International Institutions - P2, P3, M1, D1
D1- Each of the three institutions have in some way help to uphold the stated human rights. The humanitarian aid programme help to provide the vital and basic human needs during a stage of sever poverty, disaster relief and post or present war. Their main intention is to deploy medical and rescue teams to minimise any potential suffering. UN agencies are fully responsible for all the aiding programmes and personnel exported and the UN office coordinates the humanitarian affairs.
Disaster relief is similar to the humanitarian aid, yet disaster relief is more specialist personnel. Such as; specific teams to supply food, shelter, water and various other resources. The EU, for example donated over $600 million towards disaster relief to the 2004 tsunami in Sri Lanka.
The UN and NATO are heavily involved in peacekeeping operations. Security and peace though- out the world is one of the main goals for the international institutions. The UN currently has 16 peacekeeping missions active. In countries such as Sudan and Cyprus. And NATO is involved in three countries, Afghanistan, Iraq and Kosovo.
Reconstruction provides humanitarian aid to the rebuilding of the country/ region. It’s to give post reconstruction of a country which has been damaged by conflict or natural disasters. The EU, UN and NATO were involved in the reconstruction of Haiti, hurricane Katrina and the Pakistan earthquake in 2005.
The organisations provide support and assistance to asylum seekers and refugees. The UN provides this support though the office of United Nations high commissioner for the refugees. This may include military assistance for the public which have been affected by any conflict or disaster. If they’ve been separated from their home or family. Also to provide shelter and water.

The European Convention of Human Rights
The ECHR was signed in 1950 by various member of the council of Europe. Its aims were to gain further unity and realisation for the human rights and freedoms. It predates the EEC and the EU; all members of the EU are required to sign the treaty. This means that all the EU nations must abide by it. This was enforced because of the sheer horror of the Second World War. Some of the ECHR are; the right to life, the freedom to marry and have a family, a fair trial and to be free from slavery or enforced labour.

How the International Institutions have responded
The UN over the years has widely committed to certain promoting and protecting mechanisms, as the human rights have expanded and evolved. Such as technical cooperation programmes to enforce further support to the security measures. They have also had quiet diplomacy and skilful capacity building, a very important tool of prevention. Also they work to build global partnerships for the human rights. They prevent human rights violations and respond to emergencies efficiently, such as their involvement in Syria. They have also tried to promote higher standards of living, full employment and social and economic progress.
The Lisbon treaty has reinforced the EU’s action on the human rights. Yet they haven’t fully responded to the most important human rights issues including abusive laws and violations. So in my opinion i believe the EU isn’t upholding the human rights to their full potential. Their decision making process is so somewhat contradicting and sceptical, which creates a political barrier in confrontations and meetings.
Afghanistan on September 9th 2001, there was the famous terrorist attacks on the twin towers in the state of New York - USA. Suicide bombers aimed to destroy the famous building with the intention of killing many. Which violated many people’s right to live. Due to these devastating attacks, NATO members declared war on the Taliban (the terrorist responsible for the attacks). This was under article 5 of the Washington Treaty. “attack against one is an attack against all”.

Hurricane Tomas The British royal navy deployed the HMS Manchester to help assist the community of St Lucia. They provided medical and rescue teams to help aid stranded villagers. The military provided food and water supplies, and embedded their base within a local church. They shared their own rations with the people, and provided basic medical treatment and supplies to assist the most wounded. They have helped to maintain various human rights such as the right to life and food/ water. The navy has done their best efforts to support the basic needs people within Haiti require. To restore their overall living standards and uphold the human rights.