...Explain how learning theories influence perception of interpersonal relationships. The belief that environmental forces determine how new behave is best seen in the work of B. F. Skinner. He argued that nearly all behavior is directly governed by environmental contingencies of reinforcement. In his view, to explain behavior we need only analyze the functional relations between observable action and observable consequences (Hjelle & Ziegler, 1992). Skinner believed that psychology must not explain behavior on the basis of physiological or constitutional components of the organism but rather on the basis of environmental stimuli (Feist & Feist, 2010). Skinner also assumed that all behavior is lawfully determined, predictable, and able to e brought under environmental control (Hjelle & Ziegler, 1992). Bandura believed that psychological functioning is best understood in terms of a continuous reciprocal interplay among behavioral, cognitive, and environmental influences. In terms of behavior, personal factors, and social forces all operate as interlocking determinants of one another-that behavior is influenced by the environment but that people also play an active role in creating the social milieu and other circumstances that arise in their daily transactions. The most distinctive feature of Bandrsa’s social cognitive theory is the belief that most human behavior is learned through observation or by example. Social cognitive theory proposes hat modeling influences generate learning...
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...5 WORKING IN THE NEW ECONOMY 6 Globalization 6 Intellectual Capital 6 Knowledge worker 7 Diversity 7 Technology 7 Workforce diversity 8 Discrimination 8 Ethics 8 Prejudice 8 The Glass ceiling effect 9 Corporate governance 9 Career (core worker, contract worker, part-time worker) 10 ORGANZATIONS IN THE NEW WORKPLACE 11 Critical survival skills for the new workplace 11 Organization 12 ORGANZATIONS AS SYSTEMS 12 Open systems 12 ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE 12 Productivity 12 Performance effectiveness 13 Performance efficiency 13 CHANGING NATURE OF ORGANIZATIONS 13 7 changes 14 Total quality management (TQM) 14 MANAGERS IN THE NEW WORKPLACE 15 Definition of manager 15 LEVELS OF MANAGERS 15 Top manager 16 Middle manager 16 Project manager 16 Team leader or supervisor 16 Nine responsibilities of team leader 17 TYPES OF MANAGERS 17 Administrator 17 Functional manager 17 General manager 17 Line manager 17 Staff manager 17 MANAGERIAL PERFORMANCE 17 Quality of work life 17 Accountability 18 CHANGING NATURE OF MANAGERIAL WORK 18 Upside-down pyramid 19 THE MANAGEMENT PROCESS 19 FUNCTUONS OF MANAGEMENT (Planning, Leading, Controlling, Organizing) 19 Management 20 Leading 20 Organizing 20 Planning 21 Controlling 21 MANAGERIAL ACTIVITIVES AND ROLES 21 Mintzberg’s 10 managerial roles ( Inter-Info-Decisional) 22. Realities of managerial work 22 MANAGERIAL AGENDAS AND NETWORKING 22 ...
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...AMERICAN PULIC UNIVERSITY OSAMA BIN LADEN: FALL OF LEADERSHIP POST 9/11 MIND OF A TERRORIST BY TERI DANIELLE MOUNT SAN DIEGO, CA FEBRUARY 2014 OSAMA BIN LADEN: FALL OF LEADERSHIP POST 9/11 Under Osama bin Laden's leadership, al Qaeda has become the most dangerous terrorist organizaiton in the world, responsible for more than 10,000 deaths (Terrorism [2011], 1). As the leader of this organization, he was strategic, intelligent and knew how to attack his enemy both economically and culturally. He was a mastermind and was able to communicate and exert influence upon his followers, affiliates and to the entire world as we know it. He was also the mastermind behind the tragic act that took the lives of thousands in the United States terrorist attack known as 9/11. However, since the attacks that occurred on September 11, 2001, bin Laden's ability to communicate and influence others has changed drastically. As al-Qaeda's leader, bin Laden meticouslly planned 9/11 and wanted it to be the attack that caused the United States to “bleed-until-bankrupt” by creating a wars between Americans and the Muslim world (Gartenstein-Ross 2013, 1). As a leader, his strongest form of communication lied in his ability to take down his enemies from behind the scenes. After the attacks on 9/11, he repeatedly made it known that he was not responsible for the attacks. However, did the...
