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Is the City of Guatemala a City?

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Submitted By lquinto90
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Universidad Francisco Marroquín
¿Es la Ciudad de Guatemala una Ciudad?
Facultad de Arquitectura
Consejo Facultad de Arquitectura

Manuel Alejandro López Quinto
Seminario de la Ciudad
Privado de Historia
Carne 20090257
Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala Junio de 2014

¿Es la Ciudad de Guatemala una Ciudad?

Resumen
La mente del hombre es tan poderosa que es capaz de idear y crear. El logro más importante del hombre ha sido la capacidad de asociarse y trabajar por beneficio propio, ayudando de igual forma a los demás. Como resultado de una cooperación social se ha generado un espacio prospero, la ciudad.
La ciudad ha permito que el hombre interactúe, y comparta ideas. Este espacio ha hecho que las condiciones de vida del hombre sean mejores. Además, la libertad del hombre ha permitido que decida que necesita y a través del libre mercado asigne su riqueza. Es necesario que se cuestione este espacio para saber sus virtudes y debilidades que presente actualmente, como por ejemplo la Ciudad de Guatemala.
El siguiente ensayo cuestiona ¿Es la Ciudad de Guatemala una Ciudad? Se expondrán los factores que describan este espacio y como estos afectan a sus habitantes.

El poder de crear e idear

La capacidad más poderosa del hombre libre es el crear e idear. Cuando una idea logra captar la mente, esta es difícil de eliminar; por lo que cuando un concepto se adopta, es casi imposible de cambiar o modificar el mismo. A lo largo de los siglos, el hombre ha aceptado poco a poco ciertas percepciones, conceptos e ideales sobre cómo son las cosas.
No es común que se discuta el concepto de una casa, un edificio, una calle o de una ciudad.
La sociedad tiene imágenes preconcebidas y desde la infancia se es sometido a representaciones y conceptos de cómo funcionan los elementos que conforman la sociedad y la vida cotidiana. A través de los años, el ser humano trabaja y diseña, con el propósito de servir las necesidades y cumplir las expectativas del libre mercado. Las ideas son las que mueven al mundo y las que han hecho que la humanidad avance y cumpla metas que en el pasado parecían tan solo un sueño.

La verdad conquista todo. Como humanidad creemos que todo lo estudiado lo sabemos y en pocas ocasiones nos atrevemos a cuestionar lo que generaciones anteriores han dado por hecho o aceptado como realidad o concepto. Por lo que a continuación vamos a cuestionar, si la Ciudad de Guatemala es verdaderamente una ciudad.

Ciudad

En el mundo, muchas personas vivimos en una ciudad y vemos nuestro entorno evolucionar día a día, pero ¿qué es puntualmente una ciudad? Todos estos cambios y las consecuencias que se generan en nuestras vidas, nos llevan a querer entender, más que nunca, como funciona este espacio y como puede llegar a denominarse una ciudad como tal.
A continuación, se describirá que es una ciudad.
A lo largo de los siglos, el hombre ha evolucionado de nómada a sedentario y se ha establecido en diferentes espacios creando asentamientos que con el tiempo se han denominado ciudades. Se ha podido observar el nacimiento, el crecimiento y la importancia de la ciudad. Muchos afirman que se ha convertido en lugares demasiado densos, constantemente en el borde del peligro; espacios que promueven la contaminación y la violencia. Sin embargo olvidan que también son lugares que permiten una mejor comunicación entre las personas.
La ciudad es un espacio que permite una fácil transición de una idea a otra. Un lugar donde el humano ha logrado mejorar sus condiciones de vida. La migración del campo a la ciudad es quizá el paso más importante que ha tomado el ser humano libre. De igual manera, no podemos dejar a un lado a las personas que tienen la concepción antes mencionada de la ciudad; su forma de pensar también moldea constantemente la imagen y la función de la misma. Este espacio donde se agruparon personas, es un signo de crecimiento económico y prosperidad de sus habitantes.

