Free Essay

Interview Questions in Safeway

In:

Submitted By kanchanpanta
Words 3097
Pages 13
A Laboratory Manual for

Human Anatomy And Physiology
First year Diploma in Pharmacy (PH)

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education, Mumbai

CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT CELL,MSBTE,MUMBAI.
LABORATORY MANUAL DEVELOPMENT FOR DIPLOMA IN PHARMACY Particulars Education Technology Consultant Project Institution Shri. D.M.Makone, Team for design

Mahatma Gandhi Vidyamandir's, Institute of Industrial And Pharmaceutical Technology, Panchavati,Nashik-422 003 November-2005 - May 2006 Principal,Shri.Vilas M.Aurangabadkar I.I.P.T. Panchavati,Nashik - 422 003 Shri. Bhaurao K.BacchavI.I.P.T., Panchavati, Nashik - 422 003 1. Shri. Bhaurao K.Bacchav I.I.P.T.,Panchavati,Nashik 2. Shri. Avinash R. Bhutada Shri.D.F.Lodha, Pharmacy College, Chandwad 3. Shri. Nadeem A. Logade, AIT's Institute of Pharmacy, Malegaon.

Project Period Chief Project Coordinator

Project Coordinator

Subject Experts

©

2006, Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education, 49, Kherwadi, Aliyawar Jung Road, Bandra (East), Mumbai-400 051 Maharashtra State, India. No part of this Laboratory Manual be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from MSBTE Mumbai.

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
Certificate
This is to certify that, Mr./Ms./Mrs. Roll No. of First Year Diploma in pharmacy (Institute) has Completed the term work satisfactorily in Human Anatomy and Physiology PR. ( 0809) for the academic year 200 to 200 as prescribed in the curriculum.

Place : Date :

Enrolment No.: Exam. Seat No.:

( ) Subject Teacher

( Principal

)

Seal of Institution

Human Anatomy and Physiology

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Human Anatomy and Physiology

LEARNING OVERVIEW
Scope of Anatomy & Physiology
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Anatomy : Anatomy is the Science of body structures and relationships among the structures. Physiology : Physiology is the Science of body functions, that is, how the body parts work. To inquire into fascinating complexity of human body. As gateway to careers in health related fields. Mass therapy and Athletics training. As a foundation to advanced scientific studies. To know the structure and function of human body. For understanding pathology of disease and pathological changes. For determining techniques of surgeries. To know parameters of normal health. Factors affecting various physiological processes and its effects. Overall effective maintenance of individual and community health The Principles of Anatomy and Physiology to meet the existing requirements of introductory anatomy and Physiology courses. It also gives values, simplicity, direction and sort of power to the learners. Human Anatomy and Physiology is formidable body of knowledge to present in an introductory course and mastering subject. It also highlights the practical application of anatomical and physiological concepts to students. The dynamic physiological constancy known as Homeostasis is the cardinal theme in principles of Anatomy and Physiology. By studying concepts of Physiology, we know, how the various feedback mechanisms work to maintain physiological processes within a narrow range that is compatible with life. It is needed to understand how individual structures are related to the composition of entire body. Therefore anatomical nomenclature such as regional names, directional terms and planes to sections that enable the learners to precisely describe the relationship of one body structure to another.

13. 14.

15. 16.

17.

18.

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

♦ i

Human Anatomy and Physiology

LINK / BLOCK DIAGRAM SHOWING INTER RELATIONSHIP OF SUBJECT AREAS, CURRICULUM OBJECTIVES AND JOB PROFILE

CORE TECHNOLOGY 1. Pharmaceutics-I 2. Pharmaceutical Chemistry-I 3. Pharmacognosy 4. Biochemistry and Clinical Pathology 5. Human Anatomy and Physiology 6. Health Education and Community Pharmacy

TECHNOLOGY SUBJECT 1. Pharmaceutics-II 2. Pharmaceutical Chemistry-II 3. Pharmacology and Toxicology 4. Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence 5. Drug Stores and Business Management 6. Hospital and Clinical Pharmacy 7. Practical Training

JOB PROFILE 1. Entrepreneur (wholesaler, Distributor, Chemist and Druggist) 2. Industry Skilled personnel (Bulk drug formulations, cosmetics) Medical representative 3. Hospital Pharmacist (dispensing, Manufacturing) Supervisor 4. Community Pharmacist 5. Academic Institution (Laboratory technician) 6. Repackaging of Drugs other than those specified in Schedule C and C1 of Drugs and Cosmetics Act 1940 and Rules 1945.

