...skills to survive. These social skills help them to develop interpersonal relationships with each other. One of the main intimate relationships that developed over time is the bond between a man and a woman. This union became sacred in society, and a term “marriage” developed. In their book, The Ties that Bind: Perspectives on Marriage and Cohabitation, Bachrach, Hindin, and Thomson define marriage “as a legally and socially recognized union, ideally lifelong, that entails sexual, economic, social rights and obligations for the partners” (3-16). Since the evolution of marriages, there have also been arranged marriages. This can be seen as the arrangement of a marriage by a third party, usually by the couple’s parents. Arranged marriages may lead to a longer lasting relationship than non-arranged marriages, because the success of the marriage is stronger with a support system, since the parents, community, religion, and cultural background are involved in making and sustaining the marriage bond. Initially one might believe that arranged marriages are a distinct feature of the eastern societies but the western societies also have deep roots and seeds of arranged marriage customs and traditions. Arranged marriages have existed for centuries, and it traditions are still practiced today. Many might see an arranged marriage as forced or unwanted but studies done by Myers, Madathil, and Tingle “showed that differences in marital satisfaction between arranged and non-arranged couples...
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...“How Structurism Arranges Marriage in India, America, and the Rest of the World” In fact, marriage in the U.S. is just as arranged as marriage in India. Outright if you were to ask someone if marriage in the United States was the same as in India, you would surely get a quick; “No” for a response since largely the United States practices marriages of individual self-choice while India practices arranged marriage. For better or worse, there are many reasons as to why both these countries follow their own marriage styles, but what happens if we were to look beyond what’s in front of us and truly study what ‘unseen’ forces play into a marriage. Would we even dare suggest that marriage in the United States (the freest nation in the world) is just as arranged in India, is it possible to see that arranged marriages in India are perhaps freer than a marriage of self-choice? First we must answer what is a marriage and what forces play into a marriage to truly know. The definition of a marriage in the 1950’s was the union of a non-related male and female backed by their family members with duties and obligations to love and care for one another with the prospect of having children. Nowadays this definition is dated, thanks to the study of Anthropology and the phenomena of homosexuality; a politically correct and culturally considerate definition of marriage would be; “a culturally sanctioned union between two or more people that establishes certain rights and obligations...
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...‘Uniform Civil Code (UCC)’ consists of three terms- ‘Uniform’, ‘Civil’, ‘Code’. The word ‘Uniform’ means one and the same in all circumstances whatsoever; the term ‘Civil’ has been derived from the latin word ‘Civils’ meaning citizen when used as an adjective to the term ‘law’, it means pertaining to the private rights and remedies of a citizen, as distinguished criminal, political, etc. The word ‘Code’ is derived from the Latin word ‘Codex’ which means a book. Therefore, the term ‘Civil Code’ is read in conjunction with the adjective ‘Uniform’ it connotes a code which shall be uniformly applicable to all citizens irrespective of their religion, race, sex, caste and creed. Uniform Civil Code, therefore, generally refers to that part of law which deals with family affairs of an individual and denotes uniform law for all citizens, irrespective of his/her religion, caste or tribe. UNIFORM CIVIL CODE AND INDIAN CONSTITUTION Article 44 of the Constitution of India requires the state to secure for the citizens of India a Uniform Civil Code throughout the territory of India. India is a unique blend and merger of codified personal laws of Hindus, Christians, Parsis and to some extent of laws of Muslims. However, there exists no uniform family related law in a single statutory book for all Indians which are universally acceptable to all religious communities who co-exist in India. The constitution, by virtue of Article 44, is very clear that unless a uniform civil code is followed, integration...
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...rape, bride burning, eve teasing, and acid throwing. It is widespread in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal. Sri Lanka and some regions of Africa. Pakistan has the highest reported rates of dowry-related deaths per 100,000 women in the world. India[edit] Most dowry deaths occur when the young woman, unable to bear the harassment and torture, commits suicide. Most of these suicides are by hanging, poisoning or by fire. Sometimes the woman is killed by setting her on fire; this is known as "bride burning", and sometimes disguised as suicide or accident. Suicide and murder are two causes of fatalities in dowry deaths. Death by burning of Indian women have been more frequently attributed to dowry conflicts.[1] In dowry deaths, the groom’s family is perpetrator of murder or suicide.[2] According to Indian National Crime Record Bureau, in 2010, 8391 dowry death cases were reported across India[3] This means a bride was burned every 90 minutes, or dowry issues cause 1.4 deaths per year per 100,000 women in India.[4][5] For contextual reference, United Nations reports a worldwide average female homicide rate of 3.6 per 100,000 women, and an average of 1.6 homicides per 100,000 women for Northern Europe in 2012.[6] Although India's dowry death rate per 100,000 is lower than equivalent rate for Pakistan and Bangladesh, it is a significant social issue in India. According to Indian police, every year it receives over 2,500 reports of bride-burning [7] The Indian National Crime Records Bureau...
