...GÖRME YETERSİZLİĞİ OLAN BİREYLER Görme Yetersizliği Olan Birey: Görme gücünün kısmen ya da tamamen kaybından dolayı özel eğitim ve destek eğitim hizmetine ihtiyacı olan birey olarak tanımlanır. Görme Engelliliğin Yasal Tanımı; görmenin ve görme alanının ölçümüne bağlıdır. Yasal tanım, tıp alanında çalışanlar ve diğer ilgililer tarafından kullanılmaktadır. Bu tanıma göre; “tüm düzeltmelerle birlikte, gören gözün olağan görme gücünün onda birine yani 20/200' lük görme keskinliğine ya da daha azına sahip olan ya da görme açısı 20 dereceyi aşmayan bireylere kör denilmektedir. 20/200'ün anlamı; görme yetersizliğinden etkilenen bireyin 60 cm.' den görebildiğini, normal görme gücüne sahip olan bireyin 6 m.' den görebilmesidir. Görme açısının dar olmasının anlamı ise, normal görme keskinliği olmasına rağmen, görmenin sadece merkezdekilerle, 20 dereceyle sınırlı olma, 20 derecenin dışında kalan nesneleri görememedir. Yasal-Tıbbi- Tanımlama Sistemine Göre Az Gören Tanımı İse; görme keskinliği 20/70 ile 20/200 arasında olan bireylerdir. Anlamı ise, normal gören bireyin 6 m.' den gördüğünü, az gören birey 2 m. İle 60 cm. arasındaki mesafeden görebilmektedir. Görme Engelliliğin Eğitsel Tanımı İse; görme yetersizliğinden çok ağır derecede etkilenen, mutlaka kabartma alfabeye (braille) ya da konuşan kitapların kullanılmasına ihtiyaç duyan bireyler “kör”; büyütücü araçlar yardımıyla ya da büyük puntolu yazılı materyali okuyabilen bireyler “az gören” dir. Eğitsel tanımın...
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...Abstract Intercultural communications is often marked by the impact of cultural differences on communication, commonly resulting in miscommunication or misunderstanding. This paper examines the challenges influencing intercultural communications between the Japanese and the Americans. In its conclusion, it emphasizes on the sensitivity to the mentioned cultural differences in order to create harmony and understanding amongst people with different ethnic backgrounds. Intercultural Communications between the United States and Japan Introduction According to Dima (1990), intercultural communication refers to the exchange of ideas between people belonging to different cultures, in spite of them using the same language. Intercultural communication plays an important role, in that cultural differences can often lead to miscommunication and misunderstanding. This is increasingly becoming important in today’s multicultural society such as in the US (Inoue, 2007). What are the common challenges of intercultural communications between America and Japan? How do cultural differences play part in shaping the Japan-American intercultural communication? As defined by Peace (2002), culture is a "system of beliefs, values, and assumptions about life that guides behavior and is shared by a group of people; and these are transmitted from generation to generation, rarely with explicit instructions," (p.14). There are a variety of cultures that...
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...Intercultural Communication, stereotyping, perception, and verbal communication play a huge role in the characteristics of the movie “Crash.” When Paul Haggis directed this film he did a fantastic job of showing how individuals from different cultures, and countries, sometimes interact with each other in society. It goes into great depth to link the problems and situations in the characters’ lives in the setting of the movie making sure they are involved with each other in some way. Intercultural Communication is defined as “an act that involves interaction between people whose cultural perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event.” The text explains that the importance of Intercultural Communications have grown in the United States over the years. In the U.S it is made up of many people and demographic shifts. The increasing number of Asians, Latinos, and Eastern Europeans immigrate here to make their homes. When this takes place these individuals bring their cultural values, and styles of communicating. (Wood, pg. 79) When “Crash” starts the first scene is a car accident that takes place at an active crime scene where an Asian woman hits Detective Graham and Ria from behind at a stop light. Language barriers are almost immediately known as they begin to argue over who was at fault. While they both speak English the Asian lady simply uses what she feels is direct communication in stating that “She break to fast” and “Mexicans don’t...