CURRICULUM OBJECTIVES 1. Develop attitude for personal development. 2. Develop social skills for social development. 3. Develop continued learning skills for life long learning 4. Gain basic knowledge of human body and various illnesses, disorders 5. Counsel for use of various drugs, their formulations and their appropriate use. 6. Develop communication skills. 7. Develop technical skills for industry and hospital activities.

ii ♦

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Human Anatomy and Physiology

GRAPHICAL STRUCTURE OF SUBJECT AREA
Human Anatomy and Physiology for First Year Diploma in Pharmacy

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

♦ iii

Human Anatomy and Physiology

GRAPHICAL STRUCTURE OF SUBJECT AREA
Human Anatomy and Physiology for First year Diploma in Pharmacy

iv ♦

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Human Anatomy and Physiology

DEVELOPMENT OF SKILLS
Following is the broad perspective of acquisition of intellectual and motor skills. Due care is to be taken, that a student systematically studying the subject will acquire the skills enlisted below.

A)

Intellectual skills
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. To understand the concepts (I1) To understand the procedure for performance of experiments. (I2) To interpret results of experiments (I3) To investigate and discriminate the various situations. (I4) To acquire ability to plan and design the experiment. (I5) To co-ordinate the role of each organ in functioning of a system. Sketching and labeling proportionate diagrams and wherever necessary. (M1) Handling and using correctly the instruments, microscopes, models and equipments (M2) Measuring and recording accurately with the help of instruments/equipments (M3) To follow systematic, hygienic and safe procedure of working. (M4) To prepare and stain the sample slide and observe. (M5) To collect sample of blood.(M6)

B)

Motor skills :
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

GRID TABLE
Following table gives grid of the experiments and related intellectual and motor skills. • Teacher shall ensure for development of genetic skills during the practicals. • Students are expected to focus on acquiring specific skills mentioned therein. No. Experiment No. & Title Intellectual skills I1
1 Introduction to H.A.P. Laboratory and Work. Haematology Section 2 To study collection of blood sample by pricking and capillary method. 3 To determine bleeding time of own blood by Duke's method. 4 To determine clotting time by capillary glass method. 5 To determine blood group of own blood by ABO system. 6 To determine the haemoglobin content and oxygen carrying capacity of the blood by Sahli's hellige method. 7 To find out total white blood cell count (Total leukocyte count TLC) in human blood

Motor skills

I2

I3

I4

I5 M 1 M 2 M 3 M 4 M 5 M 6



√ √ √ √ √ √

√ √

√ √

√ √ √ √ √ √

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

√ √ √ √ √ √ √

√ √ √ √ √ √ √

√ √ √ √ √

√ √ √ √ √

√ √ √ √ √

√ √ √ √ √

8 To find out total Red Blood Cell count in the human blood. √ 9 To estimation of differential Leukocyte count (DLC) of own blood . 10 To determine the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) by Wintrobe's method or Westergrain' s method. 11 To study the microscopic structure of human tissues 1. Epithelial tissue 2. Muscular tissue

√ √ √ √

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

♦ v

Human Anatomy and Physiology

No.

Experiment No. & Title

Intellectual skills I1 I2 I3 I4
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Motor skills
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

I 5 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6

3. Nervous tissue 4. Connective tissue 12 To prepare the blood smear and examine the Malarial Parasite Physiological parameters 13 To record the radial pulse rate 14 To record the heart rate using stethoscope. 15 To record oral and arial the body temperature (and comparison of oral, axial temp.) by using clinical thermometer .



√ √

√ √

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

16 To record the blood pressure using sphygmomanometer (dial type, mercury type and digital) √ Study of Systems 17 To study Axial skeletal system of human. 18 To study appendicular skeletal system of human. 19 To study the human central nervous system.(CNS) 20 To study the human respiratory system. 21 To study of human urinary system. 22 To study of human cardiovascular system.(Heart)

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

23 To study structure and function of human digestive system √ 24 To study of human male reproductive system . 25 To study of human female reproductive System. Study of sense organs 26 Skin 27 Eye 28 Ear 29 To study human organs and their T.S. 1 2. 3. 4. 5. T.S. of Stomach T.S. of Liver T. S. of Small intestine T. S. of Pancreas V. S. of Kidney

6. T.S. Testis 7. T.S. Ovary

NOTE : √- Identified Skills

STRATEGY FOR IMPLEMENTATION
It is suggested that 40 to 50 % experiments shall be completed in first term and remaining experiments in the second term.

vi ♦

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Human Anatomy and Physiology