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...Written assignment 2: Essay - Dusk Over Atlantic Wharf Arranged marriages are traditional in the Indian society and continue to account for the greater part of marriages in India. In the western world are arranged marriages not so widespread, and we do not see it so often. In the short story, ‘’Dusk Over Atlantic Wharf’’, by Susmita Bhattacharya, we hear about an Indian girl, Lata, who is in an arranged marriage. So the question is, can there really be love in an arranged marriage? The story takes plays in Cardiff, which is the capital of Wales. In the beginning we are in Anuj’s and Lata’s apartment. The weather is grey and quite depressing: “The sky loomed large and grey over the chimney tops and television aerials. Lata missed the drama of colours played out in the sky. She observed it has been the same dull grey throughout the day.” (P. 1, L. 11-13). This description of the weather can also be used to tell us about Lata’s emotional state. She is having a tough time, where everything seems dark and grey, and she needs India’s drama of colors played out in the sky. The main character in the text is Lata. Lata is originally from India, but has moved to Cardiff in Wales, because she has been given away to Anuj. She has only been in Cardiff for four months (P. 1, L. 30-31), so she is still struggling to fit into the new surroundings. Now she has to cook, clean and wash, which she normally had hired help for back in India. (P.1, L. 35-37) This also indicates that she did...
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...special article caste in the 21st century: From system to elements A M Shah The argument that while caste as a system is more or less dead, individual castes are flourishing is widely accepted. However, the notion of “caste as a system” is derived mainly from studies of the rural rather than the urban community. In this article, individual caste is seen in the context of both rural and urban communities and its several aspects, particularly the rule of endogamy as its defining criterion, are analysed at some length and some implications of the analysis are pointed out. n 1955, M N Srinivas presented a paper, ‘Castes: Can They Exist in the India of Tomorrow?’, at a national seminar on “Casteism and Removal of Untouchabilty” in Delhi, attended, among others, by such distinguished persons as S Radhakrishnan, Jagjivan Ram, Govind Ballabh Pant, V K R V Rao, Kaka Kalelkar and Irawati Karve. The paper was published in the seminar report as well as in the Economic Weekly (1955). After a lifetime of scholarship on caste, in 1999, the last year of his life, Srinivas delivered a lecture under different titles in Bangalore, Delhi and Kolkata, on the passing away of caste as a system. It was published posthumously in 2003 in the Economic and Political Weekly under the title, ‘An Obituary on Caste as a System’. Srinivas expanded this title into a sentence, “While caste as a system is dead, individual castes are flourishing” (ibid: 459). He made this statement almost at the end of...
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...Arranged marriages are traditional in the Indian society and continue to account for the greater part of marriages in India.(???) In the western world, arranged marriages are not so widespread, and we do not see it so often. In the short story, ‘’Dusk Over Atlantic Wharf’’, by Susmita Bhattacharya, we hear about the Indian girl, Lata, who is in an arranged marriage. So the question is, can there really be love in an arranged marriage? The main character in this story is Lata. She is originally from India, but has moved away, because she has been given away to Anuj.. The story takes plays in Cardiff, which is the capital of Wales. Lata has only been in Cardiff for four months. In the beginning of the story, we are in Anuj - and Lata’s apartment. The weather is grey and quite depressing: “The sky loomed large and grey over the chimney tops and television aerials. Lata missed the drama of colours played out in the sky. She observed it has been the same dull grey throughout the day .” This description of the weather can also tell the reader about Lata’s emotional state. She is having a tough time, where everything seems dark and grey, and she needs India’s drama of colors played out in the sky. Because of her being the external one, she is struggling to fit into the new surroundings. Back in India, she never did any cleaning, washing or anything like that, but with her new situation, this seems to be everyday work for her now. The fact, that Lata normally would have hired...