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...Associate Level Material Appendix C: Administrative Matrix Instructions: Complete the Administrative Matrix located below. You are expected to identify and explain the functions and roles of management. This information is based on the four functions of management. By providing an example, you demonstrate an understanding of each management function. | | | | |Function |Role of Management |Example | |Leading |This includes interpersonal roles, subordinates within the |A manager has the responsibility to lead by example within the | | |organization, and persons external to the organization. Three |organization. It is important to model the behavior subordinates| | |interpersonal roles include figurehead, leader, and liaison |are expected to fulfill | |management |The manger is responsible in determing what will be the |A manager in...
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...The economy of country depends upon employment provid by big and small businesses and produce the goods and provide the serveses. Upon with what we rely on in our daily lives. Businesses pay taxes to the goverment and allows the government to function on the taxes collected from them. Hence business is the pivotal part of the economy. Non profit company do not have to pay taxes. Most non profit company has volunteers. Goodwill is a non-profit company they pay give jobs to people that is on wailfar or is unemployeed. Goodwill sell there stuff relly cheap. The proucect is donated to Goodwill. They are no-profit company. Red cross is a non-profit company. They have volunteers. They give blood to hospitales. That are in need of blood.They also help with desasters all around the world. Like huracane Katrina. They went down to the golf to give releffe with water and food and shalters and other thing that they needed. Red cross with there help the economy down in the golf wouldn't recoverd. Red Cross gave the people in the golf confedent to have a better economy. And to get on there feet. Red Cross given blood to hospitales there would be a lot of people that would die. there is lot of people that use the blood that is given to the Red Cross. The growing importance of monetary policy and the diminishing role played by fiscal policy in economic stabilization efforts may reflect both political and economic realities. The experience of the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s suggests that...
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...Memorandum Date: January 26, 2015 To: Management From: Michael S De La Fuente Subject: Web Conferencing Programs The purpose behind this memorandum is to instruct management concerning the different web conferencing available to our organization. Web conferencing is a social tool we can use to have long time social affairs with our counterparts. The organization will have the ability to bring our offsite get-togethers thru web conferencing. The program that we chose will save extra time and money while bringing offsite and the organzation together as one. There are five web conferencing programs that were researched, Cisco Webex, Fuze Meeting, Gotomeeting, Infinite Conferencing, and Intercall. As shown underneath in (Table 1) most essential characteristics are discussed. During the research it was found that, FuzeMeeting and CiscoWebEx would not be able to support our needs. FuzeMeeting doesn’t have the capabilities to support VOIP, video or webcam capabilities. CiscoWebEx was not capable of recording the meetings. While Gotomeeting and Infinite Conferencing have max number of individuals that can be on during web conferencing. The one program that meets all of the organizations needs is Intercall. Intercall has the availability to support 124 participants, VOIP, video or webcam capabilities, and recorded meetings. We can also develop with this venture and secure a splendid web conferencing mechanical assembly for future usage. Table 1: Features Researched for Web...
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...choice of products and qualities, (6) Trade raises income, (7) Trade stimulates economic growth, (8) The basic principles make life more efficient (9) Government are shielded from lobbying (10) The system encourages gooog government. (1) The system helps promote peace According to WTO, Peace is the most fundamental of trading system. It helps trade to flow smoothly, easier for countries dealing with disputes over trade issues, and an outcome of the international confidence and cooperation that the system creates and reinforces. (2) Disputes are handled constructively In the trading system, the more trade means more opportunties for disputes to arise. These international trade system is reduced because countries can turn to organzations, in particular the WTO, to settle their trade disputes. For example, around 300 disputes have been brought to WTO since it was set up in 1995. In many cases, countries in dispute always aim to comfort with the agreements. (3) Rules make easier for all Smaller countries enjoying more bargaining power and life is simpler for bigger countries.The WTO cannot claim to make all countries equal. But it does reduce some inequalities, giving smaller countries more voice, and at the same time freeing the major powers from the complexity of having to negotiate trade agreements with each of their numerous trading partners. (4) Free trade cuts the costs of...