GUIDELINES FOR TEACHERS
Teachers shall discuss the following points with students before start of practicals of the subject 1. 2. 3. Learning Overview : To Develop better understanding of importance of the subject. To know related skills to be developed such as intellectual skills and Motor Skills. Link / Block Diagram : Context of the subject in the form of link diagram showing interrelationship of various subject areas, curriculum objectives and job profile. Graphical structure : In this topics and sub topics are organized in systematic way so that ultimate purpose of learning the subject is achieved. This is arranged in the form of fact, concept, principle, procedure, application / problem. Know your Laboratory work :To understand the layout of laboratory specifications of Equipments/ Instruments / Chemicals, procedures , working in groups, planning time etc. Also to know total amount of work to be done in the laboratory. Teacher shall ensure that required equipments are in working condition before start of experiment, Also keep operating instruction manual and safety manual available. Explain prior concepts to the students before starting of each experiment. Involve students activity at the time of conduct of each experiment. While taking reading / observation each student (from batch of 20 students) shall be given a chance to perform/observe the experiment. List of questions is given at the end of each experiment. Teacher shall instruct the students to attempt all questions given at the end each experiment / exercise. Teacher shall ensure that each student writes the answers to the allotted questions in the laboratory manual after performance is over. If the experimental setup has variations in the specifications of the equipments, the teachers are advised to make the necessary changes, wherever needed. Teacher shall assess the performance of students continuously as per norms prescribed by MSBTE. Teacher should ensure that the respective skills and competencies are developed in the students after the completion of the practical exercise. Teacher is expected to share the skills and competencies are developed in the students. Teacher may provide additional knowledge and skills to the students even though not covered in the manual but are expected from the students by the industries. Teachers shall ensure that industrial visits recommended in the manual are covered. Teacher may suggest the students to refer additional related literature of the technical papers/ reference books/ Seminar Proceedings , etc. During assessment teacher is expected to ask questions to the students to tap their achievements regarding related knowledge and skills so that students can prepare while submitting record of the practicals. Focus should be given on development of enlisted skills rather than theoretical /codified knowledge. Teacher should enlist the skills to be developed in the students that are expected by the industry. Teacher should organized group discussions / brain storming sessions /Seminars to facilitate the exchange of knowledge amongst the students. Teacher should ensure that revised CIAAN -2004 norms are followed simultaneously and progressively. Teacher should give more focus on hands on skills and should actually share the same. Teacher shall also refer to the Circular No. MSBTE/D-50/Pharm Lab Mannual/2006/3183 dated 4 th May 2006 for additional guidelines.

4.

5. 6. 7.

8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

♦ vii

Human Anatomy and Physiology

INSTRUCTIONS FOR STUDENTS
Students shall read the points given below for understanding the theoretical concepts & practical applications. 1. Listen carefully to the lecture given by teacher about importance of subject, curriculum philosophy, graphical structure, skills to be developed, information about equipment, instruments, procedure, method of continuous assessment, tentative plan of work in laboratory and total amount of work to be done in a year. 2. Students shall undergo study visit of the laboratory for types of equipment, instruments, material to be used, before performing experiments. 3. Read the write up of each experiment to be performed, a day in advance. 4. Organize the work in the group and make a record of all observations. 5. Understand the purpose of experiment and its practical implications. 6. Write the answers of the questions allotted by the teacher during practical hours if possible or afterwards, but immediately. 7. Student should not hesitate to ask any difficulty faced during conduct of practical / exercise. 8. The student shall study all the questions given in the laboratory manual and practice to write the answers to these questions. 9. Student shall develop maintenance skills as expected by the industries. 10. Student should develop the habit of pocket discussion / group discussion related to the experiments/ exercises so that exchanges of knowledge /skills could take place. 11. Student shall attempt to develop related hands-on-skills and gain confidence. 12. Student shall focus on development of skills rather than theoretical or codified knowledge. 13. Student shall visit the nearby workshops, workstation, industries, laboratories, technical exhibitions, trade fair etc. even not included in the Lab Manual. In short , students should have exposure to the area of work right in the student hood. 14. Student shall insist for the completion of recommended Laboratory Work, industrial visits, answers to the given questions, etc. 15. Student shall develop the habit of evolving more ideas, innovations, skills etc. than included in the scope of the manual. 16. Student shall refer technical magazines, proceedings of the Seminars, refer websites related to the scope of the subjects and update their knowledge and skills. 17. Student should develop the habit of not to depend totally on teachers but to develop self learning techniques. 18. Student should develop the habit to react with the teacher without hesitation with respect to the academics involved. 19. Student should develop habit to submit the practicals exercise continuously and progressively on the scheduled dates and should get the assessment done. 20. Student should be well prepared while submitting the write up of the exercise. This will develop the continuity of the studies and he will not be over loaded at the end of the term. 21. Read the appropriate part of the text and experiment carefully assure work before you come to the Laboratory. 22. Bring the necessary instruments rough notebook/manual with you. 23. Come in time, preferably a few minute before the schedule. 24. Take down the relevant notes while the lecturer gives the instructions. 25. Never begin to work until you are perfectly clear about what you intend to do. 26. Do not abuse the apparatus instructed to you. It is valuable and you will have to pay heavy fine in case of breakage/damage. 27. While working keep your table neat and clean. Do not take any excessive material. 28. When your work is over detached the apparatus, clean it and keep it is in safe place or locker. 29. Do not be afraid of asking any difficulty for which you can not find logical answer. 30. Learn to rely upon your own observation. 31. Before you leave the laboratory find out what work has been assigned for the next experiment. 32. Enter all your observations directly in a tabular form . 33. Observation, diagrams should preferably be entered in journal.