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...Interview Paper Throughout the course, you will be exploring various aspects of culture and intercultural communications. Your final assignment in this course will be to conduct an extensive oral history interview with a person who is somewhat older than you and from a culture or subgroup that you are not a member of. This person can be a relative or acquaintance who is from a different generation. It can be someone who immigrated to this country either recently or some time ago. Or, it can be someone who belongs to a different subgroup from you and whose cultural experiences you believe would be very different from your own. Obtain permission from the person you are interviewing to record the conversation (either an audio or a video and audio recording) or to take handwritten notes during the interview. Your overarching goals during the oral history interview are as follows: 1. To learn more about the culture and subcultures to which your interview subject belongs. 2. To determine what issues they encountered in terms of intercultural communications. 3. To relate concepts you have studied in this course to the experiences of this person. After you have conducted the interview, review your recording or your notes and write a six- to eight-page paper (excluding a title page and a reference page), in which you discuss aspects of this person's culture and/or subcultures and communication issues related to his or her cultural identity. In the paper, you must also include the following: ...
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...Introduction – 100 words DEFINITION OF CULTURE IMPORTANCE/ABOUT A CULTURAL SELF-ASSESSMENT This report offers an outline of my cultural identity, particularly on the topics of my profile; key structural forces such as my family; my world views; and the various persona, rational, communal, gender and ethnic identities that combine to make me who I am. Furthermore, this report highlights relevant literature pertinent intercultural communications and in support of my cultural identity, and critically summarises the main findings. To begin, I am a 26-year-old female, nvestigate and describe your own cultural identity. Describe your profile - Age group Gender Class Ethnic background Deep Structures (family context) – 500 words In this section you need to discuss how your cultural identity has been shaped by key structural forces such as your own family. For most people, family is one of the strongest forces of cultural identify. Try to identify how specific family members have influenced your identity. In doing so you need to discuss how your family functions in terms of: Gender roles Individualism and collectivism Age groupings Social skills, traditions and customs Rather than just describing your family, you need to discuss your ideas about the role of family in society and how families function in terms of perpetuating beliefs. In this respect, some of the most interesting discussion will come from instances where people might disagree with their family’s...
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...Nathaniel N. Gonzales GE - 2241 Tips For Effective Global Communication Global communication is a major concern of every International business. The success of every International business depends on the effectiveness of the Communication. It is a well known fact that International businesses need communication with people of different cultures. Apart from the language differences, they need to focus on social attributes, attitudes and thought patterns of different cultures. All these communication terminologies are collectively known as intercultural communication. This Intercultural communication is the base for any International business and hence it has to be made effective. Just keep reading on the article to see the 3 most wanted tips for effective Intercultural communication. 1. Intercultural Communication - Not all about Language Many people have a misconception about Intercultural communication that, it is all about managing a different language. The true fact is that language is just a part of Intercultural communication. Intercultural communication is about understanding different cultures, languages and customs in a particular country. For example, if you are an American, traveling to India, you should be able to cope up with the Indian culture along with understanding the language in India. You should also make an approach to learn their culture which will induce a positive relationship with the host. Learning the culture of a Country is not that...
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... Flaherty, Newell D. Wright, Robert M. McMillen (2009) Student Intercultural Proficiency From Study Abroad Programs, Journal of Marketing Education Statement of the Problem The problem, which is related to study abroad programs (SAPs), is clearly stated in the article’s introduction. The problem stated is “that a deficiency exists, within marketing education, of empirical evidence on the explicit impact of SAPs on student attitudes and behavior. In particular, empirical evidence is absent which specifies the characteristics of intercultural growth that are an outcome of SAP” (Clarke, Flaherty, Newell, McMillen, 2009, p. 174). Purpose Statement The purpose is directly stated in the article as follows, “this study… attempts to extend the marketing education literature by empirically investigating the specific intercultural proficiencies that may advance while students study abroad” (Clarke III, et. al. 2009 p. 174). The purpose then specifically addresses the benefits for marketing educators from “expanded knowledge on the possible outcomes of a SAP” (p. 174). Background & Importance/Significance (literature review) In this study, the literature review serves three purposes. First, it defines the specific intercultural proficiencies that are likely to advance from the study abroad experience: intercultural proficiency, global mindedness, intercultural communication, openness to diversity, and intercultural sensitivity (Clarke III, et. al. 2009). Second, the review discusses...
