...Case Study 1 Question 1 Seeking control over employees is a faulty way of managing the affairs. The correct way should be to control the outcome of the collective efforts of managers as well as the employees. The Management sets common corporate goals and it should ensure the accomplishment of these goals through proper delegation of duties to the employees. Now, instead of controlling them, the management should ensure that the outcome of the employees is controlled towards achievement of common corporate goals. This is usually achieved through proper employee motivation and good HR Policies. It would be improper to have "control" over employees. Certain amount of autonomy must be given to the employees. However, control may or may not imply manipulation. Achieving targets or setting goals through employee motivation is NOT manipulation, in fact this is a good technique that common corporate goals are achieved without depriving employees of their autonomy. NO... if the managers link rewards to productivity, this is NOT manipulation, but a kind of motivitaional and performance linked technique. Stop gossiping and criticizing other people. This can be hard to do, especially if you have a group of friends or coworkers who like to complain. But if you stop the negative chatter, eventually they will too. Compliment people when you can. Everyone wants to feel important, so if you can give people specific and honest compliments, you'll have them eating out of...
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...Chapter 6 Elements Of Research Design Instructional Goals 1. To clarify the various components of research design as indicated in Figure 5.1 of the book; 2. To highlight obvious combinations in research design choices; for example, a lab or field experiment is invariably conducted to establish cause and effect relationships; a lab experiment is always done in a contrived setting with maximal researcher interference and in a longitudinal fashion.; 3. To stress the importance of making optimal research design choices aimed at balancing scientific rigor and research costs (and feasibility). Discussion Questions 1. What are the basic research design issues? Describe them in some detail. Basic research design issues are primarily a function of the purpose of the study (whether it is exploratory, descriptive, or hypothesis-testing), and relate to such aspects as the type of study to be done (causal or correlational), the setting in which it will be done (natural or contrived), how much of researcher control will have to be exercised (very little in the case of field studies, to very much in the case of experimental designs), how many times data will have to be collected (one shot versus longitudinal), and the unit of analysis – i.e. the level at which data will be aggregated. For most correlational studies, the field setting with minimal researcher influence will be the choice. Most field studies are generally cross-sectional, though some could be longitudinal. Longitudinal...
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...Babiak and and Dr. Robert Hare who both have performed extensive research in psychopathy. These authors have displayed how psychopaths slither not only their way into people’s personal lives but also the workforce with devious methods and strategies. The main tool of a psychopath is disarming charisma with the lack of empathy, remorse, and shame. Their mind is constantly searching for angles to start the games of deceit. They also represent confidence, strength, calmness, and always seem right for the job offered. Assessment, manipulation, abandonment, and ascension are the phases of psychopathic behavior which are concisely explained in very simple terms for easy understanding. The phases enable the reader to clearly understand each phase that is relevant in a psychopath’s process towards their main goals of accomplishment. The authors have clearly demonstrated how the strategies of manipulation and deceit start in the very beginning stages with the hiring process. Dr. Babiak and Dr. Hare have explicitly shown countless examples of case studies with information which ascertain the true differences of criminally insane individuals and psychopaths. These psychopaths climb up the corporate ladder utilizing disingenuous skills while...
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...Nineteen Eighty Four, a totalitarian society seeks “limitless” power throughout England over a poor population in which society has an isolated nature by the use of dictatorship. As the isolated nature of the characters may be the genesis of the party’s power, this is only one factor. Telescreens, CCTV, and hidden microphones are situated in the ‘1984’ society, to manipulate the minds and alter the thoughts of the general population. The undeveloped, urban life and land of ‘1984’ portrays the dangers of totalitarianism. Furthermore, the novel is set in the future, which exposes the Party, a totalitarian government, and their control on the past and thriving strength. Truly then, the setting of the novel (isolated nature) affects the development of various themes such as psychological manipulation, dangers of totalitarianism, the party’s subversiveness, historical control leading to power. The party’s way of dealing with subversive people is to make them disappear, and eventually remove them from history, therefore giving the party absolute power to change the past and the future. In 1984, ‘people simply disappear’, their ‘name was removed from the register’ and their ‘one-time existence was denied and forgotten’. In a totalitarian society, Orwell illustrates that if citizens cast criticism or dissent, they are ‘abolished’ to conserve complete control and avoid a rebellion. Orwell’s view on this political concept was constructed through his experience of the nightmarish atrocities...