viii ♦

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Human Anatomy and Physiology

List of Experiments and Record of Progressive Assessment
Sr. No. Name of the Experiments Page No. Date of Performance Date of submi ssion Assessment Max. Marks 10 Sign. of Teacher and Remarks

1 2

Introduction to H.A.P. Laboratory and Work. Haematology Section To study collection of blood sample by pricking and capillary method. To determine bleeding time of own blood by Duke's method. To determine clotting time by capillary glass method. To determine blood group of own blood by ABO system. To determine the haemoglobin content and oxygen carrying capacity of the blood by Sahli's hellige method. To find out total white blood cell count (Total leukocyte count TLC) in human blood To find out total Red Blood Cell count in the human blood. To count obtain differential Leukocyte count of own blood (DLC). To determine the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) by Wintrobe's method or Westergrain' s method. To study the microscopic structure of human tissues 1. Epithelial tissue 2. Muscular tissue 3. Nervous tissue 4. Connective tissue

1 4

3 4 5 6

7 10 14 19

7 8 9 10

24 31 38 47

11

52

12 13 14 15

To examine of Malarial Parasite Physiological parameters To record the radial pulse rate To record the heart rate using stethoscope. To record oral and Arial the body temperature (and comparison of oral, axial temp.) by using clinical thermometer To record the blood pressure using sphygmomanometer (dial type, mercury type and digital) Study of Systems To study Axial skeletal system of human. To study appendicular skeletal system of human.

60 64 68 72

16

76

17 18

81 95

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

♦ ix

Human Anatomy and Physiology

Sr. No.

Name of the Experiments

Page No.

Date of Performance

Date of submi ssion

Assessment Max. Marks 10

Sign. of Teacher and Remarks

19 20 21 22 23 24 25

To study the human central nervous system.(CNS) To study the human respiratory system. To study of human urinary system. To study of human cardiovascular system.(Heart) To study structure and function of human digestive system To study of human male reproductive system . To study of human female reproductive System. Study of sense organs Skin Eye Ear To study human organs and their T.S. 1 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. T.S. of Stomach T.S. of Liver T. S. of Small intestine T. S. of Pancreas V. S. of Kidney T.S. of Testis T.S. of Ovary

109 115 122 130 136 144 149

26 27 28 29

154 159 163 168

Total Marks obtained for the number of experiments considered for First Sessional Third Sessional (………to ……..) = (………to ……..) = Second Sessional (………to ……..) =

Average marks obtained for the experiments out of 10 First Sessional Second Sessional Third Sessional = = = * * *

* To be transferred to proforma of CIAAN-2004 (Proforma I-1) Note : The guidelines for the conduct of Annual Practical Examination are enclosed in the end at page No. 210

x ♦

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Similar Documents

Free Essay

Ben & Jerrys

...S.W.O.T ANALYSIS STRENGTHS Ben & Jerry’s has a long history of with many memorable events that has gained them many followers through out the year. One of the most internationally known day that Ben & Jerry’s promotes every year is “Cone Day.” Free cone day was started to celebrate the anniversary of their fist shop opening and to thank their fans for continuing to purchase Ben & Jerry’s ice cream. Another major contributor to Ben & Jerry’s strong brand image is their diverse flavors and creative names that they offer to the consumer. As you’ll find in the company’s Product Mission Ben & Jerry’s has committed itself to make, distribute, and sell the finest quality products with the use of nothing but natural ingredients. The respect that the company has for society has been the main foundation around which Ben & Jerry’s has built its empire on. They donate a minimum of $1.1 million of pretax profits to philanthropic causes yearly. All this has contributed to the acquiring of 36% of the market share since 2008, falling 8% short of their main competitor Haagen- Dazs and their 44% of the market share. WEAKNESSES Even though Ben & Jerry has a large portion of the market share and contributes to society continually the company does not come with out its flaws. Their most obvious weakness was their management as well as their mission statement (which they have amended). Some poor management decisions include such events as reinvesting in huge amounts...