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...accepted alongside the means of interaction throughout the course of communication. American culture versus German culture by distinction, underlines mutually the private and the commerce facets. They are more outgoing persons opposed to the Germans in addition to their main objective, when they talk, is to be admired as well as publicly accepted. Germans are usually more straightforward in opposition to Americans, particularly when details are to be revealed, denigration is to be put into effect in addition to directives are to be specified. The literary standard in which Germans and Americans diverge broadly has to do with approaches toward indecision along with peril. Despite the language barriers, compensation, cultural differences, and accents, human resources from Mercedes Benz headquarters in Stuttgart, Germany most keep in those there luxury cars are a huge commodity in America. How does communication play a role in each culture? During this era of globalization, the global village in addition to the web, the characteristic of intercultural communication develops into significance. Citizens have the option to voyage across countries; undergraduates are extremely suggested to exceed a placement in an overseas nation furthermore superior businesses will endure with no introduction to their goods in overseas marketplace or integration through overseas corporations in order to launch an international business. Consequently, the familiarity of one foreign language is absolutely...
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...Recognition: The diversity in workplace has the significant effect to running a good business. It helps the team develop a better solutions and critical analysis for different issues, so a company must run in a way that promotes diversity. Adopting the attitude of “not seeing color,” the company might run the risk of treating people insensitively barriers exist. So that we can tell how important the recognition is. A company that recognizes people have difference, physical, generational or culture and not pretend that these barriers have been broken down. Instead celebrate the differences among their employees, and encourage them to let their individualities show. Such as not hesitating to ask someone from another culture about their culture's etiquette practices - their knowledge could prove useful to the company’s business.. An employee's worth comes from more than his ethnicity or age etc,. Diversity Training is a good idea according to David Ingram, “Diversity Training Include diversity training as part of new-hire training programs or advanced training programs for managers.” Also “Diversity education programs can help employees to recognize prejudices and cultural assumptions in their own minds, while teaching them skills to respectfully seek to understand other cultures they come in contact with. Diversity training can also teach employees effective intercultural communication skills, as well, helping them to speak clearly with and fully understand co-workers who...
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... SOCIAL SCIENCES, AND DESIGN January-April 2011 Subject name: Mass Communication Research Subject code: SM 312 Lecturers: Kenneth Teo Student ID: 1000922384 Topic : Benefits of learning intercultural communication to university student. Chapter 1 Introduction Background of the Study Anthropologist Edward T. Hall is the founder of intercultural communication during the 1951-1955 when he was at the Foreign Service Institute of the U.S. Department of States. The scholarly field of intercultural communication was then mainly advanced by university-based scholars of communication in the United States and Japan, and in other countries. The development of intercultural communication in the U.S. and Japan is analyzed here. Intercultural communication is one of the most important communications and also a structure of global communication as the world today is characterized by an ever growing number of contacts resulting in communication between people with different linguistic and cultural backgrounds. This communication takes place because of contacts within the areas of business, military cooperation, science, education, mass media, entertainment, tourism but also because of immigration brought about by labour scarcity or political conflicts. Hence, there is communication which needs to be as constructive as possible, without misunderstandings and breakdowns...
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...1 INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION: ITS IMPORTANCE TO VARIOUS CAREER FIELDS AND PERSPECTIVE BY VARIOUS AUTHORS Priscilla N. Gitimu Doctoral Student Southern Illinois University Carbondale Department of Workforce Education and Development 311G Quigley Hall Southern Illinois University at Carbondale Carbondale, IL 62901-4605 618-453-1982 ukic@siu.edu 2 ABSTRACT Intercultural communication refers to messages transmitted between members of two or more different societies Globalization has made intercultural communication inevitable. Communicating with other cultures characterizes today’s business, classroom, and community. Technology especially the internet has increased the probability that whatever is documented online will be read by someone from another culture. Intercultural communication is of importance in any career field thus the art of knowing how to communicate with other cultures should be a work place skill that is emphasized. This is a conceptual paper whose purpose is two fold. First the paper gives a synopsis of the importance of efficient and competent intercultural communication in various career fields; namely, education, business, medicine and in counseling. Secondly, the paper presents studies and perspectives that various authors have on intercultural communication. INTRODUCTION Globalization has made intercultural communication inevitable. Communicating with other cultures characterizes today’s business, classroom, and community. Hence...
