...The China Theater of Operations more resembled the Soviet-German war on the Eastern Front than the war in the Pacific or the war in Western Europe. On the Asian continent, as on the Eastern Front, an Allied partner, China, carried the brunt of the fighting. China had been at war with Japan since 1937 and continued the fight until the Japanese surrender in 1945. The United States advised and supported China's ground war, while basing only a few of its own units in China for operations against Japanese forces in the region and Japan itself. The primary American goal was to keep the Chinese actively in the Allied war camp, thereby tying down Japanese forces that otherwise might be deployed against the Allies fighting in the Pacific. The United States confronted two fundamental challenges in the China theater. The first challenge was political. Despite facing a common foe in Japan, Chinese society was polarized. Some Chinese were supporters of the Nationalist Kuomintang government; some supported one of the numerous former warlords nominally loyal to the Nationalists; and some supported the Communists, who were engaged in a guerrilla war against the military and political forces of the Nationalists. Continuing tensions, which sometimes broke out into pitched battles, precluded development of a truly unified Chinese war effort against the Japanese. The second challenge in the China theater was logistical. Fighting a two-front war of its own, simultaneously having to supply other...
Words: 1178 - Pages: 5
...its occupation to Burma, Philippines, Indies, and the Solomon. However, the Allies met twice in Casablanca and Washington and agreed upon the priority to defeat Germany and the unconditional surrender of the Axes Powers. In the pacific the termination of the military operations would be after the defeat and unconditional surrender of Japan and its military is no more a threat in the region. Further, the operation set by the Allied Forces in the Pacific should start by supporting china and end by invading Japan. The objectives of the operation were to control the sea in the Pacific, while maintaining pressure on Japan along with keeping China in the war. In order to reach these objectives the operation must concentrate on four LOO/ LOE each related to multiple decisive points: 1....
Words: 521 - Pages: 3
...left much of China's problems today. On country level: If weren't for the imperialists' invasions, Taiwan wouldn't be a problem (Japan took Taiwan away). Tibet wouldn't be a problem (Britain tried to take it away and combine it with its Indian colony, it led to today's problems in Tibet and Britain and India backing the Tibetan separatists). Xinjiang wouldn't be a problem (weak Chinese government due to foreign invasion led to Xinjiang's separatist activities to build East Turkestan which eventually led to terrorism in this province.) Mongolia would still be part of China (Russia backed Outer Mongolia into independence, leaving China with only Inner Mongolia.) Part of the Siberia would still be China. (Part of Siberia used to be Chinese territory but fell to Russian invasions) China was forced in years to pay enormous amount of silver to the western powers, especially Britain and France, which funded the western industrialization and economic boom and greatly destroyed the Chinese economy, millions died in hunger. China's fall led to its lost of political and cultural influence in east and central Asia. Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Thailand, Philippines, Kazakhstan, etc, all turned away. Western cultural moved into East Asia. On cultural level: Chinese cultural and art no longer had great influence worldwide. Westerner people started to appreciate their own culture and art, Japan turned completely western. People started to appreciate western stuff more than Chinese, from...
Words: 555 - Pages: 3
...1880 – Died April 5, 1964) was an American General and Field Marshal of the Philippine Army who was Chief of Staff of the United States Army during the 1930s and played a prominent role in the Pacific theater during World War II. He received the Medal of Honor for his service in the Philippines Campaign, which made him and his father Arthur MacArthur, Jr., the first father and son to be awarded the medal. He was one of only five men ever to rise to the rank of General of the Army in the U.S. Army (or Five-Star General), and the only man ever to become a Field Marshal in the Philippine Army. From 1919 to 1922, MacArthur served as Superintendent of the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, where he attempted a series of reforms. His next assignment was in the Philippines, where in 1924 he was instrumental in quelling the Philippine Scout Mutiny. In 1925, he became the Army's youngest Major General. He served on the court martial of Brigadier General Billy Mitchell and was President of the American Olympic Committee during the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam. In 1930, he became Chief of Staff of the United States Army. As such, he was involved in the expulsion of the Bonus Army protesters from Washington, D.C. in 1932, and the establishment and organization of the Civilian Conservation Corps. He retired from the U.S. Army in 1937 to become Military Advisor to the Commonwealth Government of the Philippines. But in 1941, during World War II, MacArthur was recalled to active duty as...