Words: 1211 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Whole Foods

...Case 2 Whole Foods Market in 2010: Vision, Core Values, and Strategy Introduction Whole Food Markets by 2006 became the world’s largest retail chain of natural and organic foods supermarkets. By 2010 Whole Foods consisted of 290 stores in 38 states, 6 stores in Canada, and 5 in Great Britain. With 90 stores that are 40,000sqaure feet or larger. John Mackey, the CEO believed the rapid growth and market success were due to “remain a uniquely mission-driven company-highly selective about what we sell, dedicated to our core values and stringent standards and committed to sustainable agriculture.” Whole Foods company’s motto- “Whole Foods, Whole People, Whole Planet” the statement alone assumes its core mission is beyond food retail it’s about our world/environment we live in. According to hoover.com, Whole Foods planned to reach $12 billion in sales by 2010 by adding 25-30 new stores a year. Due to competition and “the economy has slowed the company’s sales growth, it increased by only 1% in fiscal 2009 vs. 2008 to about $8 billion.” The stores emphasize perishable products, which account for about two-thirds of sales. Whole Foods Market offers some 2,200 items in four lines of private-label products (such as the premium Whole Foods line). Founded in Austin, Texas, in 1980, Whole Foods Market initiated the supermarket concept in natural and organic foods retailing. Identification of key problems/strategic issues * From 1992-2007 Whole...

Words: 3464 - Pages: 14

Free Essay

Case Study

...2013 Remember the importance of deadlines, both in and out of class. Please do not ask to hand in the assignment past the due date. If you miss this one for some reason, there will be another. Thanks! ------------------------------------------------- Directions (use this as a checklist): * Read Chapter 1 thoroughly * Read both cases. One is about Trader Joe’s and the other is about Chobani Greek Style Yogurt. * Answer each of the four questions with significant thought and further research. Rushing through this the last minute will show loud and clear. * Your paper should be a total of 1,600 words (more is fine) and typewritten double spaced with 1” margins. * Please use no larger than 11 point font (this helps conserve paper). * Please conserve paper and fill each page (similar to the second page) * Please check for spelling and grammar * Please edit thoroughly. Any sloppy and haphazard papers will not earn full credit. * Each answer (if you want to divide 1,600 words by 4 questions, this should be 400 words for each answer, but you can decide how you want to allocate your words). * Remember that you can print (do so 48 hours in advance) in Cloud Hall 111. * Get started this week. I think you’ll find that managing your time is as important as managing any other precious resource. * Have a great time! I hope you find the case interesting. If you have never been into a Trader Joe’s, you may want to stop by one for a...

Words: 2669 - Pages: 11

Premium Essay

Mean World Syndrome

...content of mass media convinces viewers that the world is more dangerous than it actually is, and prompts a desire for more protection than is warranted by any actual threat. (Gerber 2010) An article that presented an interesting take on this issue was Mediators of the association between television viewing and fear of crime: Perceived personal risk and perceived ability to cope by Kathleen Custers and Jan Van den Bulck. This article focuses on the explanatory process of television viewing and the fear of crime. They believe personal risk perception and ability to cope as predictors of fear most likely to be influenced by the vivid images of violence presented on television. They conducted face to face interviews with over 730 respondents all selected randomly and asked question pertaining to how safe they felt. In their findings they discovered that more people are afraid of an unarmed threat (2011). Their study also found that the Amount of...

