...| Commonwealth of Independent States | Global IT Today and In the Future | | Todd, Tate, Djokovic, Santaga, Johnson | 12/18/2011 | | Table of Contents Introduction to the Commonwealth of Independent States # 3-5 CIS Countries in the 21st Century # 5-9 Offshoring Strategies and Potential # 9-12 IT Infrastructure # 13-16 CIS Countries in the Future # 16-21 Appendix # 22 References # 23-25 Introduction to the Commonwealth of Independent States - Andrew Tate The Commonwealth of Independent States is a regional area that includes countries from the eastern part of Europe as well as countries from the Middle East part of the world. These countries include: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. Each of the countries belonging to the Commonwealth of Independent States are former parts of the Soviet Republic, which broke up along with the former Soviet Union, with the official date of the CIS formation being marked as December 8, 1991. The “founding” countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States were the Republic of Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine, with eight other countries (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan) joining the CIS 13 days after the formation(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States). According to 2008 statistics, the total population of the countries that...
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...Value Chain Challenges Toyota has one of the most streamlined global value chains of any organization. Even so, the organization sees challenges when investing in different countries around the globe. Iran and Turkey will be evaluated as Toyota looks to expand into countries where they currently do not operate. The evaluation will include an analysis of the legal and ethical issues, political stability, financial considerations, infrastructure, geography, suppliers, manufacturers, socioeconomic and cultural factors. Legal and Ethical Issues Doing business in Iran is taken personal on every level; from government officials to working employees. Networking is usually done through friends and family. Asking for favors is never an issue as long as they can be repaid. Iran always has been seen as a security concern to the United States and other countries. Iran has been targeted by the Financial Action Task Force for money laundering and ties with Latin American countries. Speculation of Iran’s association with the Venezuelan government has Iran paying them to mine uranium for the Iranian government (Ethics World, 2010). Turkey is out to fix the corruption within its country by establishing harsher legal policies and regulation that allow the country’s businesses to meet EU standards of governance. Turkey’s new outlook on life can be summed up in a quote found on an international blog site, created by Aleksander Shkolnikov. “When governments are corrupt, there is less incentive...
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...It’s been 10 years now since Goldman Sachs’ Jim O’Neill first coined the acronym “BRICs” in his November 2001 research paper, “The World Needs Better Economic BRICs.” O’Neill’s forecast of the importance of these markets was prescient. For example, even after their advances over the past decade, China, India, and Russia are predicted to triple spending power by 2018, and Brazil is not far behind, according to a recent report by Business Monitor International.1 While South Africa, by most accounts, has become a fifth member of the BRICS (signified by the capital “S”), these countries no longer sufficiently represent the rise of emerging markets. Global gross domestic product (GDP), factoring in purchasing power parity, now has reached about a 50/50 split between the developed economies and emerging economies. In fact, for the first time since the dawn of the Industrial Age, the global economic engine is being powered by Southern Hemisphere nations.2 Moreover, in the aftermath of the financial crisis and subsequent Great Recession, the emerging markets as a whole—not the world’s debt-ridden developed markets—have been the most resilient in the face of global distress. As Chief Economist and Leader of PwC’s Emerging Markets practice Harry Broadman puts it, “Going through the financial crisis, the most resilient economies—measured by GDP or trade volumes—have been the emerging markets.” Broadman made this comment at PwC’s annual Global Retail and Consumer Leadership Conference held...
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...between Philippines and Japan. Turkey is bounded by the Aegean Sea on the west, on the northwest by the Sea of Marmara, Greece and Bulgaria and on the north by the Black Sea. Taiwan is available for air and sea transportation. There are five harbors and eighteen airports in Taiwan, two of which are international. At this point we think that the sea transportation is suitable for the transport of bulky goods like hybrid cars although it is the slowest shipping method for exporting goods. In addition, sea transportation is the most preferred transportation method according to air, road transport and railway because of the cheapest way. DIFFERENCES IN CLIMATES AND DISEASE ENVIRONMENTS In Taiwan there is no severe cold in winter and no cruel summer. Annual average temperature of Taiwan is 22 degrees Celsius. Weather conditions can fluctuate little during winter and spring but the weather is relatively stable in winter and autumns. As a disease environment, we can talk about a liver disease which is a common disease in Taiwan. A parasite Cryptocaryon which infect with raw or uncooked fish damages to liver so it is known for liver disease. Other diseases that can be seen in Taiwan are HIV/AIDS and hepatitis. Ultimately cardiovascular diseases which occurs results of air pollution can be seen in Taiwan. Typically, three climatic types can be seen in Turkey, black sea, Mediterranean and continental climate. However, generally climate of the Turkey can be defined as follow; hot and...
