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Intelligence

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Organization
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The IC consists of 17 members (also called elements), most of which are offices or bureaus within federal executive departments.[7] The IC is led by the Director of National Intelligence. * Independent agencies * The Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) * Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) * United States Department of Energy * Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence (OICI) * United States Department of Homeland Security * Office of Intelligence and Analysis (I&A) * Coast Guard Intelligence (CGI) * United States Department of State * Bureau of Intelligence and Research (INR) * United States Department of the Treasury * Office of Terrorism and Financial Intelligence (TFI) * United States Department of Defense * Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) * National Security Agency (NSA) * National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) * National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) * Air Force Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Agency (AFISRA), National Air and Space Intelligence Center (NASIC) * United States Army Intelligence and Security Command (INSCOM), National Ground Intelligence Center (NGIC) * Marine Corps Intelligence Activity (MCIA) * Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI) * United States Department of Justice * Federal Bureau of Investigation, National Security Branch (FBI/NSB) * Drug Enforcement Administration, Office of National Security Intelligence (DEA/ONSI)

Programs
The IC performs under two separate programs: * The National Intelligence Program (NIP), formerly known as the National Foreign Intelligence Program as defined by the National Security Act of 1947 (as amended), "refers to all programs, projects, and activities of the intelligence community, as well as any other programs of the intelligence community designated jointly by the Director of National Intelligence (DNI) and the head of a United States department or agency or by the President. Such term does not include programs, projects, or activities of the military departments to acquire intelligence solely for the planning and conduct of tactical military operations by United States Armed Forces". Under the law, the DNI is responsible for directing and overseeing the NIP, though the ability to do so is limited (see the Organization structure and leadership section). * The Military Intelligence Program (MIP) refers to the programs, projects, or activities of the military departments to acquire intelligence solely for the planning and conduct of tactical military operations by United States Armed Forces. The MIP is directed and controlled by the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence. In 2005 the Department of Defense combined the Joint Military Intelligence Programand the Tactical Intelligence and Related Activities program to form the MIP.
Since the definitions of the NIP and MIP overlap when they address military intelligence, assignment of Department of Defense intelligence activities to the NIP and MIP sometimes proves problematic.

Organizational structure and leadership
The overall organization of the IC is primarily governed by the National Security Act of 1947 (as amended) and Executive Order 12333. The statutory organizational relationships were substantially revised with the 2004 Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act (IRTPA) amendments to the 1947 National Security Act.
Though the IC characterizes itself as a federation of its member elements, its overall structure is better characterized as a confederation due to its lack of a well-defined, unified leadership and governance structure. Prior to 2004, the Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) was the head of the IC, in addition to being the director of the CIA. A major criticism of this arrangement was that the DCI had little or no actual authority over the budgetary authorities of the other IC agencies and therefore had limited influence over their operations.
Following the passage of IRTPA in 2004, the head of the IC is the Director of National Intelligence (DNI). The DNI exerts leadership of the IC primarily through statutory authorities under which he or she: * controls the "National Intelligence Program" budget; * establishes objectives, priorities, and guidance for the IC; and * manages and directs the tasking of, collection, analysis, production, and dissemination of national intelligence by elements of the IC.
However, the DNI has no authority to direct and control any element of the IC except his own staff — the Office of the DNI — neither does the DNI have the authority to hire or fire personnel in the IC except those on his own staff. The member elements in the executive branch are directed and controlled by their respective department heads, all cabinet-level officials reporting to the President. By law, only the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency reports to the DNI.
In the light of major intelligence failures in recent years that called into the question how well Intelligence Community ensures U.S. national security, particularly those identified by the 9/11 Commission (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States), and the "WMD Commission" (Commission on the Intelligence Capabilities of the United States Regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction), the authorities and powers of the DNI and the overall organizational structure of the IC have become subject of intense debate in the United States.

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