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...Indian Culture Abstract India is located in continent Asia. It is Federal republic government. Its official language is Hindi and there are 14 other languages e.g. Bengali, Telugu, Marathi, Tamil, Urdu and Punjabi. The major religion that is follow by majority of people is Hinduism. In India people speaks different languages, dress differently, follow different religions, eat different food but they all have the same nature. Whether it is a happy occasion or a moment of sadness people participate in it with feeling of happiness or pain. A festival or a celebration is never constrained to a family or home. They whole community or neighborhood is involved in bringing a joy to an occasion. In India people consider guests as a gift from god. They give much respect to guest and welcome them with open heart. Indian people look afterward for each other in every occasion. They live with love and peace. Religion There are three main religions in India; Buddhism, Hinduism, and Sikhism. Buddhism is follow by 307 million people. Buddhists believe in Buddha as a spiritual being. According to the teachings of Buddha, we learn that there is nothing in self and that we only suffer and gain agony by going towards something that is not permanent. A Buddha is free from greed, hatred and ignorance, and characterized by wisdom, compassion and freedom. Hinduism...
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...Marriage Practices Michelle Moses ANT 101 Prof. Larissa Begley November 28, 2013 Marriage Practices Decades ago, what was known as the traditional wedding would be between one man and one woman. Today, traditional and other marriage practices have changed tremendously. When it comes to marriage, all cultures respect and honors its own marriage practice. Many marriage practices may be confusing and misunderstood from an outsider but will always be sacred within his/her tribe. In today’s society, we tend to self-judge another’s culture marriage practices because it is not the traditional marriage that we were brought believing. Even though we have become narrow-minded towards other forms of marriage and have come to believe that any other way wrong, marriage practices will always be performed differently. While some cultures believe in arranged marriages and same sex marriages, other cultures believe in multiple marriage partners which is known as polygamy. In some types of culture, all three of these marriage practices are accepted. Because of this, we should research farther into various cultures and find out what the reason is behind performing the different martial practices that they do because marriage will still continue in several different ways. Even though traditions might be similar to a particular point, the meaning and the marriage practices behind them are very different. When we do not have the power to choose who we want our future mate to be...
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...Gender Roles in India: How do the Men and Women of India live the way they do? Gender roles in India are very controversial as seen from the eyes of a westerner. Many though however view this as culture and tradition. In India, the women are controlled almost completely by the men in their families. They also have to pay a lot of respect to the men in their culture in general. The women must follow the commands of her father first, after him her husband, and lastly her son. Although she must obey these men the restrictions do not end there. After a woman’s husband dies she does not have independence and she is not allowed to remarry. These are the values that are taught to the woman in India and are respected by the men in the country. Starting off with the value of respect, it dates back to the caste system. Generally most Indian communities do not respect the fact where families do not accept lower caste systems into their own. The caste system can be described as segregation in a way. The categories of segregation are Brahman, Kshatriya, Vaishya, Shudra. The Brahmans were considered the priests and educated class, the Kshatriya were considered the land owners, rulers and fighters of their town, they dominated the government, and their superiority level was just under the Brahmins. The Vaishya were considered the trader class and the Shudra were servile laborers. What the caste system did was that it...
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... National Academy of Legal Studies and Research, University of Law, Hyderabad. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATION i TABLE OF CASES ii TABLE OF STATUTES ii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Dowry and Mahr…………………………………………………………………………..1 1.2 Research Plan 2 a.) Aims and Objectives 2 b.) Scope and Limitation 2 c.) Chapterisation 2 1.3 Research Methodology 2 CHAPTER II DOWRY AND MAHR AS A SOCIAL EVIL CHAPTER III DOWRY PROHIBITION AND DOWRY PROHIBITION LAWS 3.1 The Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 9 3.2 Section 304B of IPC 11 3.3 Section 498A of IPC 12 CHAPTER IV MISSUSE OF DOWRY LAWS CHAPTER V CONCLUSION & SUGGESSTIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY iii LIST OF ABBREVIATION AIR – All Indian Reporter Co. – Company Ed. – Edition Et. al. – Et alia e.g. – ‘Exempli gratia’ (for example) HSA – Hindu Succession Act P. – Page number SCC – Supreme Court Cases v. - versus TABLE OF CASES Dinesh Kumar Mor v Lalitya Mor. 9 Dukhi Ram v State of U.P. 12 Gantupalli Rama Subhatha v Guntu Palli Rajamma. 10 Gordhan Ram v State of Rajathan. 12 Lajpat Rai Sehgal v State. 11 M.L. Sethi v R.P. Kapur, 10 Pandurang Shivram Kawathkar v. State of Maharashtra. 11 Prema S. Rao v Yadla Srinivasa Rao 12 Rajinder Kumar v State of Haryana. 12 Sardar Harpal Singh v Balbinder Pal Kaur. 10 Satbir Singh v State of Punjab. 9 Shanti v State of Haryana 12 TABLE OF STATUTES Criminal Procedure...