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...one of the most well-known newspapers of Turkey. It is actually a short story about Monster.com, one of the largest employment websites in the world but I will be giving some other details about the case. The company (Monster Worldwide, Inc.) decided to start their operations in the emerging markets such as Brazil, Russia, Mexico, Latin America and Turkey. Despite their high hopes, the adventure that started in 2006 by founding their “department of developing countries” had to finish. Probably there are some other complicated reasons too but I believe that, lack of preparation to compete with the local players and underestimating their power in the market were the main reasons in this case. Reasons to Be In These Markets According to the article, in that era, the authorities of Monster.com described their reasons of investment as, the interest of foreigner investor to these markets, country’s young workforce and their increasing usage of internet. These companies will create job opportunities and they will need people to hire, which means a growing demand for job search engines. Turkey Monster.com started their operations in Turkey in 2008. They announced that Turkey will be their cornerstone and made the country the main base for emerging markets. In 2011, they selected Ebru Çapa, a very experienced turkish manager in the sector, as the head of operations in Turkey. However, there are 3 very powerful local players in Turkey in the field. The competition between Kariyer...
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...Institutional Structures Institutional Structure of Turkey At a first glance, Turkey has a diversified economy, excellent infrastructure, and a legal and social structure of a developing nation. Proximity to Europe, integration with European markets, the external anchor of the European Union accession, and a lengthy track record of solid economic management and structural reform are the drivers of Turkey’s long-run prospects (World Bank, 2010). Turkey’s high degree of integration with the world economy, through both trade and financial channels, resulted in the country becoming vulnerable to the impact of the global recession, with the economy contracting by 4.7% in 2009. That being said, the economy has now recovered to pre-crisis levels with growth reaching 7% in 2010, shown to be a larger growth than almost all European counterparts. Despite the economic and political expansion in the last 10 years, Turkey’s battle with corruption, unemployment, income inequalities, and the Kurdish problem have been risk factors for any business that considers investing. According to corruption rankings, Turkey was ranked below South Africa, and tied for a spot with Cuba (Transparency International, 2010). Sociopolitical Structure Turkey is a parliamentary democracy with a free market economy. Since legal reforms instituted in 1926, Turkey's judicial system has been based on the Swiss Civil Code, the Italian Penal Code, and the Neuchâtel (Swiss) Code of Civil Procedure. The 1982 Constitution...
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...Technology:- Vodafone is equipped with the most advance Infrastructural Network round the globe which helps Vodafone deliver the most unsurpassed quality of communication. There are over 200.000 base stations for the wireless signal Transmission and the network traffic is around 700 billion minutes and over 90 pet bytes of data per year, and the peak download speed is around 28.8 Mbps. This is ultimately serving the Vodafone’s customers to best services in the market. Vodafone came up with a new Service in the year 2010 named as “Vodafone 360” which is an excellent service for the customers who are wanting to be connected everywhere and this particular service is perfect for customers who want to access the latest information available on the internet by keeping their contacts in that. Vodafone 360 is connected to the latest updates from the popular social networking sites, such as Face book, Msn and skype, so Vodafone 360 users can stay update from their Friends and latest news. Vodafone was the First operator to Provide DRM- Free Bundles and has the largest Digital music Subscriptions In Europe where are over 500,000 Customers. Global presence and diversification revenue Vodafone has expanded its business in different parts of the world like Europe, Middle East, Africa, Asia...
