culture such as Ghana focus on the well -being and what will benefit the greater need of society. America Individualistic Culture There are many different cultures within the American culture. American culture holds values of religion, family, and morality; however these beliefs aren’t collective where each individual in America may hold a different view of these specific values (Verdem, 2013). .Americans has been exposed to many types of intelligent tests. Basic skills are given yearly to determine how much children are learning through the school system or if home schooled. College students must take SAT and ACT tests and obtain a certain percentage score for admission. Technology has impacted America; through computers, cell phone...
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...As the United States has strived to be continually recognized as the best country in the world, they have fallen victim to the global pandemic known as standardized testing. Individuals, both young and old, are put under what is seemingly constant stress to make sure that they obtain passing scores. Oftentimes, these scores can be directly associated with one’s candidacy for crucial milestones such as career certification, college acceptance, educational placement, and, even in some cases, financial aid for post-secondary institutions. No matter where one turns in their lives, they are met with tests that supposedly “effectively” measure one’s competence in any given subject. In fact, in the United States alone, the PARCC tests are issued to...
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