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...Textbook Notes Ch.1 Social psychology: scientific study of how individuals think, feel and behave in a social context. Difference from economic and political science: * Social psyc strives to establish general principles of attitude formation and change that apply in a variety of situation, rather than exclusively to particular domains * Focuses on the psychology of the individual; unlike sociology, social psyc does not classifies people in terms of nationality, rate or socioeconomic class Distinctions and interactions between Social Psychology and related fields: | | Social psyc | v.s. sociology | Focuses on group level e.g. track political attitudes of middle class in Canada | Individual level e.g. examine specific factors that make ind prefer one political candidate to another | Clinical psyc | Seek to understand and treat people with psychological difficulties or disorders | Do not focus on disorders, but on the more typical ways in which ind think feel, behave and influence each other | Personality psyc | Seeks to understand differences between ind that remain relatively stable across a variety of situationsInterested in - Cross-situational consistency | Whereas social psychology seeks to understand how different situations cause different behaviours*Remarks: High degree of connection between these two areas; Two areas complement each other | Cognitive psyc | Study mental processes such as thinking, learning, remembering and reasoning |...
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...of Jerome Bruner on effective learning and how such ideas can be put to use in a classroom situation for effective learning to take place. For Bruner a child beginning at infancy develops through three stages namely enactive stage characterised by direct manipulation of objects without any internal representation of the objects, an iconic stage characterised by internal representation of external objects visually as images or icons, and a symbolic stage characterised by symbolic representation of external objects through words, formulas or other symbolic means. According to Bruner, J. (1996) a child goes through each of these three stages when growing up. This means that each time we are presenting new instruction to the students we should present it by going through these three stages. This therefore goes to explain that each time we are teaching we should first present a concept in the inactive stage involving direct manipulation of objects, then we re-introduce the concept in the iconic stage using some form of imagery, and finally we re-introduced the concept symbolical using words or formula or other notation. Undoubtedly, learning is a very active process in which the student is directly involved in the manipulation of the content in the three modes of representation. To be successful in learning new content, the pupils must be actively involved in the process; not sitting quietly and listening to a teacher explain something. When the learner participates in the learning...
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...information that regards the software registers, flags, addressing and memory modes and instruction set. I think that this kind if development is vital in the general use of the eZ80 as it comes along with an instruction set as well. The presence of an addressing mode is important as it help sin the location of data needed for an instruction, this data might be stored in a register or memory location. Thus there is the role that shows the simplification of data and hence making it easy to access data in any angle. Arithmetic, logical and bit manipulation instructions are also important features that are used in providing the eZ80 CPU with its number-crunching ability for arithmetic instructions. Logical instructions are also used as they provide the user with the Boolean operations that are necessary in decision making as well as manipulating bits in registers or memory. Bit manipulation instructions are used in the testing; clearing or setting a bit in a register or memory location, thus there is assurance that a bit is registered as soon as it is entered. In my opinion, this is an outstanding development as it eases the transfer of data and minimal work is done when trying to key in any operations in order to make decisions. The microprocessor architecture is an overview of the internal hardware and it comes in handy as an operating system is installed in it. I feel that with this kind, the speeds will be greatly increased. The eZ80 web server...
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...the pain not to fix what's causing the pain. What everyone should consider is putting the pain killers down and making an appointment with a chiropractor. What is a chiropractor? “A chiropractor is health care professional focused on the diagnosis of pain. They treat through hand adjustment and/or manipulation of the spine. Most chiropractors seek to reduce pain and improve the functionality of patients as well as to educate them on how they can account for their own health through exercise, ergonomics and other therapies to treat back pain. Chiropractic is generally categorized as alternative medicine or complementary medicine” (Bowen). They focus mainly on finding the cause to eliminate the pain not just treat it. According to Dr. Kara Johnson D.C. they focus on getting the patient back to maximum health by moving interferences in the spine for healing in a safe and comfortable way. Many may think that the profession of Chiropractic’s hasn't been around for long. In fact, chiropractic care has been around for centuries. The earliest recording of chiropractic dates all the way back to 17,500 B.C. Different cultures all around the world have all been known to use spine manipulation. The famous Greek physician, Hippocrates “believed that only nature could heal and it was the physicians’ duty to remove any...