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...I. GLOBALIZATION: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES A. NEW FORCES DRIVING GLOBALIZATION any people consider globalization nothing new – societies have been interconnected for years. But globalization took different forms in the past and the contemporary conjuncture is new.1 The world has never experienced globalization at this level of intensity before or the speed at which it is transforming and integrating societies. There is no single, all-encompassing definition of globalization, notes Sen.2 Instead, it has become a broad heading for a multitude of global interactions, ranging from the expansion of cultural influences across borders to the enlargement of economic and business relations throughout the world. For the economist, globalization is essentially the emergence of a global market. For the historian, it is an epoch dominated by global capitalism. Sociologists see globalization as the celebration of diversity and the convergence of social preferences in matters of lifestyle and social values. To the political scientist, it represents the gradual erosion of State sovereignty. But disciplinespecific studies explain only a part of the phenomenon. From a multidisciplinary angle, globalization may be treated as a phenomenon, a philosophy and a process which affect human beings as profoundly as any previous event.3 Several factors have been responsible for this phenomenon. This study confines its attention to four growthenhancing facets of globalization that have been among its...
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...enable the development of the Internet-Ecosystem and the barriers that are impeding more than 60% of the global population. Today, Internet is present in all regions of the world. The geographic scope of the internet industry is wide. As per given in the case, the countries are divided in 5 different groups: Group 1- Africa and Asia- Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Pakistan and Tanzania. Group 2- Egypt, India, Indonesia, the Philippines and Thailand. Group 3- China, Sri-Lanka and Vietnam. Group 4- Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, South Africa and Turkey. Group 5- Germany, Italy, Japan, Korea, Russia and the United States. Given that a large number of the world’s population is using the internet (or in other words is ‘online’), on the other hand, more than 60% of the world’s population still remains offline. 2) Market potential – Without a significant change in technology, the growth rate of worldwide internet users slowed from an annual growth rate of 15.1% from 2005 to 2008 to 10.4% from 2009 to 2013. At the current stage, an additional 500-900 million people are forecast to join the internet-family by 2017. However, this still leaves up to 4.2 billion people offline. The market potential is to look after into areas like- Income of the people, the literacy rate, infrastructure, governmental support and investment. The more high the income of people, more they will spend on the internet services. Likewise, there is more demand of internet services where the literacy rate...
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...low-risk way to test new markets and complement existing store footprints. As e-commerce sales skyrocket across the developing world, building an online presence is a low-risk way to test new markets or complement existing store footprints. Gaining maximum advantage from such strategies requires knowing a country's true e-commerce potential and its online market challenges. A.T. Kearney's 2012 E-Commerce Index, the first in a series, examines the top 30 countries in our 2012 Global Retail Development Index™ (GRDI). Using 18 infrastructure, regulatory, and retail-specific variables, the Index ranks the top 10 countries by their e-commerce potential (see figure 1).1 The findings provide a wealth of information for retailers use in developing successful global e-commerce strategies and identifying emerging market investment opportunities (see sidebar: About the Study).2 [pic] E-Commerce: A Ripe Growth Opportunity Global e-commerce is thriving as infrastructure, laws, and consumer preferences evolve. Global e-commerce has grown 13 percent annually over the past five years (see figure 2).3 Retail expansion is increasingly occurring through...
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...their use in much the same way as for household utilities. Just as water is piped to your home and you pay for as much or as little as you use, cloud computing resources are available whenever needed and charges are applied on how much you use them. With cloud services you can connect at home, work or on the go via a laptop, desktop, smartphone or other handheld devices. Widespread cloud computing is made possible by the Internet, and this is the most common way of accessing cloud resources. The basic cloud computing model is shown below. Servers, storage, applications, and services are accessed via a common network. They are shared between organizations, and accessed by users or applications. The users may be members of the organizations working on-premise, remote workers, customers, or members of the general public. Cloud computing has three service models. These are the basic kinds of service that cloud service providers provide. They are Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). [1] Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is a cloud model which allows organizations to outsource computing equipment and resources such as servers, storage, networking as well as services, such as load balancing and content delivery networks. The IaaS provider owns and maintains the equipment while the organization rents out the specific services it needs, usually on a "pay as you go" basis. Platform as a Service (PaaS) is a cloud model designed...