El Arquitecto Warren Orbaugh describe lo siguiente:
‘’La ciudad es una población, una asociación de personas libres que tienen como fin establecer las condiciones para que cada uno de los asociados pueda vivir la buena vida, consistente está en poder alcanzar el mayor bien posible para sí, o dicho de otra manera, en poder conseguir aquellos valores que lo hagan feliz. Fue un invento de los helenos. Es distinta de cualquier otro tipo de asentamiento humano y la llamaron polis. Aristóteles nos la describe en sus libros La Política y La Constitución de Atenas. La polis era producto de una constitución, una convención entre hombres libres o eleutheros y no un establecimiento supuestamente dado por los dioses’’.
La Ciudad: Ese Ideal Incomprendido por Arquitecto Warren Orbaugh 1

1

La Ciudad: Ese Ideal Incomprendido por Arquitecto Warren Orbaugh. Ensayo.

Según la Revista Scripta Nova Revista Electrónica de Geografía y Ciencias Sociales, describe lo siguiente:
‘’Una ciudad es una comunidad de asentamiento, es decir, un espacio social donde un colectivo humano reside, se organiza y se reproduce socialmente. Como toda comunidad humana contará con sus propias pautas de organización, con su propia política, puesto que quienes participan de la vida de la ciudad forman parte de un colectivo’’. 2
Como conclusión sobre las descripciones y definiciones anteriores este espacio, una ciudad no es un resultado reciente, es una asociación de personas libres que dan identidad (a través del tiempo) y funcionamiento colectivo para que sus habitantes vivan, ofertando bienes y servicios. La ciudad se convirtió en un centro de aglomeración humana y dinámica en donde las ideas, el trabajo y el libre mercado, accionan a cada individuo a actuar.
Por lo tanto, se hace un especial énfasis en que este espacio es un invento del hombre libre, no una organización impuesta. Donde se entiende como organización impuesta, el gobierno y que la libertad y derecho a la propiedad privada son factores fundamentales para suplir las necesidades de los habitantes. Además, factores importantes como lo menciona
Edward Glaeser en su libro “Triumph of the City’’, capital humano sobre las estructuras, interacción humana, innovación, creatividad y educación hacen que una ciudad sea prospera, para que sus habitantes tengan una “buena vida”.
Las ciudades en su principio no fueron planificadas. Estas surgieron y evolucionaron por la necesidad del hombre de convivir en sociedad y de hacer uso del conocimiento de los demás sin siquiera saberlo. Es por esto que se puede afirmar que en una ciudad existe un verdadero orden natural; en lucha constante para existir y ser servido: oferta y demanda.
Es importante aclarar que el orden espontáneo de una ciudad no se refiera a dejar que la ciudad trabaje por sí sola. Significa que para que la ciudad funcione, la liberta debe existir y que cada individuo pueda decidir cómo cooperar en la división social; se debe permitir que los consumidores determinen que se debe producir.

Capital Humano, la Libertad y el Libre Mercado
“El valor económico del trabajo de un hombre está determinado, en un mercado libre, por un solo factor: El consentimiento voluntario de aquellos con la voluntad de comerciar con él a cambio de sus productos o de su trabajo.” –Ayn Rand.

Como se expuso anteriormente, el capital humano es el factor más importante de la ciudad. Esto es porque cualquier acción de cada individuo tiene importancia para el desarrollo de la ciudad. Por lo tanto, es importante atraer a personas dispuestas a contribuir al desarrollo, invertir, idear y a trabajar para la ciudad. La forma principal de hacerlo es a través de la

2

Revista Scripta Nova Revista Electrónica de Geografía y Ciencias Sociales. Versión Digital. http://www.ub.edu/geocrit/sn/sn-146(010).htm Universidad de Barcelona. ISSN: 1138-9788. Depósito Legal: B. 21.741-98
Vol. VII, núm. 146(010), 1 de Agosto de 2003

libertad, seguridad y protección de derecho a la propiedad privada, el libre mercado, la certeza jurídica y protegiendo las ideas (permitiendo la innovación).
¿Son estas definiciones, descripciones y conclusiones aplicables para entender y denominar la Ciudad de Guatemala, ciudad?