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...Mismanagement, Violnce between releigions and like that. So in this way whosoever desires to enter in the indian market must realize both the faces of this country. They should realize the serious challenges of doing business here like segmenting the market properly, Understanding country's social and cultural issues, getting through government beaurocracy and understading economic and political situation. There have been bunch of examples of companies who have tried to enter in Indian markets without taking care of these issues and have failed badly. Now before understanding Indian Marketing Environment, it is important to understand what is Marketing Environment. Marekting Environment consist of factors and forces outside or inside the organzation that affect its business in the market. The marketing environment is divided into tow different environments. 1) Micro Environment: It consist of factors lose to the company that have a direct impact on the organization strategy. This includes company's suppliers, distributors, customers and competitors. 2) Macro Environment: It consists of larger societal forces. An\d these are beyond the control of the organization. These shape the characteristics of the opportunities and threats facing a company. For example, Economic, Cultural, Political, Demographic and Technological. a. Demographic Scene • Close to one billion population • Growth rate over 2% per...
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...Running Head: Leadership Skills Analysis Leadership Skills Analysis Competency 325.1 Running Head: Leadership Skills Analysis As I reviewed all the different leadership styles within our e-text I came to the conclusion that my individual leadership agenda is most congruent with the participative style. " Sharing decision making with group members and working with them side by side has become the generally accepted leadership approach in the modern organization" (DuBrin, 2009, p. 113). As a leader, I strive to make an effort to extract thoughts and opinions from my team members when making major decisions that impact the team as a whole with my chosen leadership style. Participative, also referred to as consensus, leadership allows managers to evaluate and integrate the whole picture within their role allowing for a more unified approach to decision-making. Thorough assessment of my team members’ leadership styles, I have chosen to compare the styles of Delegation and Problem-Solving. (… effective leaders who are good at problem solving,[->0] skilled at managing the balance between openness and decisiveness)”. (Beck &Yeager, 2001). Problem Solvers hope to maintain a balance between sincerity and conclusiveness. The Delegator utilizes a different leadership approach. “What leaders often...
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...Properly Managing Assets and Resources (Student Name) Your State University When managing assets or resources you need to focus on the entire organization. The substantial assets and human resources found in an organzation and how they can be better employed will be my focus. Companies have struggled for years running the business as usual and cannot get where they want to be due to a number of factors. They may have inadiquate budgets to perform the required activities under their current adminitration. Some have a surplus of inventories and excess works in progress that is treated as a resource instead of a liability. Most employees are over worked because of excess work that has no value added to production. Workers cost far too much and take too long to complete required work. Companies utilize huge inventory spaces due to work that adds no value and the inability to complete work in the scheduled time. If the problems are investigated and there are processes put in place to prevent the previous procedures from returning. The saying,"old dogs can’t be taught new tricks" is vastly fading away. Companies need to achieve important continuous advancements and achievements by eliminating any wasted resources and time. Why is it that after decades of doing business "it’s the way we’ve always done business" is a rule under review and propositions of change will not be swept under the rug? Companies waste thier physical assets and human resources. Dr. William E. Deming...
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...Ch.1: Why is shared information so important in a learning organization as compared to an efficient performance organization? Discuss how an organization’s approach to information-sharing might be related to other elements of organization design, such as structure, tasks, strategy, and culture. Shared information is so important in a learning organization as compared to an efficient performance organization because in a learning organization it promotes communication and collaboration so that everyone is fully engaged in identifying and solving problems, enabling the organization to continuously experiment, improve and increase its capability (Daft, 2010, p.31). A learning organization follows a horizontal structure which disbands the vertical structure by flattening the distance between managers a the top of the organization and putting emphasis on self-directed teams which include members from several functional areas creating less boundaries (Daft, 2010, p.31). In a learning organization, employees play a role in the team or department and roles may be continually redefined or adjusted. There are few rules and knowledge and control of tasks are located within the group. Information within a learning organization serves a distinct and separate purpose. Information is widespread and ensures that all employees are aware of the information. They maintain open lines of communication with everyone, including customers. The culture within a learning organization encourages...