Words: 1572 - Pages: 7

Premium Essay

Amazon Fresh

...For the exclusive use of O. Camacho, 2015. 9 -6 1 5 -0 1 3 REV: AUGUST 15, 2014 RORY MCDONALD CLAYTON CHRISTENSEN ROBIN YANG TY HOLLINGSWORTH AmazonFresh: Rekindling the Online Grocery Market We believe that a fundamental measure of our success will be the shareholder value we create over the long term. . . . We will make bold rather than timid investment decisions where we see a sufficient probability of gaining market leadership advantages. Some of these investments will pay off, others will not, and we will have learned another valuable lesson in either case. — Jeff Bezos, 1997 Letter to Shareholders As Fishmonger Ryan Reese skillfully filleted a fresh rainbow trout at Seattle’s Pike Place Market one morning in late 2012, the usual mix of tourists and locals gathered to admire his prowess. The iconic downtown market’s appealing array of fresh and specialty foods drew daily crowds eager to admire its vendors' showmanship and buy their wares. But the trout wasn't for any of them. Ryan's customer was miles away on Mercer Island. Within hours AmazonFresh, the grocery subsidiary of Amazon.com, would deliver the fish, which she'd ordered online, right to her doorstep.1 AmazonFresh had spent five years testing and refining its business model since its launch in August 2007. The challenges were numerous; no other online grocer had yet succeeded on a national scale. Amazon typically allowed new businesses only a short time to achieve profitability before ...

Words: 7647 - Pages: 31

Premium Essay

Thesis Accountabiliy

...SPOTLIGHT ON HOW TO MANAGE DISRUPTION Spotlight ARTWORK Henrique Oliveira, Tapumes Rice Gallery, Houston, 2009, plywood 4.7 x 13.4 x 2m It’s not enough to know that a threat is coming. You need to know whether it’s coming right for you. by Maxwell Wessel and Clayton M. Christensen 56 Harvard Business Review December 2012 PHOTOGRAPHY: NASH BAKER Surviving Disruption HBR.ORG Maxwell Wessel is a fellow at the Forum for Growth and Innovation and a senior researcher at Harvard Business School. Clayton M. Christensen is the Kim B. Clark Professor of Business Administration at HBS. D SPOTLIGHT ON HOW TO MANAGE DISRUPTION Disruptive innovations are like missiles launched at your business. For 20 years we’ve described missile after missile that took aim and annihilated its target: Napster, Amazon, and the Apple Store devastated Tower Records and Musicland; tiny, underpowered personal computers grew to replace minicomputers and mainframes; digital photography made lm practically obsolete. And all along we’ve prescribed a single response to ensure that when the dust settles, you’ll still have a viable business: Develop a disruption of your own before it’s too late to reap the rewards of participation in new, high-growth markets—as Procter & Gamble did with Swiffer, Dow Corning with Xiameter, and Apple with the iPod, iTunes, the iPad, and (most spectacularly) the iPhone. That prescription is, if anything, even more imperative in an increasingly volatile world...

Words: 5438 - Pages: 22

Premium Essay

Porcini`S Pronto

...CONTENT I- Introduction...................................................................................2 1- Background.........................................................................................2 2- Rationale..............................................................................................3 3- Aims & objectives................................................................................3-4 4- Research questions...............................................................................4 5- Hypothesis...........................................................................................5 II- Literature review............................................................................5 1- Strategy in the retailing sector......................................................5-7 2- Asda and its marketing strategies.................................................7-8 3- ASDA strategies and the main features of the UK retailing industry.............................................................................................8 III- Research methodology.....................................................................9 1- Types of research....................................................................9-10 2- Research methods..................................................................10-11 3- Population.....................................................................

Words: 4281 - Pages: 18

Premium Essay

Marketline Case Study Tesco

...MarketLine Case Study Tesco plc Case Study How Tesco Became the UK's Largest Retailer Reference Code: ML00001-041 Publication Date: December 2011 WWW.MARKETLINE.COM MARKETLINE. THIS PROFILE IS A LICENSED PRODUCT AND IS NOT TO BE PHOTOCOPIED TESCO PLC CASE STUDY © MARKETLINE THIS PROFILE IS A LICENSED PRODUCT AND IS NOT TO BE PHOTOCOPIED ML00001-041/Published 12/2011 Page | 1 OVERVIEW Catalyst Tesco is the largest retailer in the UK and dominates the UK food and grocery market, accounting for almost a third of all grocery sales. This case study examines the factors that have led to the growth of the company as the UK’s number one retailer. Summary In 1995, Tesco overtook Sainsbury’s to become the UK’s largest retailer. Since that time the company has grown from strength to strength, widening its lead year on year.  The unrivaled success of the Tesco Clubcard in building customer knowledge and generating loyalty has been fundamental to the rise of Tesco.  The company has created a powerful brand and a number of valuable sub-brands including store, product and service brands.  Tesco’s grocery product brands tend to center around a three-tier branding system, allowing the company to appeal to a mass market.  Tesco has been a forerunner in the price competitive environment of the UK food and grocery market, utilizing its economies of scale to lead price wars with other supermarkets.  The company has grown inorganically, buying out various independent grocers...