Ciudad de Guatemala, La Nueva Guatemala de la Asunción

La Ciudad de Guatemala es la capital de Guatemala y se localiza en el municipio de
Guatemala, departamento de Guatemala. Es el centro urbano más importante del país: político, cultural, social y económico. Además, es considerada la urbe más moderna y grande de Centroamérica. Cuenta con un aproximado de 1.5 millones de habitantes, según datos de las Naciones Unidas en su página (www.undata.com).
Es la tercera capital fundada en el país desde el periodo de la colonia en el país. Fue fundada en 1776 en el Valle de la Ermita, luego que las capitales anteriores fueran destruidas y trasladas por terremotos. Desde su fundación su trazado fue rectangular, ortogonal, sobre un orden cartesiano a partir de la Plaza Central, y a sus alrededores se encuentran edificios importantes como el Palacio Nacional, Catedral Metropolitana y Portal de Comercio. Siendo este trazado típico de la una típica ciudad colonial española. El diseño fue a cargo de Marcos
Ibáñez.
La Ciudad desde su fundación ha incrementado su extensión territorial. Por lo que se ha intervenido por medio del estado o municipalidades para que ingenieros o arquitectos diseñen y ordenen la ciudad. Por ejemplo, La Ciudad de Guatemala se divide en 22 zonas, diseñadas por el ingeniero Raúl Aguilar Batres, continuando la retícula en su mayoría ortogonal rectangular.
Actualmente, el ente gubernamental encargado de regular y administrar el territorio a través de reglamentos, licencias de construcción y desarrollo de la Ciudad de Guatemala es la
Municipalidad de Guatemala. Esta estableció el POT (Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial) como una reglamento sobre el cual muestra cómo se debe desarrollar o crecer la ciudad. Esto es porque se supone que es el ente mejor informado y que sabrá tomar las mejores decisiones de que producir o cómo manejar territorialmente la ciudad, cayendo muchas veces en la arbitrariedad o en la falta de fundamento. Sin embargo la situación actual ha demostrado que ha distorsionado el mercado por marcar y regir límites de cómo se debe construir y no permitir a través del libre mercado mostrar que necesidades tiene la población.

Intervención Gubernamental: Reglamentos y Restricciones

A través de la libertad de producción, decisión y propiedad privada se da el libre mercado. Esto permite que a través del sistema de precio, por medio de la oferta y la demanda, indique a la población como asignar su riqueza.
La Municipalidad de Guatemala en su afán de ordenar y controlar, crea regulaciones y restricciones. Es imposible que un ente o ciertas personas, conozcan las necesidades de toda una ciudad de más de 1.5 millones de personas como resultado el indicador de precios es distorsionado. Los reglamentos y restricciones crean un sistema de precios alterado y no real. Por ejemplo, un terreno puede estar ubicado en una zona exclusiva y su potencial de desarrollo económico es alto pero los reglamentos no lo permiten. Esto altera la asignación de la riqueza del país, obstaculizando la innovación y derechos de libertad.
A través de los indicadores del libre mercado, se sabría que decisiones o asignaciones de riquezas son acertadas o no.

¿Se puede denominar la Ciudad de Guatemala, ciudad?
La Ciudad de Guatemala se ha desarrollado a través de los años, como el centro urbano más importante del país: político, cultural, social y económico; además se ha convertido en el centro urbano más grande de Centroamérica. La ciudad se ha diseñado y pensado para los guatemaltecos y si ellos cumplen con las cualidades de ciudad que se presentaron inicialmente como haberse desarrollado para la convivencia de sus habitantes, pero actualmente no está cumpliendo con las cualidades de ser un territorio libre.
La Ciudad de Guatemala es ciudad pero pierde fuerza. Deben existir leyes efectivas que aseguren a las personas que los beneficios económicos de sus ideas sean para ellos y que al hacerlo pueden enriquecer a los demás. Como el concepto de la “mano invisible’’ de
Adam Smith. El desarrollo de la ciudad debe ser a través del libre mercado, permitiendo a sus habitantes mostrar y decidir que se produce o que necesitan; agregando un factor: permitir idear para innovar. La ciudad es el presente y el futuro de ser humano, por lo que se debe permitir la libertad para que este sea un lugar idóneo para vivir.