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...Productive behaviors and Counterproductive Behaviors Paper Jeannette Gardea Psy 1428 05-11-11 Mari Klang Productive Behaviors and Counterproductive Behaviors Paper In an organization, you will encounter two different kinds of behaviors. There will be productive behavior or counterproductive behavior. In order for an organization to be successful, they must attempt to mandate productive behavior within their employees. Productive Behavior can be defined as employee behavior that contributes positively to the goals and objectives of the organization. (Jex & Rex & 2008) When an employee is displaying productive behavior, there job performance usually will reflect that. In order for an employee to be successful, it is extremely important that they adapt to their organization. When an employee feels comfortable and believes in their organization it is more common to find productive behavior. Contributing factors that can lead to productive behaviors in an organization can be incentives, promotions, and recognition within the work place. A content and successful employee in an organization will want their organization to be successful as well. This will lead to employees wanting to come to work on their scheduled hours. Employees will consider the effect their absence will cause the company. An employee simply attending work does not necessarily mean that they are displaying productive behavior. They must also be productive within the time that they are scheduled. Other...
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...Corporate Social Responsibility: Historical Development, Concepts and Practices Historical Development of CSR Carroll (2008, pp. 19-46) relates that despite the provision of schemes prior to the 1950’s to improve workers’ conditons, it is difficult to conclude that the development of social programs by organzations for their workforce was solely as a result of the altruistic nature of the company. The establishment of these social welfare schemes served the dual purpose of reducing social ills which in turn increased efficiency in the workplace. Wren (2005), management hitosrian, cites two cases which depict debates sparked by the question of limted charter powers and the concept of management as a trustee of the stockholders’ property working together to create the 19th century legal basis for corporate philanthropy. In the first case, the company wanted to compensate employees due to job loss. Based on court rulings which would not be aligned with the concepts of CSR, the directors of the company should be more concerned with spending the company’s money solely for the purposes of business and that it should not be used for charity. In the second case however, the court’s decision would be more in line with CSR’s concept of social good where the purchase of land for a school, church and other social institutions would benefit the community in general. These cases highlight the ambiguity that is inherent in CSR’s definition in an attempt to distinguish between social...
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...Chapter 1 Overview of the 21st century workplace - Organizations must adapt to rapidly changing society > like in 2003 there was so wireless but now its changing now most of the business rely on wireless communication - Economy is global and driven by innovation and technology > you need new original ideas (innovative) High performing companies gain extraordinary results from people working for them Interdependent, knowledge based > Depend on each other as a part of organization Study question 1 what are the challenges of working in the new economy > intellcutual capital people are the ultimate foundations of orgzanitional performances intellcutual capital is the collective brain power or shared knowledge of a workforce that can be used to create value A knowledge worker adds to Globalization . National boundaries of world business have largely dissappeared . globalizations is the worldwide interdependence of resource flows,product markets and business competition that characterisitv that characterize the new company Technology . Continuing transformation of the modern workplace throughout > the internet (having social network websites to market product) > worldwide web (exchange of stocks) > computers > information technology .Increasing demand for the knowledge workers with the skills to fully utilize technology Diversity: >workforce diversity reflects differences with respect to gender , age, race, ethnicity, religion,sexual orientation...
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...The Relevance of Sustainability in Marketing Decision Making Introduction Sustainable marketing calls for socially and environmentally responsible actions that meet the present needs of consumers and businesses while preserving and enhancing the ability of future generations to meet their needs (Kotler & Armstrong 2012, p. 582). The aim of sustainable marketing is to satisfy the customer’s the needs and wants while also putting high emphasis on the environment and the social issues and thus creating profits in a socially responible way. Mention triple bottom line While traditional marketing is a process by which companies create value for customers and build strong customer relationships in order to capture value from customers in return. (Kotler & Armstrong 2012, p. 5) This essay has been prepared to identify and understand the role of sustainabilty in marketing decision making and its impacts affecting current and future business operations. 1.1. Research Methods Data was collected based on qualitative research. Books, internet and online journals were used to identify different roles of sustainability in marketing. Sustainibilty of marketing by itself is a vast area for study, hence this paper will only focus and critically analysis some of the key aspects of s.m. The topics explored in this research are I. Role of sustainability in marketing II. 1. Sustainable Marketing practices adressing the triple bottom line. Sustainable marketing...
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