Words: 592 - Pages: 3
...Perry arrival in Japan 1854, signing of the U.S. Japan treaty of peace and amity 1905,President Roosevelt helped to end the Russo-Japanese War and persuaded Japan to drop its demand for war reparations. Months after, the United States recognized the Japanese control of Korea in return for Japan’s pledge not to get involved in the Philippines. A decade later, many nations found themselves involved in the First World War. April of 1917, United States entered the conflict 1919, Japan went to the peace conference at Versailles 1920s to 1930s, the fragile world established in the aftermath of WWI suffered a series of devastating economic, political, and military blows. early 1931, in reaction to Japan’s invasion of Manchuria four months prior would refuse to recognize any territorial acquisitions that violate American treaty rights. 1928, Japan’s seizure had violated the Kellog-Briand Treaty 1922, the nine-power Open Door Policy Pact 1937, Japan went on to seize Peking, Tietnsin, Shanghai, and Nanking. December of 1937, Japanese aircraft bombed and sank the U.S. gunboat Panay on the Yangtze River as it was rescuing war-stranded Americans near Nanking. 1938, Japan put the United States on notice that it no longer recognized the Open Door policy. 1940, the relations between USA and Japan were continually deteriorating July 1941, the Japanese occupied the remainder of Indochina; the United States, in response, froze Japanese assets. December 1, Japan rejected the proposal ...
Words: 295 - Pages: 2
...Associate Program Material Appendix C World War II and the Atom Bomb Complete the charts in Parts 1 and 2 by providing the requested information. An example is provided in Part 1. Answer the questions in Part 3. Part 1: Western Front | | | | | | |Campaign |Dates |Allied objective |Major turning point |Outcome | |EXAMPLE: |October 1942 to May |Attack Germans from the southern side; |Battle at El Alamein: German forces driven|The American offensive finally drove the Germans from | | |1943 |expose the vulnerability of the Nazi |out of Egypt |Africa, allowing the Allies to move toward Italy | |North Africa | |empire | | | | |1943-1944 |Allies wanted defeat the German occupancy |Battle at Monte Cassion: Allies broke |The Germans and Italians were defeated on the Italian | |Italy | |of Italy...
Words: 1622 - Pages: 7
...Douglas MacArthur: The Big Chief in America and Japan General of the Army, Douglas MacArthur (1880-1964), is well-known in the history of army in the United States and one of the soldiers who served the United States for more than a half-century. He was born on January 26th, 1880, at the Little Rock Barracks in Arkansas and grew up on outposts of the western borderline in which his Army officer father, Arthur MacArthur (1845-1912), was positioned. He later mentioned about the experience in his early childhood, “It was here I learned to ride and shoot even before I could read or write–indeed, almost before I could walk or talk.” (History.com) MacArthur was talented and candid; besides is best known for his crucial parts in World War II and following reconstruction of Japan. In this paper, his educational and political background, political challenges and accomplishments, and also relationship with particularly the United States and Japan are going to be explicated. EDUCATIONAL AND POLITICAL BACKGROUND Douglas MacArthur spent his entire life in the military of the United States. He lived in a far-off region of New Mexico in his early childhood in which his father, Arthur MacArthur Jr., instructed an infantry company charged with guarding settlers and railroad employees from the Indian "menace." When he was a teenager, Arthur served with division in the Union Army, and he was awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor after all for showing a courageous assault up Missionary Ridge...
Words: 1478 - Pages: 6
...states, which we call war. The other is the organized violence against its citizens practiced by almost all States. There is the symbolic kind, the fascist architecture, thought control through propaganda, giant parades and nationalist music. There is also the development of penal and legal institutions which often divides up the population into the free and the imprisoned (Macfarlane 2007). The Hiroshima bombings would come under violence as war, where the U.S. bomber, the Enola Gay, dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan with the acute effects killing 90,000–166,000 people (Rezelman 2000) the reason for the bombings was to end the war the only way they knew could work and after the bombings which was not only Hiroshima the Japanese did surrender where today people would agree that if the bombings didn’t take place many more innocent causalities would have been the outcome. Killing thousands to save millions was a justifiable reason for state violence on Japan, do you...