Words: 4232 - Pages: 17

Premium Essay

Marketing of Halal Meet

...The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at www.emeraldinsight.com/0007-070X.htm Marketing of halal meat in the United Kingdom Supermarkets versus local shops Allam Ahmed SPRU – Science and Technology Policy Research, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK Abstract Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore a number of marketing issues, such as consumer buyer behaviour and distribution channels, in relation to buying halal meat (HM) from local shops versus supermarkets in the UK. Design/methodology/approach – A consumer survey (300 participants) and observation of three local halal shops and a Morrisons supermarket were successfully undertaken in London, Brighton and Edinburgh. Findings – The majority of UK Muslims do not trust big supermarkets when buying HM. They will only trust a Muslim selling halal products in their local shops. Most respondents did not know that supermarkets in their local area sold HM. Research limitations/implications – In order to increase the sales of HM ranges, supermarkets need to improve their marketing efforts, for example by advertising in Islamic newspapers, mosques and other relevant sources. Supermarkets need to stock other complementary halal products to get a mass response from this market segment, as well as enhancing/improving their services, for example, there should be sales people who are able to advise customers on particular halal products. Originality/value – The study reveals that the majority...

Words: 7729 - Pages: 31

Premium Essay

Unit 17 Marketing Intelligence

...UNIT 17: MARKETING INTELLIGENCE Written By: LO1: UNDERSTAND BUYER BEHAVIOUR AND PURCHASE MAKING DECISION 1.1 Describe the main stages of the purchase decision-making process for an individual consumer (i.e. business-to-consumer) Buyer Behaviour and Decision Making Process Customers go through five stages of decision making process in any kind of purchase. The diagram below summarises it. The above model is essential in making marketing decisions. Customer buying process starts with “Need Recognition”, in which buyer identify a need or a problem (hungry, fever). Some times in these stage customers respond to a marketing stimulus (aroma of chocolate muffins and coffee while passing the coffee shop). The next stage is “Information search” in this stage if the need is very strong then customers do not search a lot of information and buy product or service close to hand, if not then customers obtain information from family, friends, neighbours, advertising, TV, radio, retailers or by handling and examining or even testing. In the third stage “Evaluation of alternative” customers uses the information gathered and chooses between alternative brands, products or services. After evaluation, customer makes the purchase. The last stage is “Post-Purchase Evaluation”, this stage make a customer feel either satisfied or dissatisfied with the purchase, if customer feels satisfaction then they will stick to the brand, product or service in not then they will switch to...

Words: 3132 - Pages: 13

Premium Essay

Traders Joes

...Case Study 1 Trader Joe’s Keeping a Cool Edge The average Trader Joe’s stocks only a small percentage of the products of local supermarkets in a space little larger than a corner store. How did this neighborhood market grow to earnings of $9 billion, garner superior ratings, and become a model of management? Take a walk down the aisles of Trader Joe’s and learn how sharp attention to the fundamentals of retail management made this chain more than the average Joe. Ruaridh Stewart/Zuma Press From Corner Store to Foodie Mecca In more than 365 stores across the United States, hundreds of thousands of customers are treasure hunting.1 Driven by gourmet tastes but hungering for deals, they are led by cheerful guides in Hawaiian shirts who point them to culinary discoveries such as ahi jerky, ginger granola, and baked jalapeño cheese crunchies. It’s just an average day at Trader Joe’s, the gourmet, specialty, and natural-foods store that offers staples such as milk and eggs along with curious, one-of-a-kind foods at below average prices in thirty-odd states.2 With their plethora of kosher, vegan, and gluten-free fare, Trader Joe’s has products to suit every dietary need.3 Foodies, hipsters, and recessionistas alike are attracted to the chain’s charming blend of low prices, tasty treats, and laid-back but enthusiastic customer service. Shopping at Trader Joe’s is less a chore than it is immersion into another culture. In keeping with its whimsical faux-nautical theme, crew...

Words: 1947 - Pages: 8

Premium Essay

Directed Study in Marketing Faulkner University

...BBA 3350 Directed Study in Marketing BBA 66 Huntsville 12/5/2009 | CHAPTER 1 Marketing’s Value to Consumers, Firms and Society Questions and Problems: 1. List your activities for the first two hours after you woke up this morning. Briefly indicate how marketing affected your activities. The first thing in the morning after wakening up, I wash my face with Clean and Clear by Johnson & Johnson , take a shower with Caress, brush my teeth with Arm and Hammer toothpaste. Breakfast consist of a cup of Folgers coffee and bowl of Post Cereal. All of these items are marketed to address what is appealing to the potential consumer, with slogans, such as slickening body wash, facial scrub with bursting beads to wake you up and gently exfoliates skin, or advanced white clinically proven to whiten teeth, one hundred percent pure coffee, post cereal advertising deliciously sweet apple pieces and caramel baked oat clusters. The marketing and advertising persuaded me to try the products that I use daily. 2. If a producer creates a revolutionary new product and consumers can learn about it and purchase it at a website on the Internet, is any additional marketing effort really necessary? Explain your thinking. I would think the more marketing of a product the more people will learn about it and would want to buy it. Not everyone has a computer and connected to the internet. More people lessen to radio and look at TV than any other medium. It would be wise to expand...