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...The problems with performance appraisal Introduction Formal performance appraisals form an integral part of overall performance management programs in many organisations. Indeed, for many decades performance appraisals have been a key method for monitoring employee performance and they often play a major role in promotion or salary increments. However, though appraisals continue to be widely used, there is significant and ongoing debate about the validity of results obtained, as well as their effectiveness in positively influencing employee productivity and performance. This paper examines performance appraisals in the modern organisation. It discusses the development of performance appraisal theory, the perceived problems with performance appraisal systems as well as the potential performance and productivity improvements that may be achieved with their use. OK! Performance Appraisals It is widely contended that many (if not most) organisations conduct regular employee performance appraisals (Gliddon 2004; Varma & Pichler 2007). Thus, it is understandable that there is a very large body of literature around the subject (Schraeder & Simpson 2006). Indeed DeNisi and Pritchard (2006, p. 253) state that ‘performance appraisal has been the focus of considerable research for almost a century’. Yet there is surprisingly little consensus on any aspect of performance appraisals, not merely in terms of how they should be constructed or conducted, but even whether...
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...The Science of Psychology Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Learning Objective Menu • • • • • • • • • • • • • • LO 1.1 LO 1.2 LO 1.3 LO 1.4 LO 1.5 LO 1.6 LO 1.7 LO 1.8 LO 1.9 LO 1.10 LO 1.11 LO 1.12 LO 1.13 LO 1.14 Definition and goals of psychology Structuralism and functionalism Early Gestalt, psychoanalysis, and behaviorism Modern perspectives Skinner, Maslow and Rogers Psychiatrist, psychologist, and other professionals Psychology is a science; steps in scientific method Naturalistic and laboratory settings Case studies and surveys Correlational technique Experimental approach and terms Placebo and the experimenter effects Conducting a real experiment Ethical concerns in conducting research Principles of critical thinking LO 1.1 Definition and goals of psychology What is Psychology? • Psychology - scientific study of behavior and mental processes. • Behavior - outward or overt actions and reactions. • Mental processes - internal, covert activity of our minds. • Psychology is a science • Prevent possible biases from leading to faulty observations • Precise and careful measurement Menu LO 1.1 Definition and goals of psychology Psychology’s Four Goals 1. Description • • • What is happening? Why is it happening? Theory - general explanation of a set of observations or facts Will it happen again? How can it be changed? 2. Explanation 3. Prediction • • 4. Control Menu LO 1.2 Structuralism and functionalism Structuralism • Structuralism - focused...
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...Sense Making in Organizations Karl E. Weick by Umar Zia Khan 0002, Hassan Asif 0009, Shafqat Iqbal 0022, Omar Ahmed 0025, Rashid Iqbal 0033 & Shaharyar Khan Rasikh 0028 Table of Contents Book Synthesis 3 The Concept of Occasions for Sense making: 4 Varieties of Occasions for Sense making: 4 Ambiguity and Uncertainty: 5 General Properties of Occasions for Sense making: 5 Substance of Sense Making 5 Minimal Sensible Structures 5 Vocabulary of Societies/ Ideology 5 Vocabulary of Organizations / Third order Controls 6 Vocabulary of Work/ Paradigm 6 Vocabulary of Coping / Theories of Action 6 Vocabularies of Predecessors/ Traditions 6 Vocabularies of Sequence & Experience/ Stories 6 Sense making as Commitment 10 Transcript Summary 10 Interview Inferences 11 End of Contents Book Synthesis Sense making in organizations pertains to giving sense to framed (subject) experiences and literally making sense of the situation. It basically deals with the fact that how people reacted to certain situations. Most of the times, people encounter such events in their organizations which were implausible and out of some odd feeling they were reluctant to share their experiences and their responses to such situation. In other words, it is about placement of items into frameworks in order to drive meaning out of the situation. In practitioner's point of view, every no sense making event is put into the framework to make more sense out of it. Organization...