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...Business Communication Name: Course: Tutor: Institution: Date of Submission: Letter of transmittal May 28, 2015 Ned Stark, Manager International Corporation Practice Group ABCD Corporation Dear Mr. Ned Stark: As agreed, Enclosed is the report you commissioned on March 12, 2015 on the intercultural communication. The report analyses the fundamentals of cross-cultural communication with regards to the Italian culture. The report outlines the most imperative aspects of safe communication within a cross-cultural environment involving Italians where the employees intend to settle. The report further elaborates the challenges of intercultural communication, particularly about the Italian communication demands. Then, the report outlines the benefits of the findings that are helpful to the employees of XYZ in communicating with the Italians as well as people from other cultures. We thank you for the granting us the opportunity to compile this report since it has given us a chance to familiarize with practical issues oscillating around cross-cultural communication. I hope that you will find it satisfactory. Yours Sincerely, Business Communication Students XYZ. Table of Contents Executive summary 4 Introduction 5 Discussion 6 Summary and Conclusions 7 Recommendation 8 Executive summary The report first provides a brief introduction of what intercultural communication comprises. It lays a profound background...
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...Derek Speegle February 20, 2015 Intercultural Communication: Speaking Understanding Intercultural communication is very important in today’s workplace. Mastering the complexities of different cultures and socioeconomical statuses will enhance any business venture. To understand one’s buyers is a strategical way to sell more and learn about clients and competitors. There are many ways that different cultures use both verbal and non-verbal interaction. These forms of interacting may seem like someone is saying something one way but through the lenses of a different culture or social group, they may be trying to express something else entirely. Because of this, it is important to strategize on how to use intercultural communication in today’s workplace and even in one’s personal life. Intercultural communication is the process of learning the dialectal of cultural differences and social groups. It is learning to understand that different cultures may talk or act differently and that whether it is for business, personal or just common courtesy it is important to use these tools to help connect with those other people. As it states on the website Wikipedia, different cultures and countries “communicate and perceive the world around them” in different ways and that it is important to “depict differences in communication patterns across different cultures.” For instance, bowing in japan is a sign of respect and honor, and to refuse that honor or not return it could be perceived...
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...| |Intercultural Communication | Copyright © 2010, 2009, 2004 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description The purpose of this course is to assist students in understanding and applying the principles of effective intercultural communication in a diverse society and in global commerce. Students will develop an understanding of why and how cultural issues influence effective communication. This course introduces techniques for improving written, oral, and interpersonal communication skills in response to intercultural settings. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Lustig, M. W. & Koester, J. (2010). Intercultural competence: Interpersonal communication across cultures...
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...Team-Building and Communications Guiseppina Saieva HA499-01 March 12, 2014 Professor: Teresa Foster Team-Building and Communications Introduction Every organization is made up of people, therefore communication that is effective is the key to success. Effective communication is the link that helps get the work done and helps people work as a team. The constant changes that occur in a workplace, make communication important. I will explain some things about effective business communication require effective practice. There are five factors relate to effective business communication closely. They are communication theory, business writing styles, team building and interpersonal communication, negotiation and persuasion techniques, and intercultural communication. Generally, communication theories can teach people many skills to accomplish a successful business communication. Also, the ability to generate clear, vigorous and concise written materials are critical for people to be successful in business world. So writing process and writing styles play important roles in effective business communication. The best way for business organization to survive and grow in surroundings of intense competition and pressure on resources is building team for sharing information. Because organizations are consisted of interdependent relationships, interpersonal communication has useful functions to manage organizations. Negotiating and persuasion skills...
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