Bibliografía

-La Ciudad: Ese Ideal Incomprendido por Arquitecto Warren Orbaugh. Ensayo.
-La Ciudad. Revista Scripta Nova Revista Electrónica de Geografía y Ciencias Sociales.
Versión Digital. http://www.ub.edu/geocrit/sn/sn-146(010).htm
Universidad de Barcelona. ISSN: 1138-9788. Depósito Legal: B. 21.741-98
Vol. VII, núm. 146(010), 1 de agosto de 2003
Pedro V. Castro Martínez
Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona.
Trinidad Escoriza Mateu
Universidad de Almería
Joaquím Oltra Puigdomenech
Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona
Montserrat Otero Vidal
Mancomunitat de Municipis del Area Metropolitana de Barcelona
Encarna Sanahuja
Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona
-Ciudad de Guatemala. Universia, Estudios Internacionales. Estudios en Latinoamérica. 2014.
Versión
Digital. http://internacional.universia.net/latinoamerica/datosciudades/guatemala/ciudad-guatemala/ -Presentación:Historia de la arquitectura guatemalteca, El período colonial, siglo XVI al XIX La destrucción de Santiago en 1773 y El traslado de la capital al valle de La Ermita, por el Arq.
Julián González. Universidad Francisco Marroquín.
-Glaser, Edward. (2012). Triumph Of The City, New York, NY: Penguin Group, 2011.
- El Proceso Económico. Manuel F. Ayau Cordón. 6ta Edición Revisada Centro de Estudios
Económicos Sociales. Guatemala, Guatemala. Capítulo 2 La Cooperación Social Sección 2.1
Premisas Pagina 2-1

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...Honduras, El Salvador, and Guatemala. Out of all the countries mentioned, Guatemala was hit the hardest. There have been at least 92 deaths, 54 people missing and 59 individuals injured thus far. As a result of Agatha, there have been mudslides destroying homes, bridges have collapsed, and a giant sink hole. In regards to the giant sink hole, residents of Guatemala City stated that a three-story building and a home fell into it. Also, Agatha’s precipitation caused the levels of about nine rivers in Guatemala City to significantly rise. The focus of this analysis will be on the possible physical structure of the tropical storm that hit Central America and the process that caused precipitation. In diameter, tropical cyclones can vary from compact to very wide. As mentioned in the textbook, they can range from 100 miles to 600 miles (Christopherson, 2007, p. 180). The tropical storm that hit three different countries in Central America seemed to have covered a few hundred miles. Therefore, I predict that the width of this tropical storm was around 300 miles. Next, inward curving clouds caused Agatha’s rain bands to form with the eye of the storm. These bands went around the thunderstorm clouds which are also known as the swirls of the eyewall. As a result, the eyewall produces the most powerful section of precipitation (Christopherson, 2007, p. 180). This process is a possibly triggered the precipitation that caused the levels of those nine rivers in Guatemala to...

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Personal Narrative: My Mission Trip To Guatemala

...On this trip God has revealed to me a lot about myself and what I am capable of doing if I let him have control instead of relying only on myself. This mission trip really helped me to give control to God for example I always get nervous when it comes to speaking about personal maters or praying in front of people who I don’t know but after a couple days in Guatemala I told myself that I would give all my worries and insecurities to God. It was after I did this that I realized that only relying on my own strength was preventing me from serving others to my full potential. Proverbs 3:5 says “Trust in the Lord with all your heart and do not lean on your own understanding”. I also learned a lot from the people at the orphanage in Guatemala just...

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