Words: 1621 - Pages: 7
...The Philippines During the Second World War How Japan Viewed the Philippines and Southeast Asia Japan always thought of the Philippines and Southeast Asia as a place for expansion. Japan considered it as a place for settling of its expanding population, a source of raw materials, and a market for its products. During the American period the Japanese start to permanently settle in the Philippines for economic opportunities by building factories and shops in Manila. The Road to War In the 1930’s, Japan experienced economic crisis, militarists took over the Japanese government. Professing a belief of Japan’s destiny to expand, Japan’s leaders annexed Manchuria in 1931 and defied global censure by withdrawing from the League of Nations. Japan started provoked an undeclared war with China and occupied several parts of that country. Massacred 100,000 people of Nanjing. In 1940, Japan allied itself with the Axis powers and stared to occupy French-Indochina Because of the atrocities of Japan. America imposed an embargo on oil and scrap metal exports to Japan. Preparing the Philippines for Independence and War To prepare Philippines militarily President Manuel Quezon summoned Gen. Douglas MacArthur as Adviser to Philippine Commonwealth. He was given the carte blanche to produce defense plan for the Philippines including recruitment of troops, the acquisition of equipment and building of camps. However, due to lack of funds was not able to prepare the Philippines as planned...
Words: 2309 - Pages: 10
...ESSAYS FOR THE FINAL EXAM 2014 1. What was the Manhattan project and how did it evolve? How was the decision made to drop the bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki and how did the bombing end the war? (be specific and complete) Essay – The Manhattan project was central to the United States efforts in constructing a nuclear bomb during the Second World War. Motivated by the fear of an enemy attack from the Nazi’s, the United States was able to develop the world’s most devastating bombs, which would end up killing more than 200,000 Japanese citizens in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. In this way, the Manhattan project essentially grew out of America’s efforts to defend themselves against a potential Nazi attack. Hungarian scientist Leo Szilard, after escaping to America, realized that if the Nazis acquired the works recently conducted on nuclear fission, they might be able to construct a nuclear bomb and dominate the world with its destruction. He then convinced Albert Einstein of the impending Nazi threat and Einstein took the initiative to alert the United States by writing a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt. In the letter sent in August 1939, right before the start of the war, Einstein advised that the United States be wary of the threat of nuclear weaponry in the hands of the enemy and that they should begin a weapons building program of their own. A very small committee was established to look into the science and development of a bomb, funded by a mere $6,000. President...
Words: 2270 - Pages: 10
...graduated from West Point and was stationed in San Antonio as a second lieutenant. The First World War ended right before Eisenhower was scheduled to go, which greatly upset him. He then went on the graduate first in his class from the Command and General Staff College in Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. Next, the future president served under General John J. Pershing as a military aid. He later served as an aid to General Douglas MacArthur for seven years in the Philippines. In 1939 he returned home just at the outbreak of the Second World War. In September 1941, Eisenhower was promoted to brigadier general. Just three months later Japan bombed Pearl Harbor. Eisenhower was then called to Washington by General George Marshal, U.S Army Chief of Staff. Marshal assigned Eisenhower to work as a planning officer in the capital (History.com). He had seven years of experience stationed in the Philippines so Eisenhower worked mostly as an early Pacific theater advisor. He correctly predicted that Japan would easily overtake the Philippines and that the U.S only needed to hold out long...