Words: 11925 - Pages: 48

Premium Essay

Vault Guide Resumes, Cover Letters & Interviews 2003

...granddaddy of worker sites.” – US News and World Report “A killer app.” – New York Times One of Forbes' 33 “Favorite Sites” – Forbes “To get the unvarnished scoop, check out Vault.” – Smart Money Magazine “Vault has a wealth of information about major employers and jobsearching strategies as well as comments from workers about their experiences at specific companies.” – The Washington Post “A key reference for those who want to know what it takes to get hired by a law firm and what to expect once they get there.” – New York Law Journal “Vault [provides] the skinny on working conditions at all kinds of companies from current and former employees.” – USA Today VAULT GUIDE TO RESUMES, COVER LETTERS & INTERVIEWS © 2003 Vault Inc. VAULT GUIDE TO RESUMES, COVER LETTERS & INTERVIEWS HOWARD LEIFMAN, PhD, MARCY LERNER AND THE STAFF OF VAULT © 2003 Vault Inc. Copyright © 2003 by Vault Inc. All rights reserved. All information in this book is subject to change without notice. Vault makes no claims as to the accuracy and reliability of the information contained within and disclaims all warranties. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the express written permission of Vault Inc. Vault.com, and the Vault logo are trademarks of Vault Inc. For information about permission to reproduce selections from this book, contact Vault Inc.150...

Words: 46382 - Pages: 186

Premium Essay

Consumer Behavior

...Case 1: Cub Foods In 2003, Cub Foods had 78 corporate and 30 franchised stores. The chain built its success by focusing on its primary market: families of four or five individuals with adults ages 24 to early 40s who are informed. Value-conscious consumers – consumers like Leslie Wells. Leslie Wells’s recent expedition to the new Cub Foods store in Melrose Park, Illinois, was no ordinary trip to the grocery store. “You go crazy,” says Wells, sounding a little shell-shocked. Overwhelmed by Cub’s vast selection, tables of samples, and discounts as high as 30 percent, Wells spent $76 on groceries - $36 more than she had planned. Wells fell prey to what a Cub executive calls “the wow factor”. A shopping frenzy brought on by low prices and clever marketing. That’s the reaction Cub’s super warehouse stores strive for and often get. Cub Foods has been a leader in shaking up the food industry and forcing many conventional supermarkets to lower prices, increase services, or, in some cases go out of business. With Cub and other super warehouse stores springing up across the country, shopping habits are changing too. Some shoppers must drive 50 miles or more to a Cub store instead of going to the nearest neighborhood supermarket and bag their own groceries at Cub Foods. Their payoff is that they find almost everything they need under one roof, and most of it is cheaper than at competing supermarkets. Cub’s low prices, smart marketing, and sheer size encourage shoppers to spend...

Words: 3255 - Pages: 14

Free Essay

Principles of Management Research-Subways

...Principles of management APPLIED RESEARCH SUBWAY Sandwich shop Michael D. Robinson Ottis Walizer Park University Internet Campus A course paper presented to the School for Arts and Sciences and Distance Learning in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Baccalaureate Principle of Management Park University May, 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION 3 BODY 3 International Business 4 Social, Legal and Ethical Responsibilities 5 General Planning & Strategic Planning 6 Operations Management and Plans 7 Organizing Work and Synergism 8 Organization Structure and Chart 8 Work Team Utilization 9 Staffing 10 Employee and Manager Development 10 Motivating Employees 12 Leadership and Management 13 Managing Conflict and Stress 13 Managing Change 14 Controlling 15 Appraising and Rewarding 16 Operations Control 16 CONCLUSION 17 REFERENCES 18 INTRODUCTION SUBWAYS restaurants were developed by Fred La Duca and Dr. Peter Buck in Bridgeport, Connecticut, back in the summer of 1965. Fred was looking for a way to pay for college and one of his parents closes friends, Dr. Peter Buck, told him to open a sandwich shop. The suggestion came for a sub shop because they were very...

Words: 4380 - Pages: 18