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...more than five thousand years. It began with the start of human civilization. It’s a reflection of human history that carries with it a story of great people and amazing history. Indian culture uses rich and beautiful colors in all aspects of life, whether you see it through rugs and paintings, or through textiles and architecture. “The Indian culture is rooted in colorful traditions that date back to ancient history.”( Kohler, 2000-2011) A civilization known as Harappa, created a religion that is considered the oldest living religion. We know this religion as Hinduism. “India has traditionally been one of the most religiously tolerant in the world.”( Robinson, 2012) “However in 1998, a Hindu nationalistic political party the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) controlled the government of India. The linkage of religion, the national government, and nationalism led to a degeneration of the separation of church and state in India and a decrease in the level of religious tolerance in that country.”(Robinson, 2012) An increase of anti-Christian violence was one result of this linkage. With the later change in government, the level of violence has gone down, and India is a country of relative religious tolerance and peace. Culture and food go hand and hand in India. Indian food represents the family and community connecting and sharing socially. “Indian dishes are commonly cooked with distinct spices and herbs that awaken your senses.”(Kohler,2000-2011) Five essential spices, namely mustard...
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...LIVE IN RELATIONSHIP http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cohabitation_in_India Cohabitation or live-in relationships in India though not illegal, is considered socially and morally improper. Cohabitation is prevalent mostly among the people living in metro cities in India. Legal decisions[edit] Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005 recognises “relationship in the nature of marriage” and protects female partners from domestic violence. Such partners can claim monetary and other reliefs under the Act.[1] In S. Khushboo Vs. Kanniammal & Anr.,[2] the Supreme Court of India, placing reliance upon its earlier decision in Lata Singh Vs. State of U.P. & Anr.,[3] held that live-in-relationship is permissible only in unmarried major persons of heterogeneous sex. The Supreme Court on 13 August 2010 in the case of Madan Mohan Singh & Ors v. Rajni Kant & Anr. [4] has once again entered the debate on legality of the Live-in Relationship as well as legitimacy of Child born out of such relationship. The Court while dismissing the appeal in the property dispute held that there is a presumption of marriage between those who are in live-in relationship for a long time and this cannot be termed as 'walking-in and walking-out' relationship. In the case of Bharata Matha & Ors v. R. Vijaya Renganathan & Ors. [5]dealing with the legitimacy of child born out of a live-in relationship and his succession of property rights, the Supreme Court held that child born out...
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...The culture of India refers to the way of life of the people of India. India's languages, religions, dance, music, architecture, food, and customs differ from place to place within the country. The Indian culture, often labelled as an amalgamation of several cultures, spans across the Indian subcontinent and has been influenced by a history that is several millennia old.[1][2] Many elements of India's diverse cultures, such as Indian religions, yoga, and Indian cuisine, have had a profound impact across the world ‘Religions” Main article: Religion in India India is the birthplace of Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism, collectively known as Indian religions Indian religions, also known as Dharmic religions are a major form of world religions along with Abrahamic one. Today, Hinduism and Buddhism are the world's third and fourth-largest religions respectively, with over 2 billion followers altogether, and possibly as many as 2.5 or 2.6 billion followers India is one of the most religiously diverse nations in the world, with some of the most deeply religious societies and cultures. Religion still plays a central and definitive role in the life of many of its people. According to a 2001 census of India, the religion of 80% of the people is Hinduism. Islam is practised by around 13% of all Indians....
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...On Family Law During the Winter Semester 2015 IRRETRIEVABLE BREAKDOWN OF MARRIAGE INTRODUCTION Marriages in India are defined as bonds made in heaven and solemnized on earth. For Hindus it is a sacrament, for Muslims it is a sanctified contract and for Christians a sacred knot1. Complexity of the modern society and its consequences such as fast changing socio economic conditions, the disintegration of joint family structure, the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, education, employment and laws giving equal status and rights to women, led a tremendous impact on the institution of marriage. Few decades ago divorce was considered as an evil, the grounds of divorce were very limited and it was sought only under compelling circumstances. Positions have however, changed now. Marriage is no longer treated as an insoluble union. Truth be told, there has been a considerable legislative and judicial interference in the sphere of marital laws during the past few decades all over the world. In view of the evolving times, divorce laws are being substantially modified and liberalized.2 Though divorce laws vary across jurisdictions, most countries follow two basic approaches to divorce viz. fault based and no-fault based. In India, the Hindu Marriage Act, 19553 for Hindus and the Special Marriage Act, 19544 for marriage between two individuals regardless of their religious persuasion, are based on the...
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