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...1.Brief Background of Turkey Turkey, officially the Republic of Turkey is a contiguous coasttocoast country, located mostly on Anatolia Western Asia, and on East Thrace in Southeastern Europe. Turkey's location at the crossroads of Europe and Asia makes it a country of significant geostrategic importance. Turkey's largely freemarket economy is increasingly driven by its industry and service sectors, although it traditional agriculture sector still accounts for about 25% of employment. Oil began to flow through th BakuTbilisiCeyhan pipeline in May 2006, marking a major milestone that will bring up to 1 million barrels per day from the Caspian to market. Tourism in Turkey has experienced rapid growth in the last twenty years, an makes up an important part of the economy. 2. PESTE Factors 2.1 Political (P) Stability of Government Turkey’s current government (Justice and Development Party), Turkish Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi (AKP), als called AK Party or Turkish AK Parti, political party that came to power in Turkey in the general elections of 2002 Prime minister of the party is Recep Tayyip Erdoğan since 2002. In the most recent election, Turkey's 17th general election was held on 12 June 2011 to elect 550 new members of Grand National Assembly. Justice and Development Party garnered 21,399,082 votes, which was almost half of the total votes and ...
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...Aston Martin plans to do an investment to expand the global market (Tift, 2015), Meanwhile, because Turkey is the fastest rising country for luxury cars, it seems advisable to target Turkey as a potential developing market (Porturkey, 2013). This report will attempt to evaluate the expansion of Aston Martin in Turkey with macro PESTLE analysis, followed by SWOT analysis, a market entry strategy and concluding recommendation for future marketing strategies based on the previous analysis. 2. PESTLE analysis 2.1. Political Turkish politics has become more stable and 50 political parties has compete in freedom, Turkey's political development is moving towards the EU accession process, the rule of law and civil liberties have been actively improved (Abylkassymova et al, 2011: 8; World Bank, 2015). Moreover, Turkey has significantly low trade barrier due to its customs union with the EU, Foreign companies are attracted by low income tax of 20%, which is an important driver of foreign direct investment(FDI) (Abylkassymova et al, 2011: 11). Furthermore, Turkey is a place where relatively easy to begin a business, as reported by the World Bank’s Doing Business Report 2015, which ranks Turkey above Italy and Greece, and also significantly exceeds the fast economic growth in China and Brazil (World Bank, 2014: 4). Nevertheless, Demirbag et al (2007: 275) indicate that Turkey complex bureaucratic processes is a barriers for foreign firms; and the complex reduces the number...
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...Country Analysis Economics Like many Eurasian states, Turkey struggles to find a balance between new capitalistic markets consuming its larger cities and the agricultural sector of its economy that still accounts for 25.5 percent of employment. Its influence in the global market has been slim; however, technology and automobile markets are growing significantly and have helped raise real GDP by over five percent per year. Turkey’s main priority is to maintain the stability of growth in GDP and reduction in inflation (“Turkey”). Since the 1980s, Turkey has struggled to reform its economic policy through the ups and downs of military coupes and competing government parties. Turgut Ozal, finance minister at the time, is responsible for Turkey’s economic reforms. Ozal focused on the reliance of market forces; he devalued the Turkish lira, reduced exchange rates, increased incentives for exports, increased the price of goods produced by public sector companies, and abolished price controls (Rivlin, 212). The policy was successful, driving down inflation and increasing GDP. By the mid-eighties, however, inflation rates skyrocketed due to outside spending that increased national debt, an increase in unemployment rates, and unstable trade agreements (213). Throughout the next decade, the rollercoaster of inflation and increased debt continued to plague Turkey’s economy. A 1989 reform allowed capital movements in and out of the country and high interest rates encouraged investment...
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...INTRODUCTION Company Background GSM-based mobile communication in Turkey began when Turkcell commenced operations in February 1994. Turkcell then signed a 25-year GSM license contract with the Ministry of Transportation on April 27, 1998. Since then, it has continuously increased the variety of its services based on mobile audio and data communication, as well as on its quality levels and as a result, its number of subscribers. Turkcell is a regional leader by being the market leader in five countries out of nine it operates in. Turkcell's shares have been traded on the Istanbul (IMKB) and New York Stock Exchanges (NYSE) since July 11, 2000, and it is the first and only Turkish company ever to be listed on the NYSE. Turkcell, with its wide coverage area and diverse range of services abroad, is able to provide its subscribers with mobile communication services both in Turkey and around the world. Turkcell also ranks among the top operators in terms of GPRS roaming, where it has signed contracts with operators from more than 165 countries. Social Responsibility In addition to its contributions to the national economy, Turkcell has also supported many social projects so far that it believes will add value to the society from education, technology and sports to art and culture art. Within the scope of its efforts and in association with the Foundation for Contemporary Life, Turkcell has been conducting ‘Kardelenler (Snowdrops) projects, which is one of the biggest...
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