Words: 2931 - Pages: 12
...and air forces of the Empire of Japan. The United States was at peace with that nation and, at the solicitation of Japan, was still in conversation with its government and its emperor looking toward the maintenance of peace in the Pacific. Indeed, one hour after Japanese air squadrons had commenced bombing in the American island of Oahu, the Japanese ambassador to the United States and his colleague delivered to our Secretary of State a formal reply to a recent American message. And while this reply stated that it seemed useless to continue the existing diplomatic negotiations, it contained no threat or hint of war or of armed attack. It will be recorded that the distance of Hawaii from Japan makes it obvious that the attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks ago. During the intervening time, the Japanese government has deliberately sought to deceive the United States by false statements and expressions of hope for continued peace. The attack yesterday on the Hawaiian islands has caused severe damage to American naval and military forces. I regret to tell you that very many American lives have been lost. In addition, American ships have been reported torpedoed on the high seas between San Francisco and Honolulu. Yesterday, the Japanese government also launched an attack against Malaya. Last night, Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong. Last night, Japanese forces attacked Guam. Last night, Japanese forces attacked the Philippine Islands. Last night, the Japanese...
Words: 519 - Pages: 3
...USS Arizona. The mighty explosion split the great ship in half, taking only nine minutes for her to sink (A Summary of the Attack on Pearl Harbor, 2012). Now that we are out of the box looking in, this is what a Japanese pilot might have felt as he flew his plane on that haunting yet unforgettable mission to that bay at Pearl; for he was on his way of creating history from the destruction of an entire fleet in anchor. This Japanese warrior and his culture of war would not know the consequences of his emperor’s actions; for it would only unite an entire country in a fit of rage from this horrific and unprovoked act initiated by the rising sun nation of Japan. This battle would not only be the beginning of WWII for the United States, but it would be the beginning of the end of a military force in Japan. It was this mission and Japan’s cultural importance of war that would lead to the consequence of these pilots on that eventful day in December, for this mission eventually would only bring fire and a vast amount of immense pain and suffering upon their own people. The once fearless strength and courage of the Japanese warrior who would not face defeat upon their own eyes would be brought to their knees in the disgrace of surrender upon the deck of the USS...
Words: 2399 - Pages: 10
...Deepali Shinde Professor Kalra Academic Writing 101 19th September 2015. Was United Nations justified in dropping atomic bombs on Japan? World War II also known as The Second World War was a global war that was fought from 1939 to 1945 in Europe and Asia. The Second World War was debatably the most consequential period of the 20th century. World War II led to vital advancements in technology and set the base for post war social changes, that includes the end of colonialism by the Europeans, the civil rights movement in the United States., and the American Women’s Rights Movement in 1950s, in addition to the initiatives for research and exploration of outer space. The prime fighters were the Allied Nations that included Britain (leading combatant) and its Commonwealth nations, USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and America. The other combatants were the Axis nations that consisted of Fascist Italy, Nazi Germany, Imperial Japan and their allies. The war was won by the Allied forces. One significant consequence of the Second World War was the Cold War between the two superpowers of the world, that is, United States of America and the Soviet Union (USSR). Japan is an island country located in East Asia in the Pacific Ocean. Japan is a leading country when it comes to technological establishments but lacks natural resources, particularly in iron and oil. After the World War I the fascist governments increased their expenditure on military supplies and training. This...
Words: 2277 - Pages: 10
...During WW2, Japan had one of the most terrifying weapons at sea and on land. They had Kamikazes, people who killed themselves while doing damage to troops or ships. Hearing BANZI in the jungle was something that scared many Allie troops. Although this was the most famous Japanese tactic in the war there were other types of weapons that many people have yet to hear about even after 50 years after the war. These weapons include the unmanned fire balloons, Kamikaze subs, and the dirty nuke they almost had. The Japanese launched balloons while they were being pushed back into a “minimum defense area. Their main purpose was to set fire to farms, cities, and forests and carried anti personnel and fire bombs. In theory, the bombs could do major damage due to the forests on the west coast. The effect would be devastating due to the fact that Americans on the main land weren’t touched and weren’t expecting to be touched by the war like British and French cities and towns. 200 were released, but none made it to America. The Japanese remodeled the balloons and launched another wave After MacArthur captured the Philippines. These balloons were estimated to reach America in 4 days. And it took Americans 4 days to find out about the balloons. On the 4th of November a navel patrol ship found one of the balloons in the ocean. They tried to bring it on board but it sank with its payload. The FBI were called in and America was in high alert. 2 weeks later a balloon was found in Montana and...
Words: 659 - Pages: 3