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...Maren J Lee English 27/10/2014 – 11/11/2014 Brain Washing – Brave New World Brain Washing is an interesting concept. Manipulation can be use to inspire or as a powerful weapon. The United States of America uses soft power and propaganda commercials to promote patriatism. One nation for one purpose. On the other hand, Hitler brain washed the citizens of Germany, making them believe that he was creating a better society. In this situation, brain washing becomes a weapon. Alclous Huxley brings brain washing to the extreme in his novel Brave New World. Citizens of this world are taought to think less. Ignorance is Bless. Huxley Creates a wrold with a few powerful people have complete control of the whole nation. In this essay, I want to discuess the brain washing technique they use, and how they maintain the power. Huxley’s Brave New Wrold setting is at year 2050. Children are made in a science lab with no parents. Ever since the children are born, the government natural condition them: “Family is a horrible idea.” “Everyone belongs to everyone else.” “Ending is better than mending…” (p.43) Many different unique concepts are constantly reminded in this soceity. Saying any idea millions time and listen it millions times would make it true. The governemnt of Brave New World reinforces each concepts into a human’s mind from the moment they are born. As the children in brave new world grow up, each individual is assigned to one specific job that he/ she is design for...
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...Non-Adoption of IFRS The United States (US) should not adopt the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as a replacement for the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) we currently follow. The basic concept of the IFRS is to provide the reporting standards for global financial organizations and the framework on how to disclose their financial statements in a general format, similar to a template from a software program. The argument has been made about the need for a one set of standards due to the need of global companies (corporations). The simplification of accounting standards into a one language, one format for the purpose of credit ratings, is very questionable. GAAP is the standard for the US and the US dollar is still the driving force for the world economies. The question of stability and going concern arises when comparing the Euro dollar against the US dollar. The Euro dollar is suffering along with the European Union. Lately, their joint venture has been on very shaky ground. Is America willing to give up control of its accounting authority, interpretation, and leadership in the world economy? This is the equivalent of the U.S. giving up most of their military control to the “blue helmets” -- the United Nations personal army. Surely, these “blue helmets” will not advocate America’s interest first above all the other nations. The first argument against the adoption of IFRS is based on the standards. IFRS standards are...
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...MSM 6302 Organizational Behavior Exam 4: Chapters 11-13 Answer the following ten short answer/essay questions (paragraphs only, no bullets). It is important to be thorough. Chapter 11 1. What are the seven key parts of the communication process? The key parts of the communication process are the sender, encoding, the message, the channel, decoding, the receiver, noise and feedback. Communication is a dynamic process involving a series of actions and reactions with a view to achieving a goal. How does it work? Think that you are in conversation with your friend. You are a sender or communicator, formulate (encode) an idea or message as best as you can, and pass on the message to your friend, who to the best of his ability receives or acts on the message (decode). He responds by formulating his own message and communicates to you (feedback). If you think your message is understood or well received by your friend, then you go ahead with the next idea that you have in mind and the conversation goes on and on. Communication is, therefore, a two way process, that is, the ability to receive is as important as the ability to send. For successful communication, feedback is crucial because it tells how your message is being interpreted. It can make or break the communication process. 2. Describe the various forms of nonverbal communication. Nonverbal communication describes the process of conveying meaning in the form of non-word messages. Some forms...
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...rewarded for reaching their targeted levels, and if they do not reach their targets, they are punished. Allowing managers to set their own targets allows them to somehow manipulate (gaming) the target levels by setting levels that can be easily achieved. This is true, especially if a bonus is at stake, managers will do just about everything to reach the goal and collect the bonus. This strategy clearly creates a problem for organizations because every department will follow the same strategy and set goals that are easily attainable, allowing the achievement of the goals and therefore, the collection of the bonuses. Those actions have negative effects on an organization because departments are not coordinating for the best of the organization and department productivity is not being maximized. For example, a sales manager might know that with hard work and motivation his or her sales department is capable of reaching sales of $10 million, but to prevent the risk of punishment and to secure a bonus, the manager might set a goal of only $7 million. At the end of the quarter, sales total might be $8 million. Because the manager was allowed manipulate and set his or her own target level, the organization would lose out on $2 million; however, according to the budget, the goal was not only met, but an additional $1 million were generated. This situation will